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Methods for Evaluating Medical Tests and Biomarkers

Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2017年第1期1卷 1-34页

作者： Gowri Gopalakrishna Miranda Langendam Patrick Bossuyt Mariska Leeflang Rob Scholten Anna Noel-Storr James Thomas Iain Marshall Byron Wallace Penny Whiting Clare Davenport Gowri GopalaKrishna Isabel de Salis Sue Mallett Robert Wolff Marie Westwood Jos Kleinen Richard Riley Gary Collins Hans Reitsma Karel Moons Antonia Zapf Katharina Kramer Annika Hoyer Oliver Kuss J. Ensor R. D. Riley J. J. Deeks E. C. Martin Gerta Rücker Martin Schumacher Susanne Steinhauser Joie Ensor Kym Snell Brian Willis Jon Deeks Thomas Debray Lavinia Ferrante di Ruffano Sian Taylor-Phillips Chris Hyde Stuart A. Taylor Gauraang Batnagar Lavinia Ferrante Di Ruffano Farah Seedat Aileen Clarke Sarah Byron Frances Nixon Rebecca Albrow Thomas Walker Carla Deakin Zhivko Zhelev Harriet Hunt Yaling Yang Lucy Abel James Buchanan Thomas Fanshawe Bethany Shinkins Laure Wynants Sabine Van Huffel Jan Verbakel Dirk Timmerman Ben Van Calster Aeliko Zwinderman Jason Oke Jack O’Sullivan Rafael Perera Brian Nicholson Hannah L. Bromley Tracy E. Roberts Adele Francis Denniis Petrie G. Bruce Mann Kinga Malottki Holly Smith Lucinda Billingham Alice Sitch Oke Gerke Mie Holm-Vilstrup Eivind Antonsen Segtnan Ulrich Halekoh Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen Bernard G. Francq Jac Dinnes Julie Parkes Walter Gregory Jenny Hewison Peter Selby Doug Altman William Rosenberg Julien Asselineau Paul Perez Aïssatou Paye Emilie Bessede Cécile Proust-Lima Christiana Naaktgeboren Joris de Groot Johannes Reitsma Anne Rutjes Emmanuel Ogundimu Jonathan Cook Yannick Le Manach Yvonne Vergouwe Romin Pajouheshnia Rolf Groenwold Karen Moons Linda Peelen Bavo De Cock Daan Nieboer Ewout W. Steyerberg Micael J. Pencina Jennifer Cooper Nick Parsons Chris Stinton Steve Smith Andy Dickens Rachel Jordan Alexandra Enocson David Fitzmaurice Peymane Adab Charles Boachie Gaj Vidmar Karoline Freeman Martin Connock Rachel Court Carl Moons Jessica Harris Zoe Plummer Barnaby Reeves Chris Rogers Andrew Mumford Kurtis Lee Veerle Verheyden Gianni D. Angelini Gavin J. Murphy Jeremy Huddy Melody Ni George Hanna Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Cochrane Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group University of Oxford Oxford UK EPPI-Centre Department of Social Science University College London London UK Division of Health and Social Care Research King’s College London London UK College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University Boston USA University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust School of Social and Community Medicine Bristol UK Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd York UK Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences Keele University Keele UK Centre for Statistics in Medicine Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Cochrane Netherlands University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany Manchester Pharmacy School University of Manchester Manchester UK Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 26 79104 Freiburg Germany

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Hardware-based parallel firefly algorithm for embedded applications

Hardware-based parallel firefly algorithm for embedded appli...

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NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and systems (AHS)

作者： Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos H. Llanos Leandro dos Santos Coelho Mauricio Ayala-Rincón Electronics Engineering Graduate Program Faculty of Gama University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program LAS/PPGEPS Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363822

The firefly algorithm (FA) is a new population-based metaheuristic bioinspired on the behavior of the flashing characteristics of fireflies. As a population-based algorithm, the FA suffers from large execution times specifically for embedded optimization problems with computational limitations. For reducing execution times we propose a hardware parallel architecture of the FA algorithm that facilitates the implementation in Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In addition, this work proposes the application of the opposition-based learning (OBL) approach to the FA algorithm. The respective hardware implementation (HPOFA) was mapped into a Virtex5 FPGA device and numerical experiments using four well-known benchmark problems demonstrate that the opposition-based approach allows the FA algorithm to improve its functionality, preserving the swarm diversity and avoiding the premature convergence problem. Synthesis results point out that the HPOFA architecture is effectively mapped in hardware and is suitable for embedded applications.

关键词： Hardware computer architecture Optimization Equations Random access memory Field programmable gate arrays Search problems

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Mediating process adaptation through a goal-oriented context-aware approach

Mediating process adaptation through a goal-oriented context...

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2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2012

作者： Nunes, Vanessa Tavares Werner, Cláudia M. Lima Santoro, Flávia Maria COPPE/PESC - Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program UFRJ PO Box 68511 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro Brazil NP2Tec and Postgraduate Information Systems Program UNIRIO Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467312127

Complexity and dynamism of day-to-day activities in organizations are inextricably linked, one impacting the other, increasing the challenges for constant adaptation on the way to organize work to address emerging demands. Market is demanding systems that are aware of organizations processes and able to evolve and adapt to new situations in everyday working activities. We argue that flexibility in processes could be managed in real time, by PAIS (Process-aware Information systems), using context information collected in the work environment. This paper proposes CGAdapt, a context management architecture approach that aims to improve and automate dynamic process adaptation. We explain how process adaptation may occur in real time through an existent scenario using this proposal and discuss the value of context-awareness to reason about process alternative adaptations in a goal oriented approach. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Static packet routing in NoC platform using ACO-based algorithms

Static packet routing in NoC platform using ACO-based algori...

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13th International Conference on Intelligent Data engineering and Automated Learning, IDEAL 2012

作者： Silva Jr., Luneque Nedjah, Nadia De Macedo Mourelle, Luiza Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Systems Engineering and Computation State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783642326387

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) have been used as an interesting option in design of communication infrastructures for embedded systems, providing a scalable structure and balancing the communication between cores. Because several data packets can be transmitted simultaneously through the network, an efficient routing strategy must be used in order to avoid congestion delays. In this paper, ant colony algorithms were used to find and optimize routes in a mesh-based NoC, where several randomly generated applications have been mapped. The routing optimization is driven by the minimization of total latency in packets transmission between tasks. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the ant colony inspired routing by comparing it with general purpose algorithms for deadlock free routing. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Ant colony optimization

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The influence of human capabilities in effort estimation of business processes modeling projects

The influence of human capabilities in effort estimation of ...

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5th International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information systems, CONFENIS 2011

作者： Dutra, José Roberto De Barros, Márcio O. Santoro, Flávia Maria Magdaleno, Andréa M. Cappelli, Claudia Nunes, Vanessa Klussman, Felipe Postgraduate Information Systems Program UNIRIO Brazil NP2Tec Research and Practice Group in Information Technology UNIRIO Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil COPPE UFRJ Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780415631310

Business processes modeling projects are increasingly widespread in organizations, which usually invest much in hiring expert consultants to do such job. These consultants come from various organizations, and have different experiences on how to perform the same activity. This paper analyzes how human-related capabilities influence the effort required to conduct a business process modeling project and discusses the results obtained from about 50 projects executed in a large Brazilian company. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： systems engineering

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Awareness and comprehension in software/systems engineering practice and education: Trends and research directions

Awareness and comprehension in software/systems engineering ...

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26th Brazilian Symposium on Software engineering, SBES 2012

作者： Schots, Marcelo Werner, Cláudia Mendonça, Manoel Systems Engineering and Computing Program COPPE/UFRJ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Bahia Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548685

The creation of tools, techniques and methodologies to support the manipulation of large data sets has been receiving special attention of both scientific and industrial communities, in order to discover new ways of dealing with the underlying information, including learning purposes, identification of patterns, decision making support, amongst others. However, making use of computing resources to enhance awareness and understanding of software information and the software itself is still a challenge in software/systems engineering, since it involves the identification of suitable mechanisms, adequate abstractions, and studies on stimulation of the human perceptive and cognitive abilities. This paper presents some of the challenges in this context, based on current trends of software development lifecycle, program comprehension, and software engineering education. At the end, a special focus is given on ongoing research on using and improving current mechanisms for supporting software reuse practices and software comprehension in general. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： computer software reusability

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Towards a formal model to reason about context-aware exception handling

Towards a formal model to reason about context-aware excepti...

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2012 5th International Workshop on Exception Handling, WEH 2012

作者： Rocha, Lincoln S. Andrade, Rossana M. C. Group of Computer Networks Software Engineering and Systems Graduate Program in Computer Science Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza - CE Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317665

The context-awareness is a central aspect in the design of pervasive systems, characterizing their ability to adapt its structure and behavior. The context-aware exception handling (CAEH) is an existing approach employed to design exception handling in pervasive systems. In this approach, the context is used to define, detect, propagate, and handle exceptions. CAEH is a complex and error prone activity, needing designers' insights and domain expertise to identify and characterize contextual exceptions. However, despite the existence of formal methods to analyze the adaptive behavior of pervasive systems, such methods lack specific support to specify the CAEH behavior. In this paper, we propose a formal model to reason about the CAEH behavior. It comprises an extension of the Kripke Structure to model the context evolution of a pervasive system and a transformation function that derivates the CAEH control flow from that proposed structure. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Model checking

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Exploring parallelism in volume ray casting: Understanding the programming issues of multithreaded accelerators

Exploring parallelism in volume ray casting: Understanding t...

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2012 International Workshop on programming Models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores, PMAM 2012

作者： Cox, Guilherme Silva, Cleomar Cupertino, Leandro Bentes, Cristiana Farias, Ricardo Department of Computer Science Rutgers University United States Department of Electrical Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Systems Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil COPPE/Systems Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312110

Direct volume rendering of irregular 3D datasets demands high computational power and memory bandwidth. Recent research in optimizing volume rendering algorithms are exploring the high processing power offered by a new trend in hardware design: multithreaded accelerator devices. Accelerators like the Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and the Cell Broadband Engine processor (Cell BE) are used as integrated coprocessors, and the off-loading of the application from the CPU to the accelerator offers promising speedups. The difficulty in using these devices, however, is how to program them efficiently, since their architectural features may be completely distinct. In this paper, we present some new architectural-aware algorithms for irregular grid rendering based on the ray casting method, designed for the Cell BE and the GPU. We investigate the ray traversal inside each accelerator in terms of data access, load balancing, and code divergence, and find new opportunities for performance optimizations based on the ray casting specific needs. Our results show that squeezing these architectures for performance reveals their limitations and can significantly improve the ray casting efficiency. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Parallel architectures

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An efficient parallel architecture for ray-tracing

An efficient parallel architecture for ray-tracing

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作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Nedjah, Nadia França, Felipe M.G. LAM - Computer Architecture and Microeletronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

Real time rendering of three-dimensional scenes in high photorealistic details is a hard task, such as in the ray tracing rendering algorithm. In general, the performance achieved by a sequential software-based implementation of ray tracing is far from satisfactory. However, parallel implementations of ray tracing have been enabling reasonable real time performance, as the algorithm is embarrassingly parallel. Thus, a custom parallel design in hardware is likely to achieve an even higher performance. In this paper, we propose a hardware parallel architecture capable of dealing with the main desirable features of ray tracing, such as shadows and reflection effects, imposing low area cost and a promising rendering performance. Such architecture, called GridRT, is based on the Uniform Grid acceleration structure and is intended to deliver massive parallelism through parallel ray-triangle intersection tests as well as parallel processing of many rays. A hardware implementation of the proposed architecture is presented, together with some performance results and resources requirements. The rendering is reduced by 80% using a grid configuration of eight processing elements. © Springer science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Safe adaptation in context-aware feature models 12

Safe adaptation in context-aware feature models

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4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, FOSD'12

作者： Marinho, Fabiana G. Andrade, Rossana M.C. Costa, Paulo A.S. Maia, Paulo H.M. Vidal, Vania M.P. Werner, Claudia Department of Computer Science Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Group of Computer Network Software Engineering and Systems - GREat Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450313094

Software product lines, usually described using feature models, have proven to be a feasible solution to develop mobile and context-aware applications. These applications use con- text information to provide services and data for their users from anywhere and at any time. However, building feature models for mobile and context-aware software product lines demands advanced skills of software engineers, since it comprises system and context information. Moreover, to guarantee a correct application execution, these models must be thoroughly specified, composed and verified to check whether some composition and adaptation rules are violated. Although this is an important task, there is a lack of formalization of such rules, which makes it difficult to use those rules for feature models verification. In this paper, we propose an approach to prevent defects in context-aware feature models and in their product reconfiguration based on formal methods. To validate our work, we developed a prototype to check the correctness of context-aware feature models. Copyright 2012 ACM.

关键词： Formal methods

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