检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Use of gene tests to detect hereditary predisposition to cancer: What do we know about cost effectiveness?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF cancer 1996年第1期69卷 55-57页

作者： Brown, ML Kessler, LG Applied Research Branch Surveillance Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Mutations in 4 genes associated with DNA repair have been shown to be associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) in families which display unusually high risk for colorectal cancer. laboratory tests for mutations in these genes will soon be commercially available, raising the possibility that population-wide gene testing to identify individuals with an inherited susceptibility to colorectal cancer could be conducted. The purpose of our report is to explore the economic implications of conducting a program of population-wide screening for HNPCC compared with alternative programs which would be restricted to families already known to be at high risk for HNPCC. Rather than provide a definitive answer to these questions, our purpose is to indicate priority areas of research which need to be conducted before such a definitive analysis can be done. An exploratory analysis has been conducted to determine which factors are most important in determining the cost-effectiveness of a genetic testing program for HNPCC. The base case analysis focuses on current uncertainty about the population prevalence of the HNPCC genotype and phenotype, factors which are central to the cost-effectiveness of population-wide screening. Uncertainty in parameters related to the cost and effectiveness of screening and preventive interventions for HNPCC were explored using additional sensitivity analyses. Favorable levels of cost-effectiveness for population-wide screening are achieved only when the most favorable assumptions about HNPCC prevalence and the cost and effectiveness of screening and preventive interventions are made. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Introduction to the 25th anniversary of the signing of the National cancer Act

引用

cancer 1996年第12期78卷 2582-2583页

作者： Donald Earl Henson M.D. Program Director Early Detection Branch Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland.

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant-based Diet and Breast cancer Recurrence: Report of a Feasibility Study

引用

Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1996年第9期96卷 A55-A55页

作者： V Newman G Tedeshi S Faerber JP Pierce Cancer Prevention & Control Program University of California San Diego School of Medicine. USA

LEARNING OUTCOME: To learn whether survivors of early breast cancer would be willing to adopt and maintain an experimental diet considerably higher in plant foods and lower in fat than currently recommended in national dietary guidelines. Epidemiologic and laboratory evidence suggest that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and fiber, and low in fat may be able to prevent or delay breast cancer progression. A randomized feasibility study was conducted to determine whether survivors with early breast cancer would be willing to adopt and maintain such a dietary pattern. Subjects were 93 women between the ages of 30 and 70 years. Ambitious behavioral targets for daily consumption were set to achieve the study dietary pattern: 5 servings of vegetables, 2 (8-ounce) servings of fresh vegetable juice, 3 servings of fruit, 30 grams of fiber, and 15% of calories from fat. The control diet was the NCI 9-a-Day diet. Telephone counseling methodology was used to motivate women and assist them in self-regulating their own behavior. Daily counseling was scheduled during the first week, followed by weekly counseling for 10 weeks, and then monthly counseling for the remainder of the first year of the study. Monthly cooking classes were conducted to build social support and to share recipes. We report changes in dietary intake collected from repeated 24-hour recalls (4 within 2 weeks) obtained at baseline, 6, and 12 months using the Nutritional Data System (NDS). Daily intakes of total fiber, beta carotene, vitamin C, folate, and magnesium, taken as a group, are considered a good marker of plant-based food intake. The control group had no significant changes in self-reported consumption of any of these nutrients. The intervention group reported significantly higher (p<0.01) intakes of all these nutrients, and significantly lower (p<0.01) percentage of calories from fat than the control group at both at 6- and 12-month assessments compared to baseline. Significant changes in serum caro

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Environmental causes of cancer among Native Americans

引用

cancer 1996年第7 SUPPL期78卷 1603-6页

作者： N Cobb Cancer Prevention and Control Program Indian Health Service Albuquerque NM 87110 USA.

Age-adjusted mortality from cancer is steadily increasing among Native Americans, raising concern about environmental causes. Toxic waste dumps, mining activities, paper mills, military activities, agricultural chemicals, and urban pollution are common sources of carcinogen exposure on reservations and among the urban poor. Despite documented hazards, we do not see a pattern of cancer excess that might result if Native Americans were exposed to these carcinogens more than other Americans. Abuse of tobacco can be shown to be the most important contributor to cancer mortality among Native Americans. Although there are good reasons for environmental regulation and clean-up, the most cost-effective method of cancer prevention is tobacco control.

关键词： neoplasms environmental pollution North American Indians tobacco

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Corrigendum to “induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase by vitamins A, E and C in Colo205 colon cancer cells”

引用

cancer Letters 1996年第2期101卷 265-265页

作者： Weiqun Wang Carl M. Higuchi Prevention and Control Program Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of Hawaii 1236 Lauhala Street Honolulu HI 96813 USA

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

COMODULATION OF CELLULAR POLYAMINES AND PROLIFERATION - BIOMARKER APPLICATION TO COLORECTAL MUCOSA

引用

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 1995年第2期57卷 256-261页

作者： HIGUCHI, CM WANG, WQ Prevention and Control Program Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii 96813

Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic amines required for normal cellular growth which are ubiquitously found in all living tissues. Polyamine biosynthesis is known to increase with mitogenesis, and elevated polyamine concentrations are found in hyperproliferative tissues. Quantitation of tissue polyamine content may thus provide a biochemical measure of proliferation, with potential biomarker application to the colonic mucosa where dysregulated epithelial proliferation is associated with cancer risk. This study was performed to validate polyamine analyses as a measure of cellular proliferation, and to preliminarily assess polyamine assay characteristics when applied to clinical samples. Using FHC, a human colonic epithelial cell line, for in vitro experimentation, deoxycholic acid or retinol was added to freshly passaged cultures to either stimulate or inhibit proliferation, respectively. Parallel cultures were then assayed for (1) proliferation by sulforhodamine B staining;and (2) polyamine content by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Deoxycholic acid stimulated, and retinol inhibited proliferation in dose-dependent fashion. Polyamine content, specifically the spermidine content and the spermidine/spermine ratio, also increased or decreased in response to culture with deoxycholic acid or retinol, respectively. Significant linear correlations between proliferation and spermidine (r = 0.858, P < 0.001), and with the spermidine/spermine ratio (r = 0.574, P < 0.05) were observed. When quantitative polyamine analyses were applied to human colonic specimens, replicate mucosal sampling revealed a high degree of intra-individual variability, indicating a heterogeneous distribution of polyamines within anatomically confined colonic segments. The results support a role for quantitative polyamine analyses as a correlative measure of colonic epithelial proliferation;however, intraindividual variability may limit the utility of colorectal biomarker meas

关键词： POLYAMINES PROLIFERATION COLORECTAL cancer BIOMARKERS MUCOSA

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase by vitamins A, E and C in colo205 colon cancer cells

引用

cancer LETTERS 1995年第1期98卷 63-69页

作者： Wang, WQ Higuchi, CM Prevention and Control Program Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of Hawaii 1236 Lauhala Street Honolulu HI 96813 USA

High consumption of fruits and vegetables which are abundant in dietary antioxidants has been linked to a reduced incidence of colorectal cancer. A potential mechanism of dietary anticarcinogenesis involves the induction of detoxifying phase II enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). This study therefore examined the ability of the dietary antioxidant vitamins beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to induce cellular expression of QR and GST activities in human colon cancer cells. Colo205 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of various concentrations (10(-10) to 10(-5) M) of each antioxidative micronutrient, then assessed for cytosolic QR and GST activities and cell growth. beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid each resulted in dose-dependent increases in QR activity, without adverse effects upon cell proliferation, To investigate whether the ability of beta-carotene to induce QR may be attributable to its conversion to vitamin A and/or to its antioxidant capacity as a carotenoid, retinol, retinoic acid, and lycopene were similarly tested for their capacity for enzyme induction. Although retinol and retinoic acid were both noted to be antiproliferative at higher concentrations (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), both retinoids stimulated QR at physiological concentrations. Lycopene, a carotenoid which is not converted to vitamin A, was devoid of biologic activity. By contrast with the effects upon QR, GST activity was unaffected by treatment with any of the micronutrients tested in this in vitro model. The results support a hypothesis that a high dietary consumption of vitamins A, E and C may confer partial protection against colorectal cancer by the induction of specific detoxifying enzymes. The antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene appears to have less biologic impact vis-a-vis QR induction than its function as a non-toxic reservoir of vitamin A. Measurements of QR activity within the colorectal muc

关键词： induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone reductase glutathione-S-transferase antioxidants vitamins colon cancer cells

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Women's health advocacy: Its growth and development in oncology

引用

Seminars in Oncology Nursing 1995年第2期11卷 137-142页

作者： McCabe, Mary S. Varricchio, Claudette G. Padberg, Rosemary Simpson, Nancy Cancer Therapy Evaluation Division of Cancer Treatment National Cancer Institute United States Community Oncology and Rehabilitation Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute United States Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute United States

Women's health has become a topic of national importance. Advocacy initiatives by consumers, scientists, government officials, health care professionals, industry, and the media have played a role in helping to set this agenda. Much of the current interest in women's health is the result of the women's movement and its interaction with science, medicine, and health care. Emerging consumerism and increasing public knowledge of medical and scientific topics has led to the emergence of patients as individuals seeking to actively make decisions regarding health care options. Nurses should embrace the advocacy movement and, whenever possible, work with patients and their advocates toward their many shared goals. © 1995 W.B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Perception of benefits to smoking cigarettes in adolescents unexposed to smoker in their social environment

引用

European Journal of Public Health 1995年第4期5卷 281-285页

作者： Prokhorov, Alexander V. Farkas, Arthur Gilpin, Elizabeth Johnson, Michael Bal, Dileep Pierce, John P. Department of Behavioral Science MD Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Houston Texas United States Cancer prevention and Control Program Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla Callformia United States Tobacco Control Section Callifornia Department of Health Services Sacramento California United States

The objective of the study was to describe a group of adolescents who have no smokers in their social environment and to examine their beliefs regarding the benefits of smoking. The design was a telephone survey. A population-based survey was conducted in California in 1990. There were 7,767 adolescent respondents between 12 and 17 years of age, 373 (5%) of whom were unexposed to smokers in their social environment. A positive response to any 1 of 5 questions concerning a belief in the benefits of smoking was the main outcome measure. In teenagers unexposed to smokers in their social environment 70% were 12 or 13 years of age compared to only 35% of teenagers exposed to smokers. Unexposed teenagers were more often female and more often white rather than Hispanic, African-American or Asian. After adjusting for demographic factors, unexposed teenagers were only one-quarter as likely as exposed teenagers to harbour a belief in the benefits of smoking. However, 40% of unexposed teenagers held such a belief with 28% believing that smoking helps people feel more comfortable in social situations, 19% believing that smoking helps people relax and 13% believing that smoking helps people keep their weight down. It is unlikely that the group of teenagers unexposed to smokers in their social environment acquired their beliefs about the benefits of smoking through contact with smokers. Cigarette advertising might be a likely source of these perceptions. © 1995 Copyright European Journal of Public Health.

关键词： Adolescent smoking Perceived benefits of smoking

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

CALIFORNIAS 5-A-DAY-FOR-BETTER-HEALTH CAMPAIGN - AN INNOVATIVE POPULATION-BASED EFFORT TO EFFECT LARGE-SCALE DIETARY CHANGE

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 1995年第2期11卷 124-131页

作者： FOERSTER, SB KIZER, KW DISOGRA, LK BAL, DG KRIEG, BF BUNCH, KL From the Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Program California Department of Health Services Sacramento The Department of Community and International Health School of Medicine University of California Davis California Dr. Kizer is now undersecretary for health U.S. Department of Veterans’ Affairs Dr. DiSogra is now director of nutrition and health Dole Food Company The Cancer Control Branch California Department of Health Services Sacramento Mr. Krieg is now director of partnership development Office of Consumer Affairs U.S. Department of Agriculture

The annual toll of diet-related diseases in the United States is similar to that taken by tobacco, but less progress has been achieved in reaching the Public Health Service's Healthy People 2000 objectives for improving food consumption than for reducing tobacco use. In 1988, the California Department of Health Services embarked upon an innovative multi-year social marketing program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. The 5 a Day-for Better Health! Campaign had several distinctive features, including its simple, positive, behavior-specific message to eat 5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day as part of a lowfat, high fiber diet;its use of mass media;its partnership between the state health department and the produce and supermarket industries;and its extensive use of point-of-purchase messages. Over its nearly three years of operation in California, the 5 a Day Campaign appears to have raised public awareness that fruits and vegetables help reduce cancer risk, increased fruit and vegetable consumption in major population segments, and created an ongoing partnership between public health and agribusiness that has allowed extension of the campaign to other population segments, namely children and Latino adults. In 1991 the campaign was adopted as a national initiative by the National cancer Institute and the Produce for Better Health Foundation. By 1994, over 700 industry organizations and 48 states, territories, and the District of Columbia were licensed to participate. Preventive medicine practitioners and others involved in health promotion may build upon the 5 a Day Campaign experience in developing and implementing efforts to reach the nation's dietary goals.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：