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MOTH- Mobility-induced Outages in THz: A Beyond 5G (B5G) application

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MOTH- Mobility-induced Outages in THz: A Beyond 5G (B5G) app...

Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC IEEE

作者： Rohit Singh Douglas Sicker Kazi Mohammed Saidul Huq Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Instituto de Telecomunicaes Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781728138930

ISBN: (纸本)9781728138947

5G will enable the growing demand for Internet of Things (IoT), high-resolution video streaming, and low latency wireless services. Demand for such services is expected to growth rapid, which will require a search for Beyond 5G technological advancements in wireless communications. Part of these advancements is the need for additional spectrum, namely moving toward the terahertz (THz) range. To compensate for the high path loss in THz, narrow beamwidths are used to improve antenna gains. However, with narrow beamwidths, even minor fluctuations in device location (such as through body movement) can cause frequent link failures due to beam misalignment. In this paper, we provide a solution to these small-scale indoor movement that result in mobility-induced outages. Like a moth randomly flutters about, Mobility-induced Outages in THz (MOTH) can be ephemeral in nature and hard to avoid. To deal with MOTH we propose two methods to predict these outage scenarios: (i) Align-After-Failure (AAF), which predicts based on fixed time margins, and (ii) Align-Before-Failure (ABF), which learns the time margins through user mobility patterns. In this paper, two different online classifiers were used to train the ABF model to predicate if a mobility-induced outage is going to occur; thereby, significantly reducing the time spent in outage scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate a relationship between optimal beamwidth and human mobility patterns. Additionally, to cater to a future with dense deployment of Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), it is necessary that we have efficient deployment of resources (e.g., THz-APs). One solution is to maximize the user coverage for a single AP, which might be dependent on multiple parameters. We identify these parameters and observe their tradeoffs for improving user coverage through a single THz-AP.

关键词： 5G mobile communication personal area networks telecommunication network reliability Personal area networks telecommunication network reliability terahertz Beam width Wireless personal area networks path loss body movement Moth

Relationship among state reopening policies, health outcomes and economic recovery through first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ligo, Alexandre K. Mahoney, Emerson Cegan, Jeffrey Trump, Benjamin D. Jin, Andrew S. Kitsak, Maksim Keenan, Jesse Linkov, Igor US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center ConcordMA United States University of Virginia Department of Engineering Systems and Environment CharlottesvilleVA United States Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft Netherlands Carnegie Mellon University Department of Engineering and Public Policy PittsburghPA United States Tulane University School of Architecture New OrleansLA United States

State governments in the U.S. have been facing difficult decisions involving tradeoffs between economic and health-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of government-mandated restrictions mitigating the spread of contagion, these orders are stigmatized due to undesirable economic consequences. This tradeoff resulted in state governments employing mandates at widely different ways. We compare the different policies states implemented during periods of restriction ("lockdown") and reopening with indicators of COVID-19 spread and consumer card spending at each state during the first "wave" of the pandemic in the U.S. between March and August 2020. We find that while some states enacted reopening decisions when the incidence rate of COVID-19 was minimal or sustained in its relative decline, other states relaxed socioeconomic restrictions near their highest incidence and prevalence rates experienced so far. Nevertheless, all states experienced similar trends in consumer card spending recovery, which was strongly correlated with reopening policies following the lockdowns and relatively independent from COVID-19 incidence rates at the time. Our findings suggest that consumer card spending patterns can be attributed to government mandates rather than COVID-19 incidence in the states. We estimate the recovery in states that reopened in late April was more than the recovery in states that did not reopen in the same period – 15% for consumer card spending and 18% for spending by high income households. This result highlights the important role of state policies in minimizing health impacts while promoting economic recovery and helps planning effective interventions in subsequent waves and immunization efforts. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： SARS

GSLB: the graph structure learning benchmark 23

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GSLB: the graph structure learning benchmark

Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Zhixun Li Liang Wang Xin Sun Yifan Luo Yanqiao Zhu Dingshuo Chen Yingtao Luo Xiangxin Zhou Qiang Liu Shu Wu Jeffrey Xu Yu Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy Machine Learning Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University

Graph Structure Learning (GSL) has recently garnered considerable attention due to its ability to optimize both the parameters of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and the computation graph structure simultaneously. Despite the proliferation of GSL methods developed in recent years, there is no standard experimental setting or fair comparison for performance evaluation, which creates a great obstacle to understanding the progress in this field. To fill this gap, we systematically analyze the performance of GSL in different scenarios and develop a comprehensive Graph Structure Learning Benchmark (GSLB) curated from 20 diverse graph datasets and 16 distinct GSL algorithms. Specifically, GSLB systematically investigates the characteristics of GSL in terms of three dimensions: effectiveness, robustness, and complexity. We comprehensively evaluate state-of-the-art GSL algorithms in node- and graph-level tasks, and analyze their performance in robust learning and model complexity. Further, to facilitate reproducible research, we have developed an easy-to-use library for training, evaluating, and visualizing different GSL methods. Empirical results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the ability of GSL and reveal its potential benefits on various downstream tasks, offering insights and opportunities for future research. The code of GSLB is available at: https://***/GSL-Benchmark/GSLB.

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Assessing and enhancing standards education for environmental management and sustainability 125

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Assessing and enhancing standards education for environmenta...

125th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Matthews, Deanna H. Matthews, H. Scott Carnegie Mellon University Department of Engineering and Public Policy United States Carnegie Mellon University Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Green Design Institute United States

In this work, we discuss the process and outcome of incorporating standards education into courses on environmental management and sustainability. The research involved a pre-assessment of student knowledge about the ISO 14040 Life cycle Assessment standards, examining the coverage of standards materials in courses, and assessing gains in standards knowledge through a post-assessment. Participants included students from several universities where courses in LCA, environmental management and sustainability are taught annually. Each course uses the same on-line textbook to teach various concepts associated with LCA. over the period of research, we expanded and enhanced the content related to engineering standards, the standards making process and organizations, the ISO 14040 LCA standards, and its uses in professional practice. Comparisons are made in individual student gains pre- and post-course, and in cohort gains prior to changing the content in the textbook. This work helped to fill a gap in teaching environmental performance assessment by formalizing curricular elements associate with the development of the underlying standards, as well as how those standards enable the comparative assessments of processes, products, and companies. This will allow many people, beginning at the undergraduate level, to understand the important role that standards have played, and continue to play, in this domain. They will also see how the critical interconnected development of standards and practice are enabling innovative sustainable opportunities to understand and improve environmental performance. © American Society for engineering Education, 2018.

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Parameter Modeling for Small-Scale Mobility in Indoor THz Communication

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Parameter Modeling for Small-Scale Mobility in Indoor THz Co...

IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Rohit Singh Douglas Sicker Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728109626

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109633

Despite such challenges as high path loss and equipment cost, THz communication is becoming one of the potentially viable means through which ultra-high data rate can be achieved. To compensate for the high path loss, we present parameter modeling for indoor THz communication. To maximize efficient and opportunistic use of resources, we analyze the potential workarounds for a single access point to satisfy most of the mobile terminals by varying such parameters as humidity, distance, frequency windows, beamwidths, antenna placement, and user mobility type. One promising parameter is antenna beamwidth, where narrower beams results in higher antenna gain. However, this can lead to "beamwidth dilemma" scenario, where narrower beamwidth can result in significant outages due to device mobility and orientation. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting a mobility model that performs an extensive analysis of different human mobility scenarios, where each scenario has different data rate demands and movement patterns. We observe that for mobile users, there are optimal beamwidths that are affected by the mobility type (high mobility, constrained mobility, and low mobility) and AP placement.

关键词： Throughput Bandwidth Mathematical model Games Data models Aperture antennas

No COVID-19 climate silver lining in the US power sector

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Luke, Max Somani, Priyanshi Cotterman, Turner Suri, Dhruv Lee, Stephen J. Nera Economic Consulting BostonMA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Karnataka India Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Karnataka India Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

Recent studies conclude that the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic decreased power sector CO2emissions globally and in the United States. In this paper, we analyze the statistical significance of CO2emissions reductions in the U.S. power sector from March through December 2020. We use Gaussian process (GP) regression to assess whether CO2emissions reductions would have occurred with reasonable probability in the absence of COVID-19 considering uncertainty due to factors unrelated to the pandemic and adjusting for weather, seasonality, and recent emissions trends. We find that monthly CO2emissions reductions are only statistically significant in April and May 2020 considering hypothesis tests at 5% significance levels. Separately, we consider the potential impact of COVID- 19 on coal-fired power plant retirements through 2022. We find that only a small percentage of U.S. coal power plants are at risk of retirement due to a possible COVID-19-related sustained reduction in electricity demand and prices. We observe and anticipate a return to pre-COVID-19 CO2emissions in the U.S. power sector. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal

The economics of utility-scale portable energy storage systems in a high-renewable grid

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arXiv 2020年

作者： He, Guannan Michalek, Jeremy Kar, Soummya Chen, Qixin Zhang, Da Whitacre, Jay F. MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Beijing China MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Summary: Battery storage is expected to play a crucial role in the low-carbon transformation of energy systems. The deployment of battery storage in the power gird, however, is currently severely limited by its low economic viability, which results from not only high capital costs but also the lack of flexible and efficient utilization schemes and business models. Making utility-scale battery storage portable through trucking unlocks its capability to provide various on-demand services. We introduce the potential applications of utility-scale portable energy storage and investigate its economics in California using a spatiotemporal decision model that determines the optimal operation and transportation schedules of portable storage. We show that mobilizing energy storage can increase its life-cycle revenues by 70% in some areas and improve renewable energy integration by relieving local transmission congestion. The life-cycle revenue of spatiotemporal arbitrage can fully compensate for the costs of portable energy storage system in several regions in California, including San Diego and the San Francisco Bay Area. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

Parameter Modeling for Small-Scale Mobility in Indoor THz Communication

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Singh, Rohit Sicker, Douglas Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

Reliable THz Communications for Outdoor based Applications- Use Cases and Methods

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Singh, Rohit Sicker, Douglas Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States

Future (beyond 5G) wireless networks will demand high throughput and low latency and would benefit from greenfield, contiguous, and wider bandwidth, all of which THz spectrum can provide. Although THz has been envisioned to be deployed in an indoor setting, with proper enforcement and planning, we can draw a limited number of use cases for outdoor THz communication. THz can provide high capacity and ultra-high throughput but at the cost of high path loss and sensitivity to device orientation/mobility.. We identify scenarios where the use of the THz spectrum for an outdoor setting is justified and their critical operating parameters. We further categorize the applications based on the relative mobility between the access point (AP) and user equipment (UE). We present an approach for deploying THz on an outdoor framework by presenting preliminary technical parameter analysis for scenarios, like wireless backhaul, high-speed kiosks, and the aerial base station (ABS). Our preliminary analysis shows that the application for each of these scenarios is limited based on multiple parameters, such as distance, device mobility, device orientation, user geometry, antenna gain, and environment settings, which requires separate consideration and optimization. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antennas