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TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Ma, Jie Chai, Qi Huang, Jingyue Liu, Jun You, Yang Zheng, Qinghua National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Satellite and Terrestrial Network Tech. R&D School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China The High Performance Computing for Artificial intelligence Lab Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore 117417 Singapore

Textbook Question Answering (TQA) is the task of answering diagram and non-diagram questions given large multimodal contexts consisting of abundant text and diagrams. Deep text understandings and effective learning of diagram semantics are important for this task due to its specificity. In this paper, we propose a Weakly Supervised learning method for TQA (WSTQ), which regards the incompletely accurate results of essential intermediate procedures for this task as supervision to develop Text Matching (TM) and Relation Detection (RD) tasks and then employs the tasks to motivate itself to learn strong text comprehension and excellent diagram semantics respectively. Specifically, we apply the result of text retrieval to build positive as well as negative text pairs. In order to learn deep text understandings, we first pre-train the text understanding module of WSTQ on TM and then fine-tune it on TQA. We build positive as well as negative relation pairs by checking whether there is any overlap between the items/regions detected from diagrams using object detection. The RD task forces our method to learn the relationships between regions, which are crucial to express the diagram semantics. We train WSTQ on RD and TQA simultaneously, i.e., multitask learning, to obtain effective diagram semantics and then improve the TQA performance. Extensive experiments are carried out on CK12-QA and AI2D to verify the effectiveness of WSTQ. Experimental results show that our method achieves significant accuracy improvements of 5.02% and 4.12% on test splits of the above datasets respectively than the current state-of-the-art baseline. We have released our code on https://***/dr-majie/WSTQ. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Transformation driven visual reasoning

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hong, Xin Lan, Yanyan Pang, Liang Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute for AI Industry Research Tsinghua University Beijing China

This paper defines a new visual reasoning paradigm by introducing an important factor, i.e. transformation. The motivation comes from the fact that most existing visual reasoning tasks, such as CLEVR in VQA, are solely defined to test how well the machine understands the concepts and relations within static settings, like one image. We argue that this kind of state driven visual reasoning approach has limitations in reflecting whether the machine has the ability to infer the dynamics between different states, which has been shown as important as state-level reasoning for human cognition in Piaget’s theory. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel transformation driven visual reasoning task. Given both the initial and final states, the target is to infer the corresponding single-step or multi-step transformation, represented as a triplet (object, attribute, value) or a sequence of triplets, respectively. Following this definition, a new dataset namely TRANCE is constructed on the basis of CLEVR, including three levels of settings, i.e. Basic (single-step transformation), Event (multi-step transformation), and View (multi-step transformation with variant views). Experimental results show that the state-of-the-art visual reasoning models perform well on Basic, but are still far from human-level intelligence on Event and View. We believe the proposed new paradigm will boost the development of machine visual reasoning. More advanced methods and real data need to be investigated in this direction. The resource of TVR is available at https://***/TVR. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Video Anomaly Detection Using Open data Filter and Domain Adaptation

Video Anomaly Detection Using Open Data Filter and Domain Ad...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Chen Zhang Guorong Li Li Su Weigang Zhang Qingming Huang School of Computer Science and Technology UCAS Beijing China Key Lab of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management UCAS Beijing China Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai China Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing ICT CAS Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728180687

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180694

Video anomaly detection is a very challenging task because of the rarity, openness, and the definition of the anomalies. Researchers pay more attention to the characteristics of anomalies and have proposed a variety of anomaly detection models. However, most existing methods only use normal events to construct anomaly detection models and ignore the diversity and openness of normal events. Actually, because real-world video data often have an open-ended distribution, some normal patterns hardly ever appeared in the training data. In addition, analogous to human experience in identifying anomalies, rare abnormal events can play a certain role in the detection of similar abnormal events in the dataset. Therefore, assuming that a small number of abnormal events are known, we propose a novel supervised anomaly detection model which explicitly detects open normal events and open abnormal events in the dataset and treats open data and seen data with different classifiers. First, we use the training video to train an imbalanced classifier as the seen data classifier. Then, during the testing phase, an open data filter module isused to divide the test data into seen data and open data. Finally, we directly use the seen data classifier to generate anomaly scores for the seen test data. For the open test data, we adopt a domain adaptation method to reduce the distribution difference between it and the training data and train a new classifier to score for it. Extensive experimental results prove the effectiveness of our model.

关键词： Training Training data Anomaly detection Feature extraction data models Testing Adaptation models

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Design of Target Behavior Intelligent Analysis System Based on Distributed Computing

Design of Target Behavior Intelligent Analysis System Based ...

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2019 IEEE International Conference on Signal, Information and data Processing, ICSIDP 2019

作者： Pan, Xinlong Cheng, Xueqi Yao, Libo Zhu, Zhenqiu DIng, Biao Tang, Tiantian Li, Minbo Liu, Chuanhui Institute of Information Fusion Naval Aviation University Yantai China CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science Technology Inistitute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Software Fudan University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728123455

Through the fusion processing of target data obtained by radar, electronic reconnaissance, space reconnaissance, technical reconnaissance and civil cooperative system in early warning and surveillance system, multidimensional target data including explicit state information such as target attributes, type, position, speed and course could be obtained. The latent potential information, such as regular behavior, intention and threat degree, need to be mastered by human intelligence and experience analysis. It is urgent to use big data mining technology to realize intelligent analysis of target behavior. Based on the analysis of big data related technologies, this paper designs an intelligent target behavior analysis system based on distributed computing, which provides theoretical and technical support for intelligent upgrading of intelligence processing systems and command decision systems. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： data mining

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Boosting Connectivity in Retinal Vessel Segmentation via a Recursive Semantics-Guided network 23rd

Boosting Connectivity in Retinal Vessel Segmentation via a R...

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23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2020

作者： Xu, Rui Liu, Tiantian Ye, Xinchen Lin, Lin Chen, Yen-Wei DUT-RU International School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China DUT-RU Co-Research Center of Advanced ICT for Active Life Dalian China Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province Dalian China College of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian China College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan Research Center of Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030597214

Many deep learning based methods have been proposed for retinal vessel segmentation, however few of them focus on the connectivity of segmented vessels, which is quite important for a practical computer-aided diagnosis system on retinal images. In this paper, we propose an efficient network to address this problem. A U-shape network is enhanced by introducing a semantics-guided module, which integrates the enriched semantics information to shallow layers for guiding the network to explore more powerful features. Besides, a recursive refinement iteratively applies the same network over the previous segmentation results for progressively boosting the performance while increasing no extra network parameters. The carefully designed recursive semantics-guided network has been extensively evaluated on several public datasets. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed method. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantics

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Reverse Perspective network for Perspective-Aware Object Counting

Reverse Perspective Network for Perspective-Aware Object Cou...

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yifan Yang Guorong Li Zhe Wu Li Su Qingming Huang Nicu Sebe School of Computer Science and Technology UCAS Beijing China Key Lab of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management UCAS Beijing China Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China University of Trento Trento Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728171685

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171692

One of the critical challenges of object counting is the dramatic scale variations, which is introduced by arbitrary perspectives. We propose a reverse perspective network to solve the scale variations of input images, instead of generating perspective maps to smooth final outputs. The reverse perspective network explicitly evaluates the perspective distortions, and efficiently corrects the distortions by uniformly warping the input images. Then the proposed network delivers images with similar instance scales to the regressor. Thus the regression network doesn't need multi-scale receptive fields to match the various scales. Besides, to further solve the scale problem of more congested areas, we enhance the corresponding regions of ground-truth with the evaluation errors. Then we force the regressor to learn from the augmented ground-truth via an adversarial process. Furthermore, to verify the proposed model, we collected a vehicle counting dataset based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The proposed dataset has fierce scale variations. Extensive experimental results on four benchmark datasets show the improvements of our method against the state-of-the-arts.

关键词： Distortion Training Feature extraction Estimation Convolution Kernel Adaptation models

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A Blockchain-based Fast Authentication and Collaborative Video data Forwarding Scheme for Vehicular networks

A Blockchain-based Fast Authentication and Collaborative Vid...

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IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, EUC

作者： Weihui Qiu Xin Yang Ming Wei Wei Ren Tianqing Zhu School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan P.R. China Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion CSSC P.R. China Key Laboratory of Network Assessment Technology CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Information Engineering Beijing P.R. China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang P.R. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665400374

Internet of Things (IoT) current present two trends with respect to ubiquity and mobility. The number of devices increases remarkably and most forthcoming devices are mobile, e.g., Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In large scale mobile IoT, the management of device identification, fast authentication, and certification of public keys experiences upcoming difficulties. Centralized security architecture may not be suitable and in contrast cross-domain security architecture will tackle the ubiquity and mobility better. We note that blockchain is a new decentralized architecture equipped with basic cryptographic settings, which provides new tools such as token and guarantees many security properties such as block integrity. In this paper we design a blockchain-based fast authentication video data forwarding scheme for IoV. Compared with existing protocols, it has the advantages of decentralization, high authentication efficiency, strong trust, and resistance to common attacks. We evaluate our scheme with real experiments over Hyperledger Fabric and the authentication delay is manageable (e.g, 4 seconds in IoV).

关键词： Resistance Protocols Authentication Public key Computer architecture Near field communication Ubiquitous computing

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Querying a matrix through matrix-vector products 46

Querying a matrix through matrix-vector products

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46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, ICALP 2019

作者： Sun, Xiaoming Woodruff, David P. Yang, Guang Zhang, Jialin CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Conflux Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783959771092

We consider algorithms with access to an unknown matrix M ∈ Fn×d via matrix-vector products, namely, the algorithm chooses vectors v1,..., vq, and observes Mv1,..., Mvq. Here the vi can be randomized as well as chosen adaptively as a function of Mv1,..., Mvi−1. Motivated by applications of sketching in distributed computation, linear algebra, and streaming models, as well as connections to areas such as communication complexity and property testing, we initiate the study of the number q of queries needed to solve various fundamental problems. We study problems in three broad categories, including linear algebra, statistics problems, and graph problems. For example, we consider the number of queries required to approximate the rank, trace, maximum eigenvalue, and norms of a matrix M;to compute the AND/OR/Parity of each column or row of M, to decide whether there are identical columns or rows in M or whether M is symmetric, diagonal, or unitary;or to compute whether a graph defined by M is connected or triangle-free. We also show separations for algorithms that are allowed to obtain matrix-vector products only by querying vectors on the right, versus algorithms that can query vectors on both the left and the right. We also show separations depending on the underlying field the matrix-vector product occurs in. For graph problems, we show separations depending on the form of the matrix (bipartite adjacency versus signed edge-vertex incidence matrix) to represent the graph. Surprisingly, this fundamental model does not appear to have been studied on its own, and we believe a thorough investigation of problems in this model would be beneficial to a number of different application areas. © Xiaoming Sun, David P. Woodruff, Guang Yang, and Jialin Zhang;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Beatgan: Anomalous rhythm detection using adversarially generated time series 28

Beatgan: Anomalous rhythm detection using adversarially gene...

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28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2019

作者： Zhou, Bin Liu, Shenghua Hooi, Bryan Cheng, Xueqi Ye, Jing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Computer Science National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Anesthesiology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University China CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780999241141

Given a large-scale rhythmic time series containing mostly normal data segments (or 'beats'), can we learn how to detect anomalous beats in an effective yet efficient way? For example, how can we detect anomalous beats from electrocardiogram (ECG) readings? Existing approaches either require excessively high amounts of labeled and balanced data for classification, or rely on less regularized reconstructions, resulting in lower accuracy in anomaly detection. Therefore, we propose BeatGAN, an unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm for time series data. BeatGAN outputs explainable results to pinpoint the anomalous time ticks of an input beat, by comparing them to adversarially generated beats. Its robustness is guaranteed by its regularization of reconstruction error using an adversarial generation approach, as well as data augmentation using time series warping. Experiments show that BeatGAN accurately and efficiently detects anomalous beats in ECG time series, and routes doctors' attention to anomalous time ticks, achieving accuracy of nearly 0.95 AUC, and very fast inference (2.6 ms per beat). In addition, we show that BeatGAN accurately detects unusual motions from multivariate motion-capture time series data, illustrating its generality. © 2019 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland Ecosystems on Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu 210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu 210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Comprehending the spatial variations of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for grasping the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, the influence of various environmental factors on ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap by utilizing observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and influencing factors. The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory simulation performance with an average R2 value of 0.75. Our analysis indicates that in alpine meadow, the ratio of transpiration to ET is generally higher (0.55) compared to alpine steppe (0.39). In terms of spatial distribution, both precipitation and leaf area index significantly impact ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerges as the primary driver of interannual spatial variations in ET, while leaf area index plays a pivotal role in regulating proportion of transpiration. Furthermore, our results reveal a transition from water-dominated to energy-dominated in TP grassland ecosystem at an aridity index of 0.73. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grassland, within the 0.65-0.73 range, remain primarily water-driven. These findings enhance our comprehension of the intricate interactions within the water cycle. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evapotranspiration

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