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U-Net and SegNet performances on lesion segmentation of breast ultrasonography images

Research on Biomedical engineering 2021年第2期37卷 171-179页

作者： Vianna, Pedro Farias, Ricardo de Albuquerque Pereira, Wagner Coelho Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Horácio Macedo 2030 Room H327 Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Systems and Computing Engineering Program COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil

Purpose: Screening is the predominant strategy for the early detection of breast cancer. However, image analysis depends on the experience of the radiologist, inserting subjective factors in the evaluation of findings. Most biopsies performed on women with suspicious lesions on breast imaging tests show benignity. This medical technique is invasive and consumes time and resources;therefore, there is a demand to reduce these unnecessary procedures. Computer-aided diagnostics has been increasingly used as a second-reader tool lately, decreasing the diagnostic uncertainty of specialists. Based on this fact, the development of such systems is crucial and can be accomplished by the refinement of its steps, i.e., more accurate segmentation and classification. Considering this scenario, the present work describes the implementation of two well-known convolutional neural networks, U-Net and SegNet, for the segmentation of lesions found in breast ultrasonography. Defining which architecture is most appropriate for this task can ultimately help in reducing the number of biopsies performed. Methods: Convolutional neural networks are used in segmentation by classifying each pixel in an image, based on self-trained weights. Using a dataset of 2054 images, obtained in partnership with the National Cancer Institute, we compared the automatic segmentation performed by the networks with a manual segmentation made by a specialist. Results: Among the two proposed architectures, U-Net obtained better results in this task, obtaining a dice coefficient of 86.3%, and took 68.3% less training time than the SegNet, which achieved a dice score of 81.1%. Conclusion: The two networks can segment ultrasound images with useful accuracy depending on their configuration, with U-Net being faster to train and more accurate. © 2021, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A cryptographic system based on automata for Networked Automation systems abstracted as Discrete-Event systems

A cryptographic system based on automata for Networked Autom...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Marcos V. Moreira Publio M. M. Lima Lilian K. Carvalho Felipe G. Cabral COPPE - Electrical Engineering Program Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Department of Automation and Systems Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350358513

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358520

One of the main concerns about implementing Networked Automation systems is ensuring its security against cyber-attacks. In this paper, we consider that the Networked Automation System is abstracted as a Discrete-Event System, and we consider cyber-attacks where a malicious agent eavesdrops on a communication channel with the objective of gathering information about the system’s behavior. To protect the information transmitted in the attacked channel, we propose a cryptographic system that uses Mealy automata to represent the encryption and decryption functions. One of the main advantages of representing cryptographic systems using automata is that they can be easily implemented on programmable Logic Controllers, yielding to fast encryption and decryption of the transmitted message.

关键词： Automation Computer aided software engineering programmable logic devices Automata Rotors Communication channels Encryption Discrete-event systems Complexity theory Cyberattack

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Towards supporting the specification of context-aware software system test cases 23

Towards supporting the specification of context-aware softwa...

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23rd Iberoamerican Conference on Software engineering, CIbSE 2020

作者： de Souza Doreste, Andréa Cristina Travassos, Guilherme Horta Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

In Software engineering, context can be understood as the overall set of information used to characterize the situation of an entity. A software system is context-aware if it uses the context to provide relevant information or services to the user. Nowadays, different types of software systems with a profound impact on the user's life can be considered context-aware (e.g., ubiquitous and Internet of Things software systems). Therefore, it is crucial to guarantee that they behave correctly. Software Testing is the primary process for verifying system behavior. Because of the particularities of Context-Aware Software systems (CASS), conventional testing methods are not enough to test such systems. Based on that, we propose CATS#, a technique to support software engineers with the specification of CASS test cases and capture not only the context itself but its variation as well. CATS# is an evolution of the CATS (Context-Aware Test Suite) Design technique. It introduces two relevant evolutions: test case models and a new test template. The test case models were proposed after we searched for context-aware applications through the literature and realized that the context could affect the test process in different manners. The test template was proposed to capture the variation of context by specifying which variation should occur during the test case and when it should occur. We selected one example application to apply our technique, deriving different types of test cases and showing its relevance in these initial steps. © CIbSE 2020.

关键词： Software testing

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Crowd and Urban Storytelling: Evaluating a Collective Intelligence Model to Support Discussions about the City 25

Crowd and Urban Storytelling: Evaluating a Collective Intell...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2022

作者： Chaves, Ramon Motta, Claudia Correia, Antonio Paredes, Hugo Caetano, Barbara De Souza, Jano Moreira Schneider, Daniel Postgraduate Program in Informatics PPGI/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Inesc Tec University of Tr s-os-Montes e Alto Douro Utad Quinta de Prados Apartado 1013 Vila Real Portugal Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program PESC/COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405270

In recent years, digital technologies have been used to support discussions about the city and also to involve citizens in participatory public processes. However, despite the widespread use of social media platforms, old issues related to engagement and participation still persist in digital initiatives. The main goal of this study is to carry out an empirical evaluation of a collective intelligence model that combines crowdsourcing and social storytelling to support discussions about the city from a bottom-up perspective. Within a design science research approach we designed a participatory action study that was carried out through a workshop with students and professionals from different areas, such as architecture, urban design and information technology. As a result, we were able to assess whether the collective intelligence model was acceptable to the participants by investigating whether the behavioral assumptions were valid and thus outlining some contributions to the field of urban informatics. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Digital Nomads during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Narratives on Reddit discussions 25

Digital Nomads during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from N...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2022

作者： De Almeida, Marcos Antonio Correia, Antonio De Souza, Jano Moreira Schneider, Daniel Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program PESC/COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Inesc Tec University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal Postgraduate Program in Informatics PPGI/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Tércio Pacitti Institute of Computer Applications and Research NCE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405270

In this paper, we report on new findings about the results of an empirical study which aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has been shaping nomadic work practices and also challenging the lifestyles of digital nomads (DN). To do this, we collected textual data from posts in a Reddit community. We argue that, in order to understand how to design technical solutions for the so-called 'new normal' working conditions, one way to approach this is to understand how digital nomads are being impacted in their work practices and routines, and also how they are seeing the future of their technology-mediated work-life space. Finally, we show how evidence collected from DNs about their experiences and difficulties perceived during the pandemic period can inform CSCW researchers worldwide about future design-oriented strands. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Performance of the SegNet in the Segmentation of Breast Ultrasound Lesions

Performance of the SegNet in the Segmentation of Breast Ultr...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： P. O. Vianna R. Farias W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Systems and Computing Engineering Program COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170558

This work presents a performance analysis of a convolutional neural network (CNN), named SegNet, applied for automatic segmentation of breast ultrasound images. Defining the viability of CNN's could help with feature extraction and posterior classification of lesions, causing a decrease in the number of unnecessary biopsies. The breast ultrasound (BUS) dataset consists of 2054 images from 659 female patients, and each image was manually segmented by an experienced radiologist. The dataset is fed into the CNN without any filtering process applied to it and the test output is then compared with the radiologist's labels. We compared the results of different loss and activation functions, and the experiments reveal that the best performance was achieved using dice loss function, with dice coefficient of 81.1%.

关键词： Image segmentation Ultrasonic imaging Medical services Breast Feature extraction Generative adversarial networks Performance analysis

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Systematic mapping on the use of games for software engineering education 23

Systematic mapping on the use of games for software engineer...

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23rd Iberoamerican Conference on Software engineering, CIbSE 2020

作者： Castro, Diego Costa, Diogo Matheus Werner, Cláudia Maria Lima COPPE/Computer Systems Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Games appeal to all kinds of people and are used for a wide range of purposes, from pure entertainment to educational research. Software engineering is an area of computing that has much content to explore, distributed in different knowledge areas. Thus, there are many theoretical classes that make learning tiresome. In this scenario, educators and researchers are looking for new methods to engage students in order to facilitate the learning process. Many studies have already been produced using games as a teaching method. However, a recurring mistake when using games as a teaching method is the application of the wrong approach to a context that often hinders student learning. This paper presents a systematic mapping that aims to identify the main ways that games are being used as a teaching method focused on Software engineering. The results highlight five ways of using games as a teaching method, where Game-based Learning, Digital Game-based Learning and Gamification are the most used ones. © CIbSE 2020.

关键词： Serious games

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Exploring Personal Knowledge Ecologies: Dealing with Digital Platform Asymmetries

Exploring Personal Knowledge Ecologies: Dealing with Digital...

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International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Marcos Antonio De Almeida Jano Moreira De Souza António Correia Daniel Schneider Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program (PESC/COPPE/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculty of Information Technology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland Postgraduate Program in Informatics PPGI/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Tércio Pacitti Institute of Computer Applications and Research NCE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350349184

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349191

The rise of artificial intelligence agents and information technology platforms governed by data-driven algorithms has had profound impacts on the way knowledge work is managed and carried out. Concerning the novel uses of digital work platforms, the arising tensions might suggest that the socio-technical design frameworks adopted by major tech firms are becoming less viable and in some cases ineffective. We propose a conceptual architecture to support a socio-technical framework for exploring Personal Knowledge Ecologies in the context of the digital knowledge economy. This framework aims to increase the degree of individual freedom for the interoperation of these knowledge information infrastructures.

关键词： Knowledge engineering Sociotechnical systems Computer architecture Ecology Software Heterogeneous networks Complexity theory

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Generative AI Impact on the Future of Work: Insights from Software Development

Generative AI Impact on the Future of Work: Insights from So...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Caroline Da Conceição Lima Herbert Salazar Yuri Lima Carlos Eduardo Barbosa Matheus Argôlo Alan Lyra Jano Moreira de Souza Program of Systems and Computer Engineering (PESC) COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brazil Centro de Analises de Sistemas Navais Marinha do Brasil Praca Barao de Ladario - Ilha das Cobras Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781665410205

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410212

Recent Artificial Intelligence advancements raise concerns about the future of work, particularly technological unemployment. Studies show automation's impact, but tools like ChatGPT disrupt even traditionally secure professions like programming. In this study, we reevaluate AI's effects using a method to assess the impact of Generative AI technologies on occupations to understand the potential effects of Generative AI systems on software development work. Valuable insights were obtained by gathering the view of a group of workers, primarily composed of developers who are starting their careers, regarding the impact of these technologies on the tasks they perform to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implications of Generative AI for software development. Results show that all programming tasks performed by these workers would experience some impact by Generative AI -65% of the tasks being considerably impacted, 12% moderately impacted, and 18% minimally impacted. This analysis highlights the substantial influence of Generative AI technologies on software development, mainly affecting those in the early stages of their career. The results of this work contribute to the academic community with valuable information. Policymakers can also use this information, as this work provides a comprehensive view of the impacts of Generative AI on software developers, considering their direct impact on job tasks.

关键词： Automation Generative AI engineering profession Chatbots Software Unemployment programming profession Cybernetics Software development management

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Rebuilding games at runtime

Rebuilding games at runtime

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IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software engineering - Workshops (ASE Workshops)

作者： Diego Castro Cláudia Werner COPPE/Computer Systems Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665411851

The gaming industry is growing over time, having a considerable amount of fans. Creating a game is a complex process that can take a long time until its release, causing a lot of anxiety for the game fan population. Some of these fans can not wait for the release of a specific game, creating their own versions of games. This process of creating games in an ad-hoc manner from others that already exist is called mod and can be compared to the concept of Software Reuse, where software is created from others. This work aims to increase the systematic of creating mods based on reuse concepts such as Product Line. In this paper, an initial prototype of a game created by applying Product Line concepts to generate new mods in a more systematic way is described.

关键词： Industries Fans Systematics Runtime Conferences Sociology Prototypes

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