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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Valley-polarized Exitonic Mott Insulator in WS2/WSe2 Moiré Superlattice

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lian, Zhen Meng, Yuze Ma, Lei Maity, Indrajit Yan, Li Wu, Qiran Huang, Xiong Chen, Dongxue Chen, Xiaotong Chen, Xinyue Blei, Mark Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Tongay, Sefaattin Lischner, Johannes Cui, Yong-Tao Shi, Su-Fei Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Departments of Materials The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials Imperial College London United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Electrical Computer & Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

Strongly enhanced electron-electron interaction in semiconducting moiré superlattices formed by transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) heterobilayers has led to a plethora of intriguing fermionic correlated states1–7. Meanwhile, interlayer excitons in a type-II aligned TMDC heterobilayer moiré superlattice, with electrons and holes separated in different layers8,9, inherit this enhanced interaction and strongly interact with each other, promising for realizing tunable correlated bosonic quasiparticles10,11 with valley degree of freedom. We employ photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the strong repulsion between interlayer excitons and correlated electrons in a WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice and combine with theoretical calculations to reveal the spatial extent of interlayer excitons and the band hierarchy of correlated states. We further find that an excitonic Mott insulator state emerges when one interlayer exciton occupies one moiré cell, evidenced by emerging photoluminescence peaks under increased optical excitation power. Double occupancy of excitons in one unit cell requires overcoming the energy cost of exciton-exciton repulsion of about 30-40 meV, depending on the stacking configuration of the WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer. Further, the valley polarization of the excitonic Mott insulator state is enhanced by nearly one order of magnitude. Our study demonstrates the WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice as a promising platform for engineering and exploring new correlated states of fermion, bosons, and a mixture of both12 © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Excitons

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SRBench++: Principled Benchmarking of Symbolic Regression With Domain-Expert Interpretation

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年 1-1页

作者： de Franca, F.O. Virgolin, M. Kommenda, M. Majumder, M.S. Cranmer, M. Espada, G. Ingelse, L. Fonseca, A. Landajuela, M. Petersen, B. Glatt, R. Mundhenk, N. Lee, C.S. Hochhalter, J.D. Randall, D.L. Kamienny, P. Zhang, H. Dick, G. Simon, A. Burlacu, B. Kasak, Jaan Machado, Meera Wilstrup, Casper Cavaz, W.G.L. Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Brazil Evolutionary Intelligence group Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute and Department of Astrophysical Sciences of Princeton University USA LASIGE Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Computational Engineering Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Utah USA Meta FAIR France Victoria University of Wellington School of Engineering and Computer Science New Zealand University of otago Department of Information Science New Zealand Institut für Angewandte Physik Universität TübingenMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Tübingen Germany Abzu AI Orient Plads 1 Nordhavn Denmark

Symbolic regression searches for analytic expressions that accurately describe studied phenomena. The main promise of this approach is that it may return an interpretable model that can be insightful to users, while maintaining high accuracy. The current standard for benchmarking these algorithms is SRBench, which evaluates methods on hundreds of datasets that are a mix of real-world and simulated processes spanning multiple domains. At present, the ability of SRBench to evaluate interpretability is limited to measuring the size of expressions on real-world data, and the exactness of model forms on synthetic data. In practice, model size is only one of many factors used by subject experts to determine how interpretable a model truly is. Furthermore, SRBench does not characterize algorithm performance on specific, challenging sub-tasks of regression such as feature selection and evasion of local minima. In this work, we propose and evaluate an approach to benchmarking SR algorithms that addresses these limitations of SRBench by 1) incorporating expert evaluations of interpretability on a domain-specific task, and 2) evaluating algorithms over distinct properties of data science tasks. We evaluate 12 modern symbolic regression algorithms on these benchmarks and present an in-depth analysis of the results, discuss current challenges of symbolic regression algorithms and highlight possible improvements for the benchmark itself. Authors

关键词： Benchmarking

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Electrochemical measurement of serotonin by Au-CNT electrodes fabricated on microporous cell culture membranes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 494-506页

作者： Ashley A.Chapin Pradeep R.Rajasekaran David N.Quan Liangbing Hu Jens Herberholz William E.Bentley Reza Ghodssi Fischell Department of Bioengineering College ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Systems Research College ParkMD 20740USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering College ParkMD 20740USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program College ParkMD 20740USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research RockvilleMD 20850USA Robert E.Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices RockvilleMD 20850USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College ParkMD 20742USA

Gut–brain axis(GBA)communication relies on serotonin(5-HT)signaling between the gut epithelium and the peripheral nervous system,where 5-HT release patterns from the basolateral(i.e.,bottom)side of the epithelium activate nerve *** have been few quantitative studies of this gut-neuron signaling due to a lack of real-time measurement tools that can access the basolateral gut *** vitro platforms allow quantitative studies of cultured gut tissue,but they mainly employ offline and endpoint assays that cannot resolve dynamic molecular-release ***,we present the modification of a microporous cell culture membrane with carbon nanotube-coated gold(Au-CNT)electrodes capable of continuous,label-free,and direct detection of 5-HT at physiological *** characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-coated Au electrodes shows increased electroactive surface area,5-HT specificity,sensitivity,and saturation time,which are correlated with the CNT film drop-cast *** microliters of CNT films,with a 10-min saturation time,0.6μA/μM 5-HT sensitivity,and reliable detection within a linear range of 500 nM–10μM 5-HT,can be targeted for high-concentration,high-time-resolution 5-HT *** films(12.5μL)with a 2-h saturation time,4.5μA/μM 5-HT sensitivity,and quantitative detection in the linear range of 100 nM–1μM can target low concentrations with low time *** electrodes achieved continuous detection of dynamic diffusion across the porous membrane,mimicking basolateral 5-HT release from cells,and detection of cell-released 5-HT from separately cultured RIN14B cell ***-integrated cell culture systems such as this can improve in vitro molecular detection mechanisms and aid in quantitative GBA signaling studies.

关键词： release saturation dynamic

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Photonic Terahertz Phased Array

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niu, Li Feng, Xi Zhang, Xueqian Lu, Yongchang Wang, Qingwei Xu, Quan Chen, Xieyu Ma, Jiajun Qiu, Haidi Sha, Wei E.I. Zhang, Shuang Alù, Andrea Zhang, Weili Han, Jiaguang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York10016 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Phased arrays are crucial in various technologies, such as radar and wireless communications, due to their ability to precisely control and steer electromagnetic waves. This precise control improves signal processing and enhances imaging performance. However, extending phased arrays to the terahertz (THz) frequency range has proven challenging, especially for high-frequency operation, broadband performance, two-dimensional (2D) phase control with large antenna arrays, and strong phase modulation. Here, we introduce a photonic platform to realize a THz phased array that bypasses the above challenges. Our method employs 2D phase coding with 2-bit across a broad THz frequency range from 0.8 to 1.4 THz. The core of our design is a pixelated nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface driven by a spatially modulated femtosecond laser, allowing precise phase control of THz signals. We showcase the effectiveness of our method through four proof-of-concept applications: single beamforming, dual beamforming, imaging and vortex beam generation. The realized photonic platform provides a promising pathway for developing broadband phased arrays in the THz regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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Terahertz Magnetospectroscopy of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet in Fields up to 25 T

Terahertz Magnetospectroscopy of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet i...

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JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia, JSAP 2021

作者： Bao, J. Peraca, N. Marquez Tay, F. Kritzell, T.E. Li, X. Noe, G.T. Katayama, I. Takeda, J. Nojiri, H. Yamahara, H. Tabata, H. Baydin, A. Kono, J. Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Japan Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

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Physics-Informed Neural Nets for Control of Dynamical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Antonelo, Eric Aislan Camponogara, Eduardo Seman, Laio Oriel de Souza, Eduardo Rehbein Jordanou, Jean Panaioti Hübner, Jomi Fred Department of Automation and Systems Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina FlorianópolisCEP: 88040-900 Brazil Gradute Program in Applied Computer Science University of Vale do Itajaí Itajaí CEP: 88302-901 Brazil

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) impose known physical laws into the learning of deep neural networks, making sure they respect the physics of the process while decreasing the demand of labeled data. For systems represented by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), the conventional PINN has a continuous time input variable and outputs the solution of the corresponding ODE. In their original form, PINNs do not allow control inputs, neither can they simulate for variable long-range intervals without serious degradation in their predictions. In this context, this work presents a new framework called Physics-Informed Neural Nets for Control (PINC), which proposes a novel PINN-based architecture that is amenable to control problems and able to simulate for longer-range time horizons that are not fixed beforehand, making it a very flexible framework when compared to traditional PINNs. Furthermore, this long-range time simulation of differential equations is faster than numerical methods since it relies only on signal propagation through the network, making it less computationally costly and, thus, a better alternative for simulation of models in Model Predictive Control. We showcase our proposal in the control of two nonlinear dynamic systems: The Van der Pol oscillator and the four-tank system. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging Multi-GPU Training with PyTorch

Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging ...

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International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)

作者： Ruth Obe Brandt Kaufmann Kaelen Baird Sam Kadel Yasmin Soltani Mostafa Cham Matthias K. Gobbert Carlos A. Barajas Zhuoran Jiang Vijay R. Sharma Lei Ren Stephen W. Peterson Jerimy C. PoIf Dept. of Computer Science and of Software Engineering U. of Houston-Clear Lake USA Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics U. of San Francisco USA Dept. of Computer Science and of Mathematics Skidmore College USA Dept. of Computer Science and of Psychology Mount Holyoke College USA Dept. of Biomedical Engineering U. of Houston USA Dept. of Information Systems U. of Maryland Baltimore County Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics U. of Maryland Baltimore County Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University USA Dept. of Radiation Oncology U. of Maryland School of Medicine USA Department of Radiation Oncology U. of Maryland School of Medicine USA Dept. of Physics U. of Cape Town South Africa H3D Inc. USA

Proton beam therapy is an advanced form of cancer radiotherapy that uses high-energy proton beams to deliver precise and targeted radiation to tumors. This helps to mit-igate unnecessary radiation exposure in healthy tissues. Real-time imaging of prompt gamma rays with Compton cameras has been suggested to improve therapy efficacy. However, the camera's non-zero time resolution leads to incorrect interaction classifications and noisy images that are insufficient for accurately assessing proton delivery in patients. To address the challenges posed by the Compton camera's image quality, machine learning techniques are employed to classify and refine the generated data. These machine-learning techniques include recurrent and feedforward neural networks. A PyTorch model was designed to improve the data captured by the Compton camera. This decision was driven by PyTorch's flexibility, powerful capabilities in handling sequential data, and enhanced G PU usage. This accelerates the model's computations on large-scale radiotherapy data. Through hyperparameter tuning, the validation accuracy of our PyTorch model has been improved from an initial 7 % to over 60 %. Moreover, the PyTorch Distributed Data Parallelism strategy was used to train the RNN models on multiple G PU s, which significantly reduced the training time with a minor impact on model accuracy.

关键词：

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Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

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InfoMat 2020年第6期2卷 1131-1162页

作者： Qiongfeng Shi Bowei Dong Tianyiyi He Zhongda Sun Jianxiong Zhu Zixuan Zhang Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Flexible(Stretchable)Electronic Systems Program National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou215123China NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore

The past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life,for example,healthcare monitoring and treatment,ambient monitoring,soft robotics,prosthetics,flexible display,communication,human-machine interactions,and so *** to the development in recent years,the next-generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and internet of things(IoT),to achieve a higher level of comfort,convenience,connection,and ***,this review provides an opportune overview of the recent progress in wearable electronics,photonics,and systems,in terms of emerging materials,transducing mechanisms,structural configurations,applications,and their further integration with other ***,development of general wearable electronics and photonics is summarized for the applications of physical sensing,chemical sensing,humanmachine interaction,display,communication,and so *** self-sustainable wearable electronics/photonics and systems are discussed based on system integration with energy harvesting and storage ***,technology fusion of wearable systems and AI is reviewed,showing the emergence and rapid development of intelligent/smart *** the last section of this review,perspectives about the future development trends of the next-generation wearable electronics/photonics are provided,that is,toward multifunctional,self-sustainable,and intelligent wearable systems in the AI/IoT era.

关键词： artificial intelligence energy harvesting human-machine interface internet of things wearable electronics wearable photonics

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Experimental Investigation of Lord Kelvin’s Isentropic Cooling and Heating Expression in Tensile Bars for Two engineering Alloys

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Burns, S.J. Pratt, Christine E. Carrock, Joseph Gagnon, Jean-Philippe Sefkow, A.B. Materials Science Program College of Arts Science and Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester 236 Hopeman Hall RochesterNY14627 United States Field Application Engineering Telops GenevaNY14456 United States Systems Engineering Telops 100-2600 St-Jean-Baptiste Ave. QuébecQCG2E 6J5 Canada Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester 250 E. River Rd. RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall RochesterNY14627 United States Department of Computer Science University of Rochester 2513 Wegmans Hall RochesterNY14627 United States

Solids when rapidly and elastically stressed change temperature, the effect proposed by Lord Kelvin is adiabatic thermo-elastic cooling or heating depending on the sign of the stress. A fast sensitive IR camera has measured temperature both decreasing and increasing. Temperature measurements made from the reversible, elastic part of the stress-strain curve during fast uniaxial tensile loading have been investigated. The isentropic temperature cooling from the loading curve is recovered by heating after the specimen fractures when the load is released. These measurements establish for the first time isentropic thermal recovery in two engineering alloys. The materials tested are an AISI 4340 steel and an aluminum 2024 alloy. Measurements of the isentropic thermo-elastic stress cooling are -0.61 K/GPa for steel and -1.7 K/GPa for aluminum alloy. The isentropic thermo-elastic stress heating is -1.16 K/GPa for steel and -1.6 K/GPa for aluminum alloy. These values are compared to Lord Kelvin’s theoretical thermodynamic prediction. Comparisons are also to equations of state tables. The experimental values are slightly below theoretical predictions. The isentropic, elastic part of the temperature is fully recoverable even after extensive plastic deformation upon fracture. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cooling

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