检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Patterns of cancer mortality among Native Americans

cancer 2000年第11期83卷 2377-2383页

作者： Nathaniel Cobb M.D. Roberta E. Paisano M.H.S.A. Indian Health Service Cancer Prevention and Control Program Albuquerque New Mexico

BACKGROUND Native Americans have been reported to have lower cancer incidence and mortality than other racial groups in the U.S., although some have questioned whether this was due to racial misclassification. This study provides improved estimates of cancer mortality, determined from a sampling of people who live on Indian reservations. METHODS The authors reviewed death certificates from U.S. counties that contain Indian lands, excluding certain areas with known problems of racial misclassification. Age-adjusted mortality rates for specific types of cancer were calculated using U.S. Census population figures, and these rates were compared with rates for all races in the U.S. RESULTS This sample included 38% of the American Indian and Alaska Native populations. The age-adjusted annual mortality rate for all cancers combined was 148.2 per 100,000 for both genders, 133.1 for females, and 167.2 for males. The rates for males and for both genders combined, but not for females, were significantly lower than the U.S. rates for all races ( P < 0.05). Females had significantly lower rates of death from carcinoma of the lung and breast and significantly higher rates of death from carcinoma of the cervix and gallbladder ( P < 0.05). Males had significantly lower rates of death from carcinoma of the lung, colon, and prostate, and significantly higher rates of liver carcinoma. Both genders combined had significantly lower rates of death from lung and colon carcinoma and significantly higher rates of death from stomach, liver, kidney, and gallbladder carcinoma. Geographic differences were substantial, with the Northern and Plains regions experiencing much higher mortality from lung, colon, and breast carcinoma than the Southwest region. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the general U.S. population, Native Americans experience quite different patterns of cancer mortality. cancer prevention and control programs should be designed specifically for this minority population. [See editorial

关键词： American Indian Native American Alaska Native cancer mortality

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A comprehensive national minority intervention in tobacco control†

引用

cancer 2000年第S8期83卷 1793-1795页

作者： Roselyn Payne Epps M.D., M.P.H., M.A. Public Health Applications Branch Cancer Control Research Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland

Tobacco use is a major cancer risk among minorities, as evidenced by their high cancer mortality rates compared with white populations. Prior public health prevention efforts have concentrated on affecting individual behavior change through education and smoking-cessation techniques. The American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST) project, which is sponsored by the National cancer Institute and the American cancer Society, is a 7-year research and applications project designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of coalition-based policy interventions on smoking prevention and cessation. ASSIST places major emphasis on the involvement of minority populations in this project as well as all women and youth. Minority involvement is evident through 1) representation and leadership on all levels of ASSIST policy development and administration; 2) inclusion of minority components in all national ASSIST conferences, including minority recruitment, coalition development, and sustainability design; 3) provision of specialized technical assistance and training to the 17 states by the ASSIST Coordinating Center; and 4) incorporation of minority specific activities in the various ASSIST states. Outcome evaluation of the effectiveness of the ASSIST approach will be conducted after the project's completion in 1998. However, early indicators show a marked increase in minority participation. Between 1994 and 1996, there has been an almost four-fold increase in proposed activities to reach underserved and minority communities. Most ASSIST states have formed multicultural coalitions. These results show that 1) intervention models emphasizing community-based policy activities in cancer prevention can address multicultural concerns successfully, 2) linkages with groups with similar multicultural interests increase the likelihood and success of joint cancer control efforts, and 3) policy-based interventions are more likely to have a pronounced effect on decreasing smoking and cancer

关键词： tobacco control American Stop Smoking Intervention Study multicultural populations

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Author reply

引用

cancer 2000年第9期79卷 1847-1848页

作者： Reinhard E. Zachrau M.D. Benjamin F. Hankey Sc.D Eric J. Feuer Ph.D. Institute of Breast Diseases New York Medical College Valhalla New York Cancer Statistics Branch Surveillance Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland Applied Research Branch Surveillance Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

An adjustment to the 1997 estimate for new prostate cancer cases†

引用

cancer 2000年第9期80卷 1810-1813页

作者： Phyllis A. Wingo Ph.D., M.S. Sarah Landis M.P.H. Lynn A.G. Ries M.S. Surveillance Research Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia Cancer Control Research Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland

In light of new information, the authors present and discuss a proposed adjustment to the American cancer Society's January 1997 estimate of prostate cancer incidence rates.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

cancer surveillance in the U.S.

引用

cancer 2000年第7期83卷 1282-1291页

作者： Judith Swan M.H.S. Phyllis Wingo Ph.D. Rosemarie Clive L.P.N. Dee West Ph.D. Daniel Miller M.D. Carol Hutchison C.T.R. Edward J. Sondik Ph.D. Brenda K. Edwards Ph.D. Cancer Surveillance Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia Commission on Cancer American College of Surgeons Chicago Illinois Northern California Cancer Center Union City California National Program of Cancer Registries National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Cancer Registry Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville Maryland

cancer-related services are consuming ever-increasing health resources; along with this trend, health care costs are rising. As health care planners, researchers, and policymakers formulate strategies to meet this challenge, they are looking to cancer registries and the health information system built around them as collectors of the most extensive information regarding cancer treatment in the U.S. Currently, there are multiple programs collecting and reporting data regarding cancer incidence, morbidity, mortality, and survival. This report profiles cancer surveillance efforts in the U.S. and describes the National Coordinating Council for cancer Surveillance, which was organized in 1995 to facilitate a collaborative approach among the organizations involved. cancer 1998;83:1282-1291. © 1998 American cancer Society.

关键词： cancer control cancer registry cancer surveillance registrar

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The dietary antioxidant network and prostate carcinoma†

引用

cancer 2000年第9期86卷 1629-1631页

作者： Steven K. Clinton M.D., Ph.D. The Cancer Prevention and Control Program The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio

At this time, recommendations oncerning the use of antioxidant supplements for the prevention of prostate carcinoma should be made with great caution. More investigation of the efficacy and optimal dosing of nutrients and phytochemicals is needed. Meanwhile, an emphasis on healthy dietary and life-style patterns should be our current standard for the reduction of prostate carcinoma morbidity and mortality. See also pages 1783–92.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Prognosis among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma†

引用

cancer 2000年第1期80卷 80-90页

作者： James J. Dignam Ph.D. Carol K. Redmond Sc.D. Bernard Fisher M.D. Joseph P. Costantino Dr.P.H. Brenda K. Edwards Ph.D. Department of Biostatistics and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Department of Biometry and Epidemiology College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina Department of Surgery and Scientific Director's Office NSABP 914 Scaife Hall University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Cancer Control Research Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland

BACKGROUND A disparity in breast carcinoma survival between African-American and white women has been noted over the past several decades. A major factor implicated in this disparity is stage of disease at diagnosis. In this study, survival and related endpoints were examined among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma who participated in two randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). METHODS Patients from two studies, one conducted among patients with estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumors and the other among patients with ER positive tumors, were included. Study goals were to determine whether African-Americans and whites had comparable outcomes, accounting for ER status and differences in patient characteristics at diagnosis, and to determine whether treatment response was similar for African-Americans and whites. RESULTS Five-year survival rates were 83% for African-Americans and 85% for whites among ER negative patients, and 93% for African-Americans and 92% for whites among ER positive patients. Rates of disease free survival (DFS) (i.e., time to disease recurrence, second primary cancer, or death) were 71% for African-Americans and 74% for whites at 5 years among ER negative patients, and 81% for African-Americans and 80% for whites among ER positive patients. African-Americans tended to have less favorable baseline prognostic characteristics. Adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates indicated similar prognosis for African-Americans compared with whites for mortality (African-American/white RR = 1.02 with 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.56 among ER negative patients; RR = 1.14 with 95% CI, 0.84-1.54 among ER positive patients) and DFS (RR = 0.98 with 95% CI, 0.70-1.37 for ER negative patients; RR = 0.96 with 95% CI, 0.75-1.22 for ER positive patients). Estimated percent reductions in DFS events for patients receiving adjuvant therapy were 32% for ER negative Afric

关键词： Breast breast carcinoma race clinical trials hormone receptors adjuvant therapy

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Primary prevention of colon cancer with dietary and micronutrient interventions†

引用

cancer 2000年第S8期83卷 1734-1739页

作者： David S. Alberts M.D. Martha L. Slattery Ph.D. Edward Giovannucci M.D. Moshe Shike M.D. Dava J. Garcia B.A. Section of Hematology and Oncology Department of Medicine Arizona Cancer Center College of Medicine University of Arizona Tucson Arizona Cancer Prevention and Control Program Arizona Cancer Center College of Medicine University of Arizona Tucson Arizona Department of Oncological Sciences Division of Public Health Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah Channing Laboratory Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York New York

Overall, colorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death and the third most common carcinoma in both females and males in the United States. Adjusted incidence rates for whites are consistently higher than those for African Americans, whereas case-fatality rates are consistently lower for whites. Its etiology appears to be related to a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Proposed dietary risk factors for colon carcinoma include excess fat intake and low intakes of fruits, vegetables, dietary fiber, calcium, and other micronutrients. Phase III clinical dietary and micronutrient trials are being conducted with the support of the National cancer Institute for low fat-high fruits and vegetables, wheat bran fiber, calcium, folic acid, and selenium employing colonic adenoma recurrence as the primary outcome endpoint. If these studies are positive, then the implementation of dietary and/or micronutrient interventions could have an immense public health impact by reducing colon carcinoma mortality. cancer 1998;83:1734-1739. © 1998 American cancer Society.

关键词： colon cancer prevention nutrition minority populations clinical trials

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Treatment options, selection, and satisfaction among african american and white men with prostate carcinoma in north carolina

引用

cancer 2000年第2期83卷 320-330页

作者： Wendy Demark-Wahnefried Ph.D. Joellen M. Schildkraut Ph.D. Christophe E. Iselin M.D. Elizabeth Conlisk Ph.D. Andrew Kavee M.A. Tim E. Aldrich Ph.D. Eugene J. Lengerich V.M.D., M.S. Philip J. Walther M.D., Ph.D. David F. Paulson M.D. Division of Urology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Program of Cancer Prevention Detection and Control Research Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Office of Epidemiology North Carolina Division of Health Promotion Raleigh North Carolina Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina Division of Epidemiology and Statistics University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah

BACKGROUND In the U.S., prostate carcinoma mortality is greatest among African Americans. In North Carolina, the state with the fourth largest population of African Americans, the prostate carcinoma mortality rate is 2.5 times greater among African Americans than among whites and is the highest reported rate for any state in the nation. To explore potential reasons for the racial differential in mortality, a study was undertaken to determine whether differences related to treatment existed between African American and white men who were diagnosed with prostate carcinoma during the period 1994-1995. METHODS Cases were selected from 16 institutions within a region comprising 63 contiguous counties where the overall population was >20% African American. A stratified design was employed to accrue subjects into groups of even size according to race and disease stage (n = 231). A telephone survey was conducted, which assessed treatment options discussed by patients with their physicians, treatment(s) received, factors influencing treatment, satisfaction with treatments discussed and options given, and sociodemographic information. RESULTS All measures related to treatment were consistently associated with stage at diagnosis ( P < 0.001) rather than other variables measured (i.e., race, age, income, comorbidity, education, and residential status). Furthermore, most subjects reported that their physicians presented several treatment options (65%), that they were satisfied with the options presented (90%), and that the physician was the most important factor influencing their treatment decision (57%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that African American and white men in North Carolina receive comparable treatment for prostate carcinoma. Therefore, efforts to reduce the racial disparity in mortality should be directed toward lessening the high incidence of later stage disease at diagnosis and exploring potential biologic differences that may increase the risk of more aggressi

关键词： Prostate prostatic neoplasms disease management patient satisfaction African Americans whites

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Home smoking restrictions: Which smokers have them and how they are associated with smoking behavior

引用

Nicotine and Tobacco Research 1999年第2期1卷 153-162页

作者： Gilpin, Elizabeth A. White, Martha M. Farkas, Arthur J. Pierce, John P. Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of California San Diego CA United States Cancer Prevention and Control Program Cancer Center University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0645 United States

Home smoking restrictions have primarily been promoted as a means of protecting non-smokers from secondhand tobacco smoke. However, research suggests that smokers who live in smoke-free homes may modify their smoking behavior. Population-based survey data from California (n = 8904) were used to confirm this association and to examine demographic and social characteristics of smokers who reported home smoking restrictions. Report of a recent quit attempt and intention to quit were associated with family preference that the smoker not smoke, with home smoking restrictions appearing to be a concrete expression of this social pressure. In contrast, light smoking (<15 cigarettes/day) was negatively related to family preference (light smokers may not offend non-smokers) but very positively related to the level of home smoking restrictions. Additionally, smoke-free homes appear to prolong time to relapse following cessation. Male smokers were more likely than females to report smoke-free homes, and such reports decreased with age. While Hispanics and Asians were more likely to report smoke-free homes than Non-Hispanic whites, African Americans were less likely to report them. After adjusting for demographics, smokers were nearly 6 times more likely to report smoke-free homes if they lived with a non-smoking adult and child compared to when there was no child or adult non-smoker in the household, and over 5 times more likely to report a smoke-free home if they believed in the harmfulness of secondhand smoke. Tobacco control efforts to promote smoke-free homes may give family members leverage to encourage smokers to quit, and to modify smokers' behavior in ways that would help them quit and stay quit.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：