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2012 ACM Conference on computer and Communications Security, CCS 2012

作者： Bravo-Lillo, Cristian Cranor, Lorrie Downs, Julie Komanduri, Saranga Schechter, Stuart Sleeper, Manya Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University United States Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University United States Social and Decision Science Carnegie Mellon University United States Microsoft Research Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450316507

When asking users to enter credentials, today's desktop operating systems often use windows that provide scant evidence that a trusted path has been established;evidence that would allow a user to know that a request is genuine and that the password will not be read by untrusted principals. We measure the efficacy of web-based attacks that spoof these operating system credential-entry windows to steal users' device-login passwords. We recruited 504 users of Amazon's Mechanical Turk to evaluate a series of games on third-party websites. The third such website indicated that it needed to install software from the publisher that provided the participants' operating system: Microsoft's Silverlight for Windows Vista/7 users and Apple's QuickTime for Mac OS users. The website then displayed a spoofed replica of a window the participant's client operating system would use to request a user's device credentials. In our most effective attacks, over 20% of participants entered passwords that they later admitted were the genuine credentials used to login to their devices. Even among those who declined to enter their credentials, many participants were oblivious to the spoofing attack. Participants were more likely to confirm that they were worried about the consequences of installing software from a legitimate source than to report that they thought the credential-entry window might have appeared as a result of an attempt to steal their password. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Websites

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Generation Cost and System Risk Trade-Off with Corrective Power Flow Control

Generation Cost and System Risk Trade-Off with Corrective Po...

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Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing

作者： Gabriela Hug Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345378

Increased penetration of renewable generation and the liberalization of electricity markets result in increasingly varying power flows in the electric power system. This has led to increased occurrences of congestions which are mostly resolved by dispatching generation in an economically suboptimal way. In this paper, we use power flow control to render the system more flexible by providing the capability of rerouting power to lines where sufficient capacity is available. The objective is to minimize a combination of generation cost and a risk-based security index as opposed to formulating a traditional security constrained economic dispatch. In addition, corrective actions by the power flow control devices are used to allow for a less conservative generation dispatch resulting in reduced generation costs while maintaining system security in case of a contingency. Simulation results provide insights into the benefits provided by corrective power flow control in such a trade-off between generation cost and system risk.

关键词： Security Reliability Generators Economics Simulation Power transmission lines Optimization

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Peer Influence and Homophily in the Diffusion of the iPhone 3G in a Very Large Social Network

Peer Influence and Homophily in the Diffusion of the iPhone ...

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IEEE International Conference on and IEEE International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom) Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT)

作者： Miguel Godinho de Matos Pedro A. Ferreira David Krackhardt Departtnent of Electrical and Computer Engineering Instituto Superior Tecnico Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Heinz School of Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University

This paper studies the effects of peer influence and homophily on the diffusion of the iPhone 3G across a number of communities sampled from a large dataset from a major European Mobile carrier in one country. We use Stochastic Actor Based Models to capture the co-evolution of the social network as well as the dynamics of adoption. This helps to separate the roles of homophily and peer influence in the process of diffusion. We provide evidence that the propensity of a subscriber to adopt, when she is called upon to make a decision about whether she should adopt, increases with the number of friends that have already adopted. A one standard deviation increase above the mean in the number of friends that had already adopted increases the likelihood odds of adoption relative to no adoption by a factor of 2.8. The effect of peer influence is robust across a number of different specifications. The results for the effect of homophily are less clear. While, on average, we find a positive significant effect of adoption on tie formation, in many communities this effect is significant and negative and in others there is no effect at all.

关键词： Communities Telephone sets Social network services Correlation Mobile communication Educational institutions Europe

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Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

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Diagnostic and prognostic research 2017年第1期1卷 11页

作者： Gowri Gopalakrishna Miranda Langendam Rob Scholten Patrick Bossuyt Mariska Leeflang Anna Noel-Storr James Thomas Iain Marshall Byron Wallace Penny Whiting Clare Davenport Gowri GopalaKrishna Isabel de Salis Sue Mallett Robert Wolff Richard Riley Marie Westwood Jos Kleinen Gary Collins Hans Reitsma Karel Moons Antonia Zapf Annika Hoyer Katharina Kramer Oliver Kuss J Ensor J J Deeks E C Martin R D Riley Gerta Rücker Susanne Steinhauser Martin Schumacher Joie Ensor Kym Snell Brian Willis Thomas Debray Jon Deeks Lavinia Ferrante di Ruffano Sian Taylor-Phillips Chris Hyde Stuart A Taylor Gauraang Batnagar Lavinia Ferrante Di Ruffano Farah Seedat Aileen Clarke Sarah Byron Frances Nixon Rebecca Albrow Thomas Walker Carla Deakin Zhivko Zhelev Harriet Hunt Yaling Yang Lucy Abel James Buchanan Thomas Fanshawe Bethany Shinkins Laure Wynants Jan Verbakel Sabine Van Huffel Dirk Timmerman Ben Van Calster Aeliko Zwinderman Jason Oke Jack O'Sullivan Rafael Perera Brian Nicholson Hannah L Bromley Tracy E Roberts Adele Francis Denniis Petrie G Bruce Mann Kinga Malottki Holly Smith Lucinda Billingham Alice Sitch Oke Gerke Mie Holm-Vilstrup Eivind Antonsen Segtnan Ulrich Halekoh Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen Bernard G Francq Jac Dinnes Julie Parkes Walter Gregory Jenny Hewison Doug Altman William Rosenberg Peter Selby Julien Asselineau Paul Perez Aïssatou Paye Emilie Bessede Cécile Proust-Lima Christiana Naaktgeboren Joris de Groot Anne Rutjes Johannes Reitsma Emmanuel Ogundimu Jonathan Cook Yannick Le Manach Yvonne Vergouwe Romin Pajouheshnia Rolf Groenwold Karen Moons Linda Peelen Daan Nieboer Bavo De Cock Micael J Pencina Ewout W Steyerberg Jennifer Cooper Nick Parsons Chris Stinton Steve Smith Andy Dickens Rachel Jordan Alexandra Enocson David Fitzmaurice Peymane Adab Charles Boachie Gaj Vidmar Karoline Freeman Martin Connock Rachel Court Carl Moons Jessica Harris Andrew Mumford Zoe Plummer Kurtis Lee Barnaby Reeves Chris Rogers Veerle Verheyden Gianni D Angelini Gavin J Murphy Jeremy Huddy Melody Ni Katherine Good Graham Cooke 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 2Cochrane Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands. 234Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 49Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 3Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group University of Oxford Oxford UK. 4EPPI-Centre Department of Social Science University College London London UK. 5Division of Health and Social Care Research King's College London London UK. 6College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University Boston USA. 13University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust School of Social and Community Medicine Bristol UK. 275Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. 9Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 10School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK. 179Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. 12Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd York UK. 25Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences Keele University Keele UK. 188Centre for Statistics in Medicine Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK. 191Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands. 237Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands. 18Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany. 19Institute for B

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.].

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Small signal stability and centralized control design of modern distribution systems

Small signal stability and centralized control design of mod...

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43rd North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2011

作者： Honarvar Nazari, Masoud Electrical and Computer Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704192

This paper investigates small signal stability and designing advanced centralized control to enhance robustness and dynamic performance of a modern distribution system with high penetration of distributed generators (DG). The paper mainly concerns comparison of classical, H2 and H ∞ control strategies on system stability. The target performance is to satisfy stability of the system and improve nominal performance of DGs. Therefore, first we design a base controller for the system using classic control. Then, H2 and H∞ control systems are designed in order to warrant both nominal stability and dynamic performance of the system. Finally, the results of three control strategies are compared and the general findings of the paper are discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Integrated control

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PMU based transient stabilization using FACTS

PMU based transient stabilization using FACTS

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2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, PSCE 2011

作者： Cvetković, Miloš Ilić, Marija Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Carnegie Mellon University Electrical and Computer Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Departments Pittsburgh PA United States Control of Future Electricity Network Operations at Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847870

Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have great potential for stabilizing response of the power grid to the large disturbances. A combination of both technologies can result in very powerful near-real time sensing and control capable of monitoring and counteracting the effects of very fast disturbances. In this paper we propose fast switching of FACTS devices which is guaranteed to transiently stabilize the system using very fast and accurate PMU measurements. The nonlinear control law proposed in this paper is based and designed upon understanding the physical system-wide effects of a fault. The control law can be interpreted in terms of controling stored energy flow dynamics and it is also derived using energy-based high gain control methods for nonlinear systems. As such, it is entirely scalable and applicable to any size system. The location of PMUs and the design of systemwide communications for given locations of FACTS devices is directly determined using the designed control law. FACTS control of this type would not be possible without having the accuracy and sampling rate of PMUs. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Phasor measurement units

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Costs and benefits of transmission congestion management

Costs and benefits of transmission congestion management

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2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, PSCE 2011

作者： Ilić, Marija D. Bachovchin, Kevin D. Lewis, Amelia S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Departments United States Control of Future Electricity Network Operations Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847870

Transmission congestion is a major economic and reliability concern in today's electric power systems. However, as the industry undergoes changes, it becomes critically important to better understand the fundamental role of transmission and its technical and financial effects on the electricity provision. Thermal limits, voltage drop regulation, and voltage stability limits are among the most common causes of transmission congestion. In order to relieve congestion, new transmission can be built or reactive power control can be installed. In this paper, simple power systems are analyzed in order to compare costs of different ways of reducing congestion. The length of a transmission line determines the cause and the most cost effective solution. For short lines, the thermal limit is the limiting factor in determining the maximum power flow and building new transmission is the only effective solution. For longer lines, the voltage drop regulation is the limiting factor and adding a shunt capacitor is the most cost effective solution. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Robust state-estimation procedure using a least trimmed squares pre-processor

Robust state-estimation procedure using a least trimmed squa...

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2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT 2011

作者： Weng, Yang Negi, Rohit Liu, Qixing Ilić, Marija D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Departments United States Department of Control of Future Electricity Network Operations Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781612842189

Based on real-time measurements, Static State Estimation serves as the foundation for monitoring and controlling the power grid. The popular weighted least squares with largest normalized residual removed, gives satisfactory performance when dealing with single or multiple uncorrelated bad data. However, when the bad data are correlated or bounded, this estimator has poor performance in detecting bad data, which leads to erroneous deleting of normal measurements. Similar to the Least Trimmed Squares(LTS) method of robust statistics, this paper considers a state estimator built on random sampling. However, different from previous robust estimators, which stop after estimation, we regard the LTS estimator as a pre-processor to detect bad data. A subsequent post-processor is employed to eliminate bad data and re-estimate the state. The new method has been tested on the IEEE standard power networks with random bad data insertions, showing improved performance over other proposed estimators. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： IEEE Standards

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The Challenge of IT-Enabled policy Design for Sustainable Electric Energy Systems

The Challenge of IT-Enabled Policy Design for Sustainable El...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Marija D. Ilic Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Engineering Public Policy (EPP) at Carnegie Mellon University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710001

This paper concerns complex interactions between the regulators, system operators/owners and the candidate investors in new technologies. It is proposed that an effective interactive framework should be put in place for decision-making that enables choice and it also meets the social objectives. Given the complexity of the electric energy systems this process can no longer be based on blue print rules supported by coarse scenario analysis. It requires, instead, Information Technology (IT) enabled dynamic and interactive modeling and decision making by all industry stakeholders. In addition, the process requires a design of regulatory rights, rules and responsibilities (3Rs) for binding interactions that must be communicated between different industry participants. Moreover, it is suggested that the coarse National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) can no longer support the design of 3Rs. Instead, an Energy Temporal and Spatial Kit (ENTASK) is proposed to interactively link with the NEMS model that is well understood by the policy makers at present. An ENTASK-like tool is essential for facilitating public policy decision makers in assessing potential of diverse technologies while designing the 3Rs for the industry. The 3Rs must be binding as they have major financial, technical and economic implications. It is described how such an interactive IT-enabled decision making framework could support near-optimal investments in infrastructures needed to meet the social objectives. Perhaps most striking is the observation that such a framework facilitates novel ways of integrating while enabling choice.

关键词： ENERGY SYSTEMS electrical energy Interactive information technology policy Makers Nanoelectromechanical Systems decision makers Frameworks INFRASTRUCTURE decision making

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Operating-Conditions and Decisions-Driven Test Systems (OCDTS)

Operating-Conditions and Decisions-Driven Test Systems (OCDT...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Marija D. Ilic Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Engineering Public Policy (EPP) at Carnegie Mellon University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710001

In this paper we stress that currently available test systems were developed by making major assumptions at the time when this was realistic to do. These test systems are only building blocks of a much larger puzzle that needs to be simulated and tested in the changing electric energy industry. It is practically impossible to integrate several test systems once developed in a stand-alone way into a more functional test systems capable of answering badly needed questions about system performance in the actual operations and over the prolonged periods of time when the conditions vary significantly and are often driven by the decisions along the way. We suggest that test systems for emulating the actual system operation, as well as for guiding the operator to make decisions according to multiple performance objectives are going to be essential to support integration of new technologies. In order to begin to fill this gap, we introduce a notion of "operating conditions and decisions-driven test systems" (OCDTS). We illustrate the applications of such test systems for answering questions concerning the type of dominant operating problem, the most critical constraints and the potential for improving system operations by adjusting other variables. We show how such an approach fundamentally helps those operating the system in making the most out of the available resources over time. Quantifiable benefits in terms of enhancing reliability, efficiency and environmental impacts are described.

关键词： Test Systems for Smart Grids Performance Metrics Reliability Efficiency Environment Test systems Performance metrics Operating systems Environments PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

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