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cancer, Culture and Literacy 5th Biennial Conference: Solutions for Addressing Health Disparities through Community Partnerships: May 18—20, 2006, Clearwater Beach, Florida: Conference Highlights

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cancer control 2006年第4期13卷 304 - 305页

作者： Chrystyna Pospolyta Dina Martinez Janelle Menard Cathy D. Meade Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Health Outcomes & Behavior Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Tampa Florida.

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Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation

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BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006年第1期6卷 1-4页

作者： Lao, Christopher D. Ruffin IV, Mack T. Normolle, Daniel Heath, Dennis D. Murray, Sandra I. Bailey, Joanne M. Boggs, Martha E. Crowell, James Rock, Cheryl L. Brenner, Dean E. Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-0930 2150 CCGC United States Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-0708 1018 Fuller St. United States Department of Biostatistics Core Cancer Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-0473 300 North Ingalls Bldg. United States Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0901 9500 Gilman Drive United States Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD 20892 9000 Rockville Pike United States Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0901 9500 Gilman Drive United States

Background: Curcumin is the major yellow pigment extracted from turmeric, a commonly-used spice in India and Southeast Asia that has broad anticarcinogenic and cancer chemopreventive potential. However, few systematic studies of curcumin's pharmacology and toxicology in humans have been performed. Methods: A dose escalation study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and safety of a single dose of standardized powder extract, uniformly milled curcumin (C³ Complex™ Sabinsa Corporation). Healthy volunteers were administered escalating doses from 500 to 12,000 Mg. Results: Seven of twenty-four subjects (30%) experienced only minimal toxicity that did not appear to be dose-related. No curcumin was detected in the serum of subjects administered 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 or 8,000 mg. Low levels of curcumin were detected in two subjects administered 10,000 or 12,000 mg. Conclusion: The tolerance of curcumin in high single oral doses appears to be excellent. Given that achieving systemic bioavailability of curcumin or its metabolites may not be essential for colorectal cancer chemoprevention, these findings warrant further investigation for its utility as a long-term chemopreventive agent. © 2006 Lao et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Curcumin Minimal Toxicity Poor Bioavailability Common Toxicity Criterion Version Single Dose Oral Administration

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Chapter 25: Education, training, and communication for HPV vaccines

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Vaccine 2006年第SUPPL. 3期24卷 S210-S218页

作者： Sherris, Jacqueline Friedman, Allison Wittet, Scott Davies, Philip Steben, Marc Saraiya, Mona Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) Seattle WA 98107 1455 NW Leary Way United States Division of STD Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States European Cervical Cancer Association Lyon France Médecin Conseil Groupe Aviseur Sur Le VPH Institut National De Santé Publique Du Québec Montreal Canada Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

As human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines come to market, they will face education and training challenges similar to those of other new vaccines, along with HPV-specific issues. Recent studies document stark knowledge gaps about HPV at all levels - among policy makers, healthcare providers, parents, and teens - in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Pharmaceutical companies, public health advocates, medical trainers, and health educators need to understand their diverse audiences and respond appropriately to the needs of each. They also must use research-based communication strategies and materials to most effectively, and accurately, convey the need for an HPV vaccine and to manage expectations about how the vaccine can, and cannot, protect women and men. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cervical cancer Education HPV Training Vaccines

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Distribution of Male Genital System cancers (MGSC), United States – 1999–2001

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Annals of Epidemiology 2005年第8期15卷 633-634页

作者： R.R. German T.D. Thompson S.L. Stewart P.A. Wingo National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA

Purpose MGSC comprise nearly a third of all cancers in males. Prostate cancer (PrC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among males, and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Testicular cancer (TsC) is the most common solid tumor among males aged 15–34 years. Penile (PnC) and other MGSC are uncommon. Recent national population-based data can further characterize these cancers. Methods Incidence data from 38 CDC-NPCR registries and 5 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries (i.e., 91% of the US), and mortality data from CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (100% of the United States), were used to calculate age-specific and age-adjusted rates in 1999–2001 for the United States. Results About 96% and 98% of MGSC cases and deaths, respectively, were PrC. Incidence and death rates of PnC increased with increasing age, as well as incidence rates of other MGSC. PrC rates increased up to 70–79 years, where incidence declined but mortality continued to increase. TsC rates peaked at about 30-39 years, where incidence declined while mortality declined then increased at 80+ years. Compared to white males, age-adjusted incidence and death rates among black males were about twice as high for PrC and five to two times lower for TsC. Rates of PnC and other MGSC did not vary appreciably by white/black race. Analysis of age-adjusted PrC rates by census region showed the Northeast (NE) having the highest incidence rate and the Midwest (MW) and South (S) with the highest death rates. PnC incidence rates were highest in the NE and MW, while PnC death rates were highest in the MW and S. The West had the highest death rates for TsC and the highest incidence rates for other MGSC. TsC incidence rates and other MGSC death rates did not vary appreciably by Census region. Conclusions Demographic variations in the occurrence of uncommon MGSC were observed. Additional analyses by stage, histology, and grade are planned.

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Scale and shape issues in focused cluster power for count data

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International Journal of Health Geographics 2005年第1期4卷 1-16页

作者： Puett, Robin C. Lawson, Andrew B. Clark, Allan B. Aldrich, Tim E. Porter, Dwayne E. Feigley, Charles E. Hebert, James R. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States School of Medicine Health Policy and Practice University of East Anglia East Anglia United Kingdom South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC United States

Background: Interest in the development of statistical methods for disease cluster detection has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Evaluations of statistical power provide important information for the selection of an appropriate statistical method in environmentally-related disease cluster investigations. Published power evaluations have not yet addressed the use of models for focused cluster detection and have not fully investigated the issues of disease cluster scale and shape. As meteorological and other factors can impact the dispersion of environmental toxicants, it follows that environmental exposures and associated diseases can be dispersed in a variety of spatial patterns. This study simulates disease clusters in a variety of shapes and scales around a centrally located single pollution source. We evaluate the power of a range of focused cluster tests and generalized linear models to detect these various cluster shapes and scales for count data. Results: In general, the power of hypothesis tests and models to detect focused clusters improved when the test or model included parameters specific to the shape of cluster being examined (i.e. inclusion of a function for direction improved power of models to detect clustering with an angular effect). However, power to detect clusters where the risk peaked and then declined was limited. Conclusion: Findings from this investigation show sizeable changes in power according to the scale and shape of the cluster and the test or model applied. These findings demonstrate the importance of selecting a test or model with functions appropriate to detect the spatial pattern of the disease cluster. © 2005 Puett et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Power Evaluation Power Curve Pollution Dispersion Cluster Shape Disease Cluster

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Analysis of a Database of Materials for HIV prevention program Evaluation

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Health Promotion Practice 2004年第4期5卷 444-450页

作者： Davis, David Uhl, Gary Barrington, Tracey Rowel, Randy Squiers, Linda Sharp, Katherine Program Evaluation Research Branch of the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia United States Morgan State University Public Health Program Baltimore Maryland United States Cancer Information Service Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland United States Department of Health Education and Health Promotion Kent State University Kent Ohio United States Westat in Rockville Maryland United States

program evaluation technology transfer is the transfer of information on program evaluation from research to practitioners. There have been anecdotal reports of a lack of technology transfer materials related to HIV prevention program evaluation, especially materials usable by persons without extensive training in evaluation. The Centers for Disease control and prevention reviewed available program evaluation materials relevant to HIV prevention and developed a database of those materials. Materials were classified according to appropriate audience, level of evaluation expertise required, steps in the evaluation process addressed, and other criteria. The database was queried to determine the number of materials available for various combinations of search criteria. These queries revealed that for certain audiences and steps in the evaluation process there are few materials, especially usable by individuals without evaluation experience. The conclusion is that for certain areas of program evaluation, and for certain audiences, more evaluation technology transfer materials are needed. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

关键词： capacity building CBO evaluation HIV prevention technical assistance technology transfer

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How did the Master Settlement Agreement change tobacco industry expenditures for cigarette advertising and promotions?

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Health promotion practice 2004年第3 SUPPL期5卷 84S-90S页

作者： Pierce, John P Gilpin, Elizabeth A Cancer Prevention and Control Program Moores Cancer Center University of California-San Diego La Jolla California USA.

The 1998 multistate Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with the tobacco industry restricted cigarette advertising and promotions. The MSA monetary settlement was also associated with an average cigarette price increase of U.S.$1.19/pack between 1998 and 2001 to fund, in part, industry payments to the states. We examined Federal Trade Commission reports on how the tobacco industry spends its cigarette advertising and promotional dollars to see if changes expected as a result of the MSA occurred. Expected changes included reduced total expenditures and reductions for outdoor advertising, specialty promotional items identified with a brand (e.g., caps, t-shirts, lighters), and public entertainment. However, tobacco industry spending for advertising and promotions increased 96% between 1995 and 2001, with large increases in 1998 and 1999, as the MSA took effect. Between 1997 and 2001, outdoor advertising declined 98%, expenditures for specialty promotional items decreased 41%, although public entertainment increased 45%. However, in 2001, these categories represented only a small fraction of the total budget. Expenditures for retail-value-added increased 344% between 1997 and 2001 (to 42.5% of total), perhaps to mitigate increased cigarette prices. In 2001, the incentives-to-merchants and retail-value-added categories comprised more than 80% of total expenditures. To adequately monitor tobacco industry expenditures as they adapt to the MSA and other tobacco control efforts, more refined reporting categories are essential.

关键词： smoking adolescents marketing

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Carotenoid update

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2003年第4期103卷 423-425页

作者： Rock, CL This article was written by Cheryl L. Rock PhD RD Professor Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA.

Carotenoids are a group of biologically active compounds that provide colorto plants, microorganisms, fish, and birds, but they cannot be synthesized in animals. Theabsorption of carotenoids is not regulated when consumed by humans, so carotenoidsin the blood andperipheral tissue reflect ingested carotenoids. Higher levels of carotenoid intake from the diethave been quite consistently associated with reduced risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, andother chronic diseases in observational studies, and they demonstrate diverse biological activitiesin laboratory studies. Yet the beta carotene supplement trials just as consistently demonstratedthat no benefits are gained from this strategy, and in two studies, an increased risk for cancer inassociation with high-dose supplementation was observed in the groups that were targeted in thosestudies. Much has been learned about carotenoids since the resuits of the beta carotene supplementtrials made the headlines, and because of increased interest in other carotenoids (eg, lutein,lycopene), this new knowledge is relevant to clinical practice. There are some differences, but moresimilarities, in how the various carotenoids are handled by the body. This article addresses themore frequentlyasked questions about carotenoids.

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Nutritional Oncology Analysis

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Integrative cancer Therapies 2003年第1期2卷 65-73页

作者： Saxe, Gordon A. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego School of Medicine Cancer Prevention and Control Program La Jolla CA 92093-0901 9500 Gilman Drive Dept. 0901 United States

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A minimum 6-month prolonged abstinence should be required for evaluating smoking cessation trials

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Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2003年第2期5卷 151-3页

作者： John P Pierce Elizabeth A Gilpin Cancer Prevention and Control Program Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0645 USA. jppierce@ucsd.edu

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