This prospective randomized study examined the impact of three tailored intervention approaches to increase quitting rates among African-American smokers who were clients of a community health center that serves prima...
This prospective randomized study examined the impact of three tailored intervention approaches to increase quitting rates among African-American smokers who were clients of a community health center that serves primarily low-income and indigent persons. Smokers were randomized to one of three groups: (1) health care provider prompting intervention alone, (2) health care provider prompting intervention with tailored print communications, and (3) health care provider prompting intervention with tailored print communications and tailored telephone counseling. Among the 160 smokers who completed the study, 35 (21.8%) had quit smoking at follow-up. Smokers who received the provider prompting intervention with tailored print materials were more likely to report having quit than smokers who received the provider intervention alone (32.7% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.05). Smokers who received all three intervention components were not more likely to report having quit at follow-up than those who only received the provider intervention (19.2% vs. 13.2%). Smokers who at baseline were less educated, smoked less than half a pack of cigarettes per day, had a stronger desire to quit, felt more efficacious, and had thought about quitting were more likely to report having quit at follow-up. These results provide support for continued refinement of tailored communications to aid smoking cessation among African-American smokers.
Recent longitudinal evidence suggests that approximately 34% of all new tobacco experimentation occurs because of tobacco advertising and promotions. Based on this figure, in this paper we estimate the long-term impac...
Behavioral compliance approaches such as the foot-in-the-door technique (Freedman & Fraser, 1966;Pliner, Hart, Kohl & Saari, 1974) have been tested and used in several social marketing programs (Scott, 1977;Fo...
Behavioral compliance approaches such as the foot-in-the-door technique (Freedman & Fraser, 1966;Pliner, Hart, Kohl & Saari, 1974) have been tested and used in several social marketing programs (Scott, 1977;Ford & Spekman, 1981). However, much more needs to be learned about where and how to use these approaches most effectively. Little is known about the usefulness of these approaches for facilitating changes in behavior within highly resistant target markets. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promise of the foot-in-the-door technique (FITD) as a tool for addressing a very troublesome public health problem - how to recruit teenagers into a smoking cessation program. Previous recruitment efforts that have targeted teen smokers without using FITD have had very little success;only 2 to 6 % have agreed to enter programs (Peltier, Telch, & Coates, 1982). We examined whether the FITD approach of requesting teens to engage in a small behavior first, before asking them to engage in larger behaviors (i.e., agreeing to receive and/or help prepare smoking cessation materials), increased the likelihood that they would engage in the larger behaviors.
A breast cancer case–control study in Atlanta and 5 counties of central New Jersey involving interviews with 960 white and 281 black cases younger than 54 years of age enabled assessment of reasons for the varying in...
A breast cancer case–control study in Atlanta and 5 counties of central New Jersey involving interviews with 960 white and 281 black cases younger than 54 years of age enabled assessment of reasons for the varying incidence rates among these 2 ethnic groups. Of interest was why rates of breast cancer are higher among older white women, a trend that is reversed among very young women (<40 years). Calculation of the prevalence of exposure to classic and speculative risk factors and associated relative risks enabled derivation of population attributable risks (PARs) for the various combinations of age and ethnic groups. A higher PAR was derived for older (40–54 years) white (62%) than black (54%) women, which appeared to account for the observed difference in incidence between the 2 ethnic groups. Most of the difference in PARs between older whites and blacks was accounted for by whites having fewer births, later ages at first birth and slightly higher risks associated with reproductive and menstrual factors. Consideration of only well-established breast cancer risk factors showed a PAR among older whites of 57%, an estimate comparable to those previously published. Slightly higher overall PARs were derived when analyses considered several speculative but modifiable risk factors, including years of use of oral contraceptives, body size and alcohol consumption. Many of the analyses among younger women (20–39 years) were limited by available numbers, but it appeared that very little disease occurrence in young black women was associated with the factors studied. Int. J. cancer 73:349–355, 1997. Published 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
This paper summarizes key behavioral research contributions to the promotion of healthful diets and identifies the outstanding behavioral research needs that could lead to positive dietary changes in the United States...
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This paper summarizes key behavioral research contributions to the promotion of healthful diets and identifies the outstanding behavioral research needs that could lead to positive dietary changes in the United States. Nutrition plays an important role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Dietary guidelines for health promotion and cancerprevention recommend diets that are lower in fat and higher in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, Behavioral research on dietary change has become more rigorous and sophisticated in the past decade, with noteworthy contributions in four areas: behavioral research within clinical trials, self-help or minimal contact intervention strategies, school nutrition programs and services, and advances in the development of measures. Work in progress includes large-scale randomized intervention trials, with the majority of funding for studies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. There are many needs for further research. Six priority areas for behavioral research are identified and discussed: (1) determinants of dietary behavior and change processes;(2) policy, environmental, and organizational interventions;(3) studies of dietary change and exercise and interventions with persons at high risk for diet-related cancers;(4) methodological research;(5) research on diffusion and dissemination;and (6) systematic behavioral research on dietary change in clinical trials. A concerted research effort in the area of dietary change has great potential benefits for cancerprevention and control and for public health in general. (C) 1997 Academic Press.
作者：
Hankey, BCancer Statistics Branch
Cancer Control Research Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD 20892 United States
William M. Haenszel was born on June 19, 1910, in Rochester, New York. He received a B.A. degree in 1931 and an M.A. degree in 1932, both from the University of Buffalo. He is an elected Fellow of the American Statist...
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William M. Haenszel was born on June 19, 1910, in Rochester, New York. He received a B.A. degree in 1931 and an M.A. degree in 1932, both from the University of Buffalo. He is an elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association, the American Public Health Association and the American Association For the Advancement of Science. He has been awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa en Salud Publica from the Universidad del Valle in Colombia. He has held positions as Secretary of the Statistics Section and member of the governing Council of the American Public Health Association, Chair of the Biometrics Section of the American Statistical Association and member of the Regional Advisory Board of the Eastern North Atlantic Region of the International Biometric Society. During his tenure at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1952 through 1976, he served as Head of the Biometric Section and the Chief of the Biometry Branch at the National cancer Institute. Since leaving the National Institutes of Health he was on staff at the Illinois cancer Council, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Illinois (he is currently Professor Emeritus) and a consultant to the World Health Organization.
I review major issues covered at the International Workshop on Nutritional Attitudes and Practices of Primary Care Physicians and synthesize some of the key findings presented at this workshop and found in the scienti...
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I review major issues covered at the International Workshop on Nutritional Attitudes and Practices of Primary Care Physicians and synthesize some of the key findings presented at this workshop and found in the scientific Literature. After presenting the rationale for managing nutritional problems in primary health care, I discuss the extent of both practice and international differences. Next, the determinants of attitudes and practices, in terms of both individual and system-level factors, are examined. Various types of interventions and the available data regarding their efficacy are reviewed. I then raise a variety of considerations regarding research methodologies and describe work in progress. Finally, suggestions are advanced regarding opportunities for increasing and improving physician efforts to manage nutritional concerns and for pursuing promising future directions for better health through nutrition.
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