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Adiposity does not modify the effect of the dietary inflammatory potential on type 2 diabetes incidence among a prospective cohort of men

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Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism 2019年 16卷 100095-100095页

作者： Guinter, Mark A. Merchant, Anwar T. Tabung, Fred K. Wirth, Michael D. Shivappa, N. Hurley, Thomas G. Hebert, James R. Sui, Xuemei Blair, Steven N. Steck, Susan E. Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta GA United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH United States The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Institute Columbus OH United States Connecting Health Innovations LLC Columbia SC United States Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States

Purpose: Inflammatory contributions from diet and adiposity may interact with respect to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the degree to which adiposity modified the association between dietary inflammatory potential and incident T2DM. Methods: Data from 6,016 US men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed a 3-day diet record were used. The inflammatory potential of diet was characterized by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®), and adiposity was assessed with body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF) and waist-to-height ratio. Inverse probability weights were used in modified Poisson regression models to examine whether adiposity modifies the relationship between the DII and T2DM, while accounting for selection bias from participants who were lost to follow-up. Results: There were 336 incident cases of T2DM after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. DII scores were not significantly associated with T2DM incidence in multivariable models, but point estimates were consistently elevated across increasing DII quartiles compared to the most anti-inflammatory DII quartile. In the model that evaluated BF, the term for overall effect modification was significant (p = 0.02), but there was no evidence of effect modification on the multiplicative and additive scales when examined further. Effect modification was not present for any other adiposity measures. Conclusions: We did not observe evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet, as measured by the DII, is associated with incidence of T2DM, nor evidence that adiposity modifies a potential relationship. Further investigation is needed in larger cohorts with longer follow-up. © 2019 The Authors

关键词： Adiposity Dietary pattern Effect modification Epidemiology Inflammation Obesity

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Medical expenditure for esophageal cancer in China:a 10-year multicenter retrospective survey(2002-2011)

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Chinese Journal of cancer 2017年第11期36卷 548-559页

作者： Lan-Wei Guo Hui-Yao Huang Ju-Fang Shi Li-Hong Lv Ya-Na Bai A-Yan Mao Xian-Zhen Liao Guo-Xiang Liu Jian-Song Ren Xiao-Jie Sun Xin-Yu Zhu Jin-Yi Zhou Ji-Yong Gong Qi Zhou Lin Zhu Yu-Qin Liu Bing-Bing Song Ling-Bin Du Xiao-Jing Xing Pei-An Lou Xiao-Hua Sun Xiao Qi Shou-Ling Wu Rong Cao Li Lan Ying Ren Kai Zhang Jie He Jian.Gong Zhang Min Dai Department of Cancer Epidemiology Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Cancer Hospital No. 127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou 450008 Henan P. R China Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Peking Union Medical College National Cancer Center of China No. 17 Panjiayuannanli Chaoyang District Beijing 100021 P. R. China Department of Human Resources The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou 450008 Henan P. R. China Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 Gansu P. R. China Public Health Information Research Office Institute of Medical Information Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Beijing 100020 P. R. China Hunan Office for Cancer Control and Research Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital Changsha 410006 Hunan P. R. China Department of Health Economics School of Health Management Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 Heilongjiang P. R. China Center for Health Management and Policy Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong P. R. China Institute of Chronic Non.Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China Science and Education Department Public Health Division Shandong Tumor Hospital Jinan 250117 Shandong P. R. China Chongqing Office for Cancer Control and Research Chongqing Cancer Hospital Chongqing 400030 P. R. China Teaching and Research Department Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ürümqi 830011 Xinjiang P. R. China Cancer Epidemiology Research Center Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital Lanzhou 730050 Gansu P. R. China Heilongjiang Office for Cancer Control and Research Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 Heilongjiang P R. China Zhejiang Office for Cancer

Background: Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated ***: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the cancer Screening program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.155 USD) based on the2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for ***: A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27% was observed from 2002(25,111 CNY) to 2011(46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage Ⅰ,39,302 CNY for stage Ⅱ,40,353 CNY for stage Ⅲ, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases(P < 0.01). The expenditure also differed by the therapy type, which was 38,492 CNY for surgery, 27,933 CNY for radiotherapy, and 27,805 CNY for chemotherapy(P < 0.05).Drugs contributed to 45.02% of the overall ***: These conservative estimates suggested that medical expenditures for esophageal cancer in China substantially increased in the last 10 years, treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer costs less than that for advanced cases, and spending on drugs continued to account for a considerable proportion of the overall expenditure.

关键词： Esophageal neoplasms Medical expenditure Diagnosis and treatment China

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the cancer Care Continuum (vol 68, pg 64, 2018)

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CA-A cancer JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS 2018年第3期68卷 232-232页

作者： Demark-Wahnefried, W. Schmitz, K. H. Alfano, C. M. Bail, J. R. Goodwin, P. J. Thomson, C. A. Bradley, D. W. Courneya, K. S. Befort, C. A. Denlinger, C. S. Ligibel, J. A. Dietz, W. H. Stolley, M. R. Irwin, M. L. Bamman, M. M. Apovian, C. M. Pinto, B. M. Wolin, K. Y. Ballard, R. M. Dannenberg, A. J. Eakin, E. G. Longjohn, M. M. Raffa, S. D. Adams-Campbell, L. L. Buzaglo, J. S. Nass, S. J. Massetti, G. M. Balogh, E. P. Kraft, E. S. Parekh, A. K. Sanghavi, D. M. Morris, G. S. Basen-Engquist, K. Professor of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL. Professor of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey PA. Vice President Survivorship American Cancer Society Inc. Washington DC. Post-Doctoral Fellow Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL. Professor of Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at the University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. Professor of Health Promotion Sciences Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona Tucson AZ. Associate Consulting Professor Community and Family Medicine Duke School of Medicine Durham NC. Professor of Physical Education and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada. Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS. Associate Professor of Hematology/Oncology Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA. Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA. Chair Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness George Washington University Washington DC. Professor of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI. Professor of Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT. Professor of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL. Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA. Professor of Nursing University of South Carolina Columbia SC. CEO Coeus Health Chicago IL. Director Prevention Research Coordination Office of Disease Prevention Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD. Professor of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY. Professor and Director Cancer Prevention Research Centre School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia. Vice President and National Health Officer YMCA of the USA Chicago IL. Nation

Mounting evidence suggests that weight management and physical activity (PA) improve overall health and well being, and reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. Although many opportunities exist to include weight management and PA in routine cancer care, several barriers remain. This review summarizes key topics addressed in a recent National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine workshop entitled, "Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the cancer Care Continuum." Discussions related to body weight and PA among cancer survivors included: 1) current knowledge and gaps related to health outcomes; 2) effective intervention approaches; 3) addressing the needs of diverse populations of cancer survivors; 4) opportunities and challenges of workforce, care coordination, and technologies for program implementation; 5) models of care; and 6) program coverage. While more discoveries are still needed for the provision of optimal weight-management and PA programs for cancer survivors, obesity and inactivity currently jeopardize their overall health and quality of life. Actionable future directions are presented for research; practice and policy changes required to assure the availability of effective, affordable, and feasible weight management; and PA services for all cancer survivors as a part of their routine cancer care. CA cancer J Clin 2018;68:64-89. © 2017 American cancer Society.

关键词： nutrition physical activity supportive care survivorship weight management

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Relationships between the inflammatory potential of the diet, aging and anthropometric measurements in a cross-sectional study in Pakistan

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Nutrition and Healthy Aging 2018年第4期4卷 335-343页

作者： Alam, Iftikhar Shivappa, Nitin Hebert, James R. Pawelec, Graham Larbi, Anis Department of Community Health Sciences Clinical Nutrition Program College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University King Abdullah Street Saudi Arabia Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Bacha Khan University Charsadda KPK Pakistan Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung University of Tübingen Waldhörnlestraße 22 Tübingen Germany Health Sciences North Research Institute Sudbury ON Canada Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) Biopolis Agency for Science Technology and Research (A STAR) Singapore Singapore Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences El-Manar University Tunis Tunisia

BACKGROUND: Little is known about associations between dietary inflammation, age and anthropometric measurements. OBJECTIVE: In this regard, we examine how DII is related to age, anthropometrics [weight, Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR)] and other parameters of nutrition (energy, protein, fats and cholesterol intake, Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP) and Phytochemical Index (PI)) in a cross-sectional study in Pakistan. DESIGN: Only men (n = 651, age 54-95 years) participated in the study. Anthropometric data were collected using standard methods. DII was calculated from nutrients derived from 24-hr Dietary Recall questionnaires. NEAP and PI were calculated by established algorithms using information on nutrient intake. RESULTS: The results show that with increasing age, there was a significant increase in the DII score (p < 0.05). Similarly significant positive correlations were found between DII score and weight, BMI, WHR and % BF (p, for all trends < 0.05). DII score significantly positively correlated with the dietary factors studied i.e. energy, protein, and fats (p, for all trends < 0.0001) but non-significantly with cholesterol (p > 0.05). Similarly, a significant positive correlation with NEAP (p < 0.0001) was found, but negative with PI (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present study shows direct positive correlations between the DII, age and indices of obesity, and thus supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms in elderly. © 2018 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aging anthropometrics diet dietary inflammatory index (DII) inflammation

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Male Inmates in the Largest Prison of Eastern Nepal

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Tuberculosis research and treatment 2019年第1期2019卷 3176167页

作者： Gambhir Shrestha Deepak Kumar Yadav Rabin Gautam Rashmi Mulmi Dharanidhar Baral Paras Kumar Pokharel Department of Cancer Prevention Control and Research B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal. School of Public Health and Community Medicine B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Sunsari Nepal. National Tuberculosis Program Health Research and Social Development Forum Thapathali Kathmandu Nepal.

INTRODUCTION:The prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is much higher in the prison population than in the general population. This study aims to find out the prevalence of PTB and its associated factors among inmates in eastern Nepal. METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jhumka Regional Prison, the largest male prison of Eastern Nepal from September 2014 to August 2015. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to identify individuals with a cough more than one-week duration among 434 randomly selected inmates. Screening of PTB was done by sputum smear test and/or GeneXpert test. Prevalence of TB was defined as the number of cases detected during the study period divided by the total number of inmates screened during that period. Fisher's exact test was used to find out the association of PTB with related variables. RESULTS:A total of 434 inmates were screened for PTB with mean age 35.7 years and body mass index 22.7 kg/m. A total of 68 inmates had a productive cough of more than a week and two patients were already on anti-tuberculosis therapy at the time of screening. Sixty sputum samples were considered for sputum smear/GeneXpert test and 6 of them (10%) had positive results. The prevalence of TB in the Prison was 1843/100,000 population. Chest pain and abnormal chest auscultation findings were found to be significantly associated with PTB. CONCLUSIONS:This study showed that there was a high rate of PTB among inmates in Nepal. The results suggest a need for effective screening of PTB and strategies to improve management including reduction of PTB transmission in the prison.

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Publisher Correction: Early-onset colorectal cancer: initial clues and current views

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Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2020年第8期17卷 517页

作者： Lorne J Hofseth James R Hebert Anindya Chanda Hexin Chen Bryan L Love Maria M Pena E Angela Murphy Mathew Sajish Amit Sheth Phillip J Buckhaults Franklin G Berger Center for Colon Cancer Research University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. hofseth@cop.sc.edu. Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. hofseth@cop.sc.edu. Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. hofseth@cop.sc.edu. Center for Colon Cancer Research University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Environmental Health Sciences Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Pathology Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Iran in transition (vol 393, pg 1984, 2019)

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LANCET 2019年第10186期393卷 2124-2124页

作者： Danaei, G. Farzadfar, F. Kelishadi, R. [a]Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA [b]Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA [c]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [d]Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [e]Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [f]Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [g]Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [h]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [i]School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [j]Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Te

Summary Being the second-largest country in the Middle East, Iran has a long history of civilisation during which several dynasties have been overthrown and established and health-related structures have been reorganised. Iran has had the replacement of traditional practices with modern medical treatments, emergence of multiple pioneer scientists and physicians with great contributions to the advancement of science, environmental and ecological changes in addition to large-scale natural disasters, epidemics of multiple communicable diseases, and the shift towards non-communicable diseases in recent decades. Given the lessons learnt from political instabilities in the past centuries and the approaches undertaken to overcome health challenges at the time, Iran has emerged as it is today. Iran is now a country with a population exceeding 80 million, mainly inhabiting urban regions, and has an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignancies, mental disorders, substance abuse, and road injuries.

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Author Correction: Multiplexed CRISPR-based microfluidic platform for clinical testing of respiratory viruses and identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Nature medicine 2024年第1期30卷 307页

作者： Nicole L Welch Meilin Zhu Catherine Hua Juliane Weller Marzieh Ezzaty Mirhashemi Tien G Nguyen Sreekar Mantena Matthew R Bauer Bennett M Shaw Cheri M Ackerman Sri Gowtham Thakku Megan W Tse Jared Kehe Marie-Martine Uwera Jacqueline S Eversley Derek A Bielwaski Graham McGrath Joseph Braidt Jeremy Johnson Felecia Cerrato Gage K Moreno Lydia A Krasilnikova Brittany A Petros Gabrielle L Gionet Ewa King Richard C Huard Samantha K Jalbert Michael L Cleary Nicholas A Fitzgerald Stacey B Gabriel Glen R Gallagher Sandra C Smole Lawrence C Madoff Catherine M Brown Matthew W Keller Malania M Wilson Marie K Kirby John R Barnes Daniel J Park Katherine J Siddle Christian T Happi Deborah T Hung Michael Springer Bronwyn L MacInnis Jacob E Lemieux Eric Rosenberg John A Branda Paul C Blainey Pardis C Sabeti Cameron Myhrvold Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. nicole_welch@g.harvard.edu. Harvard Program in Virology Division of Medical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. nicole_welch@g.harvard.edu. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK. Harvard Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Division of Health Sciences and Technology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA. Harvard/Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD-PhD Program Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. State Health Laboratories Rhode Island Department of Health Providence RI USA. Massachusetts Department of Public Health Boston MA USA. Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases Redeemer's University Ede Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences College of Natural Sciences Redeemer's University Ede Nigeria. Molecular Biology Department and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA USA. Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. pardis

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