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Disparities in Psychological Distress and Coping Behaviors Amongst Patients with Indolent Hematologic Malignancies

Blood 2024年 144卷 3739-3739页

作者： Tammarah Sklarz Jill S Hasler Carolyn Y. Fang Zachary AK Frosch Department of Hematology/Oncology Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Temple University Health System Philadelphia PA Department of Hematology/Oncology； Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA

Introduction : Patients with indolent blood cancers often do not have an indication for treatment at diagnosis and are recommended to undergo observation as the initial management strategy. This strategy may lead to psychological distress which is associated with decreased cancer-specific survival. In the US, there are significant racial disparities in survival for patients diagnosed with blood cancers, yet less is known about the basis for these differences. One potential contributor to disparities in survival is the differential impact of mental health comorbidities given that racial minorities living in the US disproportionately experience more psychosocial stress. The aims of this study are to evaluate for racial disparities in the level of cancer-related stress experienced by patients undergoing active observation for indolent blood cancers and to contrast coping strategy use by race. Methods : This study employs use of existing data from a prospective observational research study where participants with indolent blood cancers managed by observation were asked to complete measures regarding sociodemographic background, health behaviors, cancer-specific stress, and psychological adjustment to cancer. Participants were enrolled from April 2016 to November 2020 and measures were obtained at study entry. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, smoldering myeloma, and a B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified were included. Race/ethnicity was defined into several categories: African American/Black, Asian, White, more than one race/other or Hispanic. For study comparison, patients were grouped into racially minoritized (Asian, Black or Hispanic/Latinx) and non-minoritized (White non-Hispanic) arms. cancer-specific stress was assessed using the Revised Impact of Events Scale (RIES). Psychological adjustment to cancer was assessed using the Mental Adjustment to cancer (MAC) scale which measures several types of coping responses. Patient health

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Decreased incidence followed by comeback of pediatric infections during the COVID‑19 pandemic in Japan

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 564-567页

作者： Cyrus Ghaznavi Haruka Sakamoto Takayuki Kawashima Sayaka Horiuchi Masahiro Ishikane Sarah Krull Abe Daisuke Yoneoka Akifumi Eguchi Yuta Tanoue Masahiro Hashizume Shuhei Nomura Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio University35 ShinanomachiShinjuku-kuTokyo 160-8582Japan Medical Education Program Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSaint LouisUSA Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research TokyoJapan Department of Hygiene and Public Health Tokyo Women’s Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan Center for Birth Cohort Studies University of YamanashiYamanashiJapan Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan Division of Prevention National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer ControlTokyoJapan Infectious Disease Surveillance Center National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan Department of Sustainable Health Science Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan Institute for Business and Finance Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan

During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the Japanese government implemented several infection control measures,such as states of emergency(SoE)and school closures,and encouraged universal masking and hand *** activity restrictions and improved hygiene were found to be associated with declines in the incidence of infuenza during the 2019–2020 winter season[1].Prior studies have found that the incidence of seven pediatric infections,such as pharyngoconjunctivitis and varicella,decreased during and after the school closures in Japan[2].As activity restrictions continue to be lifted,there is growing concern that pediatric infections may suddenly return given that the pool of susceptible children increased during the pandemic[3].In this study,we use national infectious disease sentinel data from January 2012 to October 2021 to assess changes in the reported number of pediatric infections in Japan during the COVID-19 *** hypothesize that the reporting of many infectious diseases decreased during the early stages of the pandemic but ultimately returned to normal when activity restrictions were lifted.

关键词： closure return suddenly

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Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries (vol 55, pg 89, 2023)

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NATURE GENETICS 2023年第3期55卷 519-520页

作者： Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres Timofeeva, Maria Chen, Zhishan Law, Philip Thomas, Minta Schmit, Stephanie Diez-Obrero, Virginia Hsu, Li Fernandez-Tajes, Juan Palles, Claire Sherwood, Kitty Briggs, Sarah Svinti, Victoria Donnelly, Kevin Farrington, Susan Blackmur, James Vaughan-Shaw, Peter Shu, Xiao-ou Long, Jirong Cai, Qiuyin Guo, Xingyi Lu, Yingchang Broderick, Peter Studd, James Huyghe, Jeroen Harrison, Tabitha Conti, David Dampier, Christopher Devall, Mathew Schumacher, Fredrick Melas, Marilena Rennert, Gad Obon-Santacana, Mireia Martin-Sanchez, Vicente Moratalla-Navarro, Ferran Oh, Jae Hwan Kim, Jeongseon Jee, Sun Ha Jung, Keum Ji Kweon, Sun-Seog Shin, Min-Ho Shin, Aesun Ahn, Yoon-Ok Kim, Dong-Hyun Oze, Isao Wen, Wanqing Matsuo, Keitaro Matsuda, Koichi Tanikawa, Chizu Ren, Zefang Gao, Yu-Tang Jia, Wei-Hua Hopper, John Jenkins, Mark Win, Aung Ko Pai, Rish Figueiredo, Jane Haile, Robert Gallinger, Steven Woods, Michael Newcomb, Polly Duggan, David Cheadle, Jeremy Kaplan, Richard Maughan, Timothy Kerr, Rachel Kerr, David Kirac, Iva Bohm, Jan Mecklin, Lukka-Pekka Jousilahti, Pekka Knekt, Paul Aaltonen, Lauri Rissanen, Harri Pukkala, Eero Eriksson, Johan Cajuso, Tatiana Hanninen, Ulrika Kondelin, Johanna Palin, Kimmo Tanskanen, Tomas Renkonen-Sinisalo, Laura Zanke, Brent Mannisto, Satu Albanes, Demetrius Weinstein, Stephanie Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward Palmer, Julie Buchanan, Daniel Platz, Elizabeth Visvanathan, Kala Ulrich, Cornelia Siegel, Erin Brezina, Stefanie Gsur, Andrea Campbell, Peter Chang-Claude, Jenny Hoffmeister, Michael Brenner, Hermann Slattery, Martha Potter, John Tsilidis, Konstantinos Schulze, Matthias Gunter, Marc Murphy, Neil Castells, Antoni Castellvi-Bel, Sergi Moreira, Leticia Arndt, Volker Shcherbina, Anna Stern, Mariana Pardamean, Bens Bishop, Timothy Giles, Graham Southey, Melissa Idos, Gregory McDonnell, Kevin Abu-Ful, Zomoroda Greenson, Joel Shulman, Katerina Lejbkowicz, Flavio Offit, Kenneth Su, Yu-Ru Steinfelder, Robert Keku, Temitope van Guelpen, Bethany Hudson, Thomas Hampel, Heather Pearlman, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genomics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Genomic Medicine Group Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago Santiago de Compostela Spain Colon Cancer Genetics Group Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Danish Institute for Advanced Study Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Institute of Cancer Research London UK Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA Genomic Medicine Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Population and Cancer Prevention Program Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Cleveland OH USA Colorectal Cancer Group ONCOBELL Program Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain Oncology Data Analytics Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona Spain Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Department of Public Health Richard Doll Building University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA Department of Preventive Medicine USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Center for Public Health Genomics Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Department of Populat

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Epigenomics Genome-wide association studies Transcriptomics

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cancer screening information-seeking before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Preventive Oncology & Epidemiology 2024年第1期2卷

作者： Heather Platter Adaora Ezeani Travis Hyams Grace C. Huang William M.P. Klein Robin C. Vanderpool a Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USAb Office of the Associate Director Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA c Health Behaviors Research Branch Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA d Office of the Director Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA e Public Health and Epidemiology Westat Rockville MD USA b Office of the Associate Director Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA f Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine cancer screening; however, it is unclear whether the public’s cancer screening information-seeking behaviors changed. Our study examined cancer screening information-seeking before and after pandemic onset using data from the National cancer Institute’s cancer Information *** analyzed screening inquiries from general public users before (3/27/19–3/26/20) and after (3/27/20–3/26/21) pandemic onset. We examined point of access, subjects of interaction, and *** were more general public cancer screening inquiries made post-pandemic onset (n= 1069; 56.1%) compared to before (n= 837, 43.9%). Although the proportion of breast cancer screening inquiries increased after pandemic onset, inquiries for cervical, colorectal, and other cancers decreased. Telephone inquiries increased, whereas email and instant chat inquiries decreased. Inquiries regarding finding healthcare services and managing costs increased, whereas screening tests and other subjects decreased. Referrals increased for the National Breast and Cervical cancer Early Detection program and other national/community organizations. All differences were significant atp≤ .*** found potentially important changes in cancer screening information-seeking after pandemic onset, including increasing interest in breast cancer screening, yet decreasing interest in other cancer screening tests. Future work should evaluate how public health crises affect information seeking and influence intentions to screen for cancer.

关键词： Health information-seeking cancer screening COVID-19 pandemic

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Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk (vol 30, pg 349, 2021)

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2022年第5期30卷 630-631页

作者： Dareng, Eileen O. Tyrer, Jonathan P. Barnes, Daniel R. Jones, Michelle R. Yang, Xin Aben, Katja K. H. Adank, Muriel A. Agata, Simona Andrulis, Irene L. Anton-Culver, Hoda Antonenkova, Natalia N. Aravantinos, Gerasimos Arun, Banu K. Augustinsson, Annelie Balmana, Judith Bandera, Elisa V. Barkardottir, Rosa B. Barrowdale, Daniel Beckmann, Matthias W. Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia Benitez, Javier Bermisheva, Marina Bernardini, Marcus Q. Bjorge, Line Black, Amanda Bogdanova, Natalia V. Bonanni, Bernardo Borg, Ake Brenton, James D. Budzilowska, Agnieszka Butzow, Ralf Buys, Saundra S. Cai, Hui Caligo, Maria A. Campbell, Ian Cannioto, Rikki Cassingham, Hayley Chang-Claude, Jenny Chanock, Stephen J. Chen, Kexin Chiew, Yoke-Eng Chung, Wendy K. Claes, Kathleen B. M. Colonna, Sarah Cook, Linda S. Couch, Fergus J. Daly, Mary B. Dao, Fanny Davies, Eleanor de la Hoya, Miguel de Putter, Robin Dennis, Joe DePersia, Allison Devilee, Peter Diez, Orland Ding, Yuan Chun Doherty, Jennifer A. Domchek, Susan M. Dork, Thilo du Bois, Andreas Durst, Matthias Eccles, Diana M. Eliassen, Heather A. Engel, Christoph Evans, Gareth D. Fasching, Peter A. Flanagan, James M. Fortner, Renee T. Machackova, Eva Friedman, Eitan Ganz, Patricia A. Garber, Judy Gensini, Francesca Giles, Graham G. Glendon, Gord Godwin, Andrew K. Goodman, Marc T. Greene, Mark H. Gronwald, Jacek Hahnen, Eric Haiman, Christopher A. Hakansson, Niclas Hamann, Ute Hansen, Thomas V. O. Harris, Holly R. Hartman, Mikael Heitz, Florian Hildebrandt, Michelle A. T. Hogdall, Estrid Hogdall, Claus K. Hopper, John L. Huang, Ruea-Yea Huff, Chad Hulick, Peter J. Huntsman, David G. Imyanitov, Evgeny N. Isaacs, Claudine Jakubowska, Anna James, Paul A. Janavicius, Ramunas Jensen, Allan Johannsson, Oskar Th. John, Esther M. Jones, Michael E. Kang, Daehee Karlan, Beth Y. Karnezis, Anthony Kelemen, Linda E. Khusnutdinova, Elza Kiemeney, Lambertus A. Kim, Byoung-Gie Kjaer, Susanne K. Komenaka, Ian Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta Kurian, Allison W. Kwong, Ava Lambrechts, Diether Larson, Melissa C. Lazaro, Conxi L University of Cambridge Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary Care Cambridge UK University of Cambridge Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Oncology Cambridge UK Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen The Netherlands Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation Utrecht The Netherlands The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital Family Cancer Clinic Amsterdam The Netherlands Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit Padua Italy Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Toronto ON Canada University of Toronto Department of Molecular Genetics Toronto ON Canada University of California Irvine Department of Epidemiology Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute Irvine CA USA N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology Minsk Belarus ‘Agii Anargiri’ Cancer Hospital Athens Greece University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Breast Medical Oncology Houston TX USA Lund University Department of Cancer Epidemiology Clinical Sciences Lund Sweden Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology Hereditary cancer Genetics Group Barcelona Spain University Hospital of Vall d’Hebron Department of Medical Oncology Barcelona Spain Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Cancer Prevention and Control Program New Brunswick NJ USA Landspitali University Hospital Department of Pathology Reykjavik Iceland University of Iceland BMC (Biomedical Centre) Faculty of Medicine Reykjavik Iceland University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN Erlangen Germany Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Division of Epidemiology Department

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, “select and shrink for summary statistics” (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28–1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08–1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21–1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35–1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.

关键词： Clinical genetics Genetic markers Risk factors Biomedicine general Human Genetics Bioinformatics Gene Expression Cytogenetics

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Clinical Validation of a Personalized NHL-TME Model System: One-on-One Comparison between Modeled Drug Responses and Patients' Clinical Responses

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Blood 2024年 144卷 2214-2214页

作者： Shazia K. Nakhoda Pin Lu Tingwei Guo Denise Connelly Marcus Messmer Zachary AK Frosch Henry C. Fung Asya Varshavsky Yanovsky Y. Lynn Wang Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA Department of Hematology/Oncology； Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA Fox Chase Cancer Center Temple University Health System Philadelphia PA

Background Clinical outcomes for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are highly variable depending on patient characteristics, pathologic features, and genomic abnormalities. Despite efforts to personalize treatment decisions using next-generation sequencing, success has been limited due to the substantial genomic heterogeneity observed even among tumors of the same histologic subtype. To address the unmet needs of personalized treatment of NHL, we established ex vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) models by co-culturing bone marrow fibroblasts (BMF) plus B-cell growth factors with tumor cells from individual CLL patients (Lu et al. Blood cancer J 2021 ). Proliferation centers in the lymph nodes are the major histological sites for CLL pathogenesis, progression, and transformation (Soma et al. Hum Pathol, 2006 ). Our ex vivo TME models, with their ability to promote CLL proliferation, recapitulate this most salient cell behavior observed in vivo. In our initial validation with a cohort of 31 CLL patients, ex vivo drug responses ( EVR ) demonstrated strong correlation with individual patients' clinical responses to ibrutinib. Sensitive patients' cells exhibited sensitivity in the system, while resistant patients' cells behaved resistant. In our current study, we present additional validations of this model system, incorporating genomic and cytogenetic analyses, along with clinical correlations in patients with other NHL histologies, including Richter-transformed CLL and MCL. Methods & Results We found in our previous study (Lu et al) that the co-cultured CLL cells show characteristics typical of lymph node-resident CLL cells, including larger cell size and decreased cell surface CXCR4. Single cell RNA sequencing technology confirmed the downregulation of CXCR4 at the mRNA level. In addition, the co-cultured CLL cells exhibited increased MYC and E2F gene signatures, further supporting the fidelity of the ex vivo system in mimicking the lymph node TME. Additionally,

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Determining Filipinos’ Preferences for Colorectal cancer Screening Tests: Insights From a Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis

AJPM Focus

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AJPM Focus 2025年第1期4卷 100300-100300页

作者： Crochetiere, Austin Lauzon, Marie Chaplin, Antwon Almario, Christopher V. Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Biostatistics Shared Resource Cedars-Sinai Cancer Los Angeles California United States Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education (CS-CORE) Los Angeles California United States Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Division of Health Services Research Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Division of Informatics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Cancer Prevention & Control Program Cedars-Sinai Cancer Los Angeles California United States

Introduction: Filipinos in the U.S. have worse colorectal cancer screening rates and outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites, despite 85% of Filipinos being proficient in English and having insurance rates, education, and incomes that exceed those of the general population. To begin to address this disparity, the authors used conjoint analysis—a method that assesses complex decision making—to better understand Filipinos’ preferences for the different colorectal cancer screening test options. Methods: The authors conducted a conjoint analysis survey among unscreened Filipinos aged ≥40 years at average risk for colorectal cancer to determine the relative importance of screening test attributes in their decision making (e.g., modality, effectiveness at reducing colorectal cancer risk, bowel prep). The authors also performed simulations to estimate the proportion of people who would prefer to do an annual fecal immunochemical test or colonoscopy every 10 years for their screening. Results: Overall, 105 Filipinos completed the survey;most respondents were female (74.3%) and aged 40–49 years (84.8%). The authors observed that test modality was the most important factor in respondents’ decision making. After conducting simulations using the conjoint analysis data, the authors noted that 70 (66.7%) Filipinos preferred to do an annual fecal immunochemical test for their screening, whereas 35 (33.3%) wanted to do a colonoscopy every 10 years. Conclusions: The authors found that 2 in 3 Filipinos prefer fecal immunochemical test to colonoscopy for their colorectal cancer screening. To address colorectal cancer disparities in the Filipino community, investigators, health systems, public health agencies, and community organizations need to develop culturally tailored, sustainable interventions, and such programs may want to focus on improving education on and access to fecal immunochemical test. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： colorectal cancer screening disparities Filipino patient preference

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Differential Age-Related Declines in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality and Outcomes 2021年第4期5卷 743-752页

作者： Ortaglia, Andrew McDonald, Samantha M. Wirth, Michael D. Sui, Xuemei Bottai, Matteo Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Department of Foundational Sciences and Research School of Dental Medicine East Carolina University Greenville NC United States College of Nursing Cancer Prevention and Control Program Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Department of Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Division of Biostatistics Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Objective: To assess the extent to which the established age-related decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is augmented in adult men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants and Methods: This study used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, conducted between September 18, 1974, and August 3, 2006, in primarily non-Hispanic white, middle-to-upper class adults. The analyses were restricted to adult men with complete data on age, CRF, and T2DM (35,307 participants). Quantile regression models were used to estimate age-related differences in CRF, estimated using a maximal treadmill test, between persons with and without T2DM. Smoking status and birth cohort served as covariates. Results: Age-related declines in CRF were observed in men with and without T2DM. For men younger than 60 years, at low-mid percentiles of the CRF distribution the magnitude of the age-related decline in CRF was significantly higher (P-values=.00, .02) in men with T2DM than in those without T2DM. At upper percentiles, the decline with age between the 2 groups was virtually identical. Significant declines in CRF in men 45 years or younger were observed only at high levels of CRF for those without T2DM and at low levels of CRF for those with T2DM (P-values .00, .04). Conclusion: This study reported that men younger than 60 years with T2DM at the low-mid CRF percentiles experience an accelerated age-related decline in CRF. Men younger than 60 years with T2DM exhibiting high levels of CRF experienced a decline in CRF comparable to men without T2DM. This study highlights the importance of incorporating sufficient levels of exercise or activity to maintain high CRF in men with T2DM. © 2021 [Author/Employing Institution]

关键词： ACLS Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study CRF cardiorespiratory fitness NCD noncommunicable disease T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus V̇ o 2max maximum oxygen consumption

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Hair product use and urinary biomarker concentrations of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals among reproductive-aged Black women

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Chemosphere 2024年 361卷 142442页

作者： Schildroth, Samantha Geller, Ruth J. Wesselink, Amelia K. Lovett, Sharonda M. Bethea, Traci N. Claus Henn, Birgit Harmon, Quaker E. Taylor, Kyla M. Calafat, Antonia M. Wegienka, Ganesa Gaston, Symielle A. Baird, Donna D. Wise, Lauren A. Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health BostonMA United States Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Institute Washington DC United States Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health BostonMA United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNC United States National Toxicology Program National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NC United States Division of Laboratory Sciences Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA United States Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI United States

Background: Studies have shown an association between hair product use and adverse health outcomes. Scientists have hypothesized that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) drives these associations, but few studies have directly evaluated associations between hair product use and biomarkers of EDCs. Even more limited are studies of Black women, who frequently use EDC-containing products (e.g., hair relaxers). Objective: We estimated associations between hair product use and EDC biomarker concentrations. Methods: We leveraged cross-sectional data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of females aged 23–34 years who self-identified as Black/African American from the Detroit-metropolitan area (USA;n = 425). On structured questionnaires, participants reported their past 24-h and past 12-month use of hair products, including relaxers/straighteners/perms, styling products, moisturizers, oils, and hair food. We quantified urinary concentrations of 19 phthalate/phthalate alternative metabolites, 7 phenols, and 4 parabens using high performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. EDC biomarker concentrations were creatinine-adjusted and natural log-transformed. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate mean percent differences in EDC biomarker concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with hair product use, adjusting for sociodemographic confounders. Results: Hair product use was associated with greater concentrations of multiple EDC biomarkers. Notably, use of hair products in the previous 24 h (compared with non-use) was associated with 16.2% (95% CI = 0.7%, 35.9%), 35.0% (95% CI = 2.6%, 77.6%), and 32.3% (95% CI = 8.8%, 92.0%) higher concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate, methyl paraben, and ethyl paraben, respectively. Use of hair relaxers/straighteners/perms, styling products, moisturizers, oils, and hair food in the past 12 months was also associated with higher concent

关键词： Phenols

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Inequities in childhood cancer research: A scoping review

EJC Paediatric Oncology

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EJC Paediatric Oncology 2024年 4卷 100171-100171页

作者： Hunleth, Jean Burack, Sarah Kaufman, Lindsey Mohrmann, Caroline Shato, Thembekile Wiedenman, Eric Njelesani, Janet Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis St. Louis United States Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Washington University in St. Louis United States Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis United States Physician Learning Program Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Department of Occupational Therapy New York University New York United States

An integral part of understanding and then designing programs to reduce childhood cancer inequities includes adequate representation of people with cancer in research, including children. A scoping review was carried out to understand how cancer research is oriented toward inequities and to identify who has participated in childhood qualitative cancer research. A systematic search identified 119 qualitative studies that met inclusion criteria, with most studies taking place in high-income countries (n=84). Overall, data were lacking on social determinants of health at multiple levels—structural, household, child, and guardian. Only 29 studies reported on race and/or ethnicity, with the majority of those including predominantly or all white children. Six articles included socioeconomic information, and across most articles, attention was absent to the financial ramifications of cancer care. Limited reporting of sociodemographics highlights a broader issue of neglecting key demographics and social factors that contribute to inequities. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： cancer disparities Childhood cancer Pediatric cancer Qualitative research Scoping review

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