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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Ningyu Zhang, Qi Du, Chao Luo, Qiang Qiu, Xipeng Huang, Xuanjing Zhang, Menghan School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Modern Languages and Linguistics Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shanghai China Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing Shanghai China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Fudan University Shanghai China

People acquire concepts through rich physical and social experiences and use them to understand the world. In contrast, large language models (LLMs), trained exclusively through next-token prediction over language data, exhibit remarkably human-like behaviors. Are these models developing concepts akin to humans, and if so, how are such concepts represented and organized? To address these questions, we reframed the classic reverse dictionary task to simulate human concept inference in context and investigated the emergence of human-like conceptual representations within LLMs. Our results demonstrate that LLMs can flexibly derive concepts from linguistic descriptions in relation to contextual cues about other concepts. The derived representations converged towards a shared, context-independent structure that effectively predicted human behavior across key psychological phenomena, including computation of similarities, categories and semantic scales. Moreover, these representations aligned well with neural activity patterns in the human brain, even in response to visual rather than linguistic stimuli, providing evidence for biological plausibility. These findings establish that structured, human-like conceptual representations can naturally emerge from language prediction without real-world grounding. More broadly, our work positions LLMs as promising computational tools for understanding complex human cognition and paves the way for better alignment between artificial and human intelligence. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Efficient Graph Neural Network Driven Recurrent Reinforcement Learning for GNSS Position Correction 36

Efficient Graph Neural Network Driven Recurrent Reinforcemen...

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36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, ION GNSS+ 2023

作者： Zhao, Haoli Tang, Jianhao Li, Zhenni Wu, Zhuoyu Xie, Shengli Wu, Zhaofeng Liu, Ming Kumara, Banage T.G.S. School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Guangzhou510006 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and The Internet of Things in Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information Technology Guangzhou510006 China Techtotop Microelectronics Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou510000 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Computing and Information Systems Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Belihuloya Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9780936406350

With the wide applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in autonomous driving scenarios, the demand for high-precision positioning of navigation systems has increased dramatically in complex multipath environments. Conventional model-based methods are constrained by strict assumptions about noise models and can hardly model complex environment errors. In contrast, approaches based on artificial intelligent learning have become an important direction to solving the problem of high-precision positioning because learning-based approaches only require simple assumptions. However, current learning-based approaches are facing the following issues. The existing Graph Neural Network-based (GNN) method could hardly adapt to dynamically changing driving environment scenarios since it considers positioning discretely. On the other hand, existing Reinforcement Learning-based (RL) approaches ignore the relationship between multi-constellation satellites, resulting in an inadequate description of the driving correction environment observations. In this paper, we construct a GNN-driven recurrent reinforcement learning method to consider the GNSS measurement of multi-constellation satellites and to learn real-time correction strategy in the dynamic driving environment. To establish a comprehensive positioning correction environment, we construct a multi-constellation graph observation, based on the feature vector concerning GNSS measurement of multi-constellation satellites and edges for satellites in and between constellations. To make more effective use of GNSS measurements, we employ the graph embedding module to deal with the multi-constellation graph inputs, to extract hidden topological features to form the brief states about relationships between multi-constellation satellites for the RL environment. Finally, we construct a recurrent actor-critic structured RL model with cumulative reward and continuous action space to exploit historical information and a

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Soccer match broadcast video analysis method based on detection and tracking

Soccer match broadcast video analysis method based on detect...

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作者： Li, Hongyu Yang, Meng Yang, Chao Kang, Jianglang Suo, Xiang Meng, Weiliang Li, Zhen Mao, Lijuan Sheng, Bin Qi, Jun School of Information science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China School of Athletic Performance Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerity Shanghai China Department of Computing Xi'an JiaoTong-Liverpool University Suzhou China

We propose a comprehensive soccer match video analysis pipeline tailored for broadcast footage, which encompasses three pivotal stages: soccer field localization, player tracking, and soccer ball detection. Firstly, we introduce sports camera calibration to seamlessly map soccer field images from match videos onto a standardized two-dimensional soccer field template. This addresses the challenge of consistent analysis across video frames amid continuous camera angle changes. Secondly, given challenges such as occlusions, high-speed movements, and dynamic camera perspectives, obtaining accurate position data for players and the soccer ball is non-trivial. To mitigate this, we curate a large-scale, high-precision soccer ball detection dataset and devise a robust detection model, which achieved the (Formula presented.) of 80.9%. Additionally, we develop a high-speed, efficient, and lightweight tracking model to ensure precise player tracking. Through the integration of these modules, our pipeline focuses on real-time analysis of the current camera lens content during matches, facilitating rapid and accurate computation and analysis while offering intuitive visualizations. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Visualization

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An Auto-Parallel Method for Deep Learning Models Based on Genetic Algorithm

An Auto-Parallel Method for Deep Learning Models Based on Ge...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Yan Zeng ChengChuang Huang YiJie Ni ChunBao Zhou JiLin Zhang Jue Wang MingYao Zhou MeiTing Xue YunQuan Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Key Laboratory for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems Ministry of Education Hangzhou China Data Security Governance Zhejiang Engineering Research Center Hangzhou China School of ITMO Joint Institute Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Institute of Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China HuaWei State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

As the size of datasets and neural network models increases, automatic parallelization methods for models have become a research hotspot in recent years. The existing auto-parallel methods based on machine learning or graph algorithms still have issues with search efficiency and applicability. This paper proposes an automatic parallel method based on a dual-population genetic algorithm, TGA, which transforms model partitioning and placement into an integer linear programming problem and constructs a cost model to evaluate the solution. The solution space is built using the neural network’s dataflow graph and device cluster’s topology, and the dual-population genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal model parallel strategy. Experiments with various models show that the proposed method can improve single-step execution time by up to 42% compared to the Baechi method and up to 37.7% compared to the Hierarchical method.

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Few-Shot Small Vessel Segmentation Using a Detail-Preserving Network Enhanced by Discriminator

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Huang, Yan Yang, Jinzhu Sun, Qi Yuan, Yuliang Hou, Yang Shang, Jin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Northeastern University Liaoning Shenyang China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Liaoning Shenyang China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Liaoning Shenyang China Department of Radiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Shenyang China

Accurate segmentation of small vessels, such as coronary and pulmonary arteries, is crucial for early detection and treatment of vascular diseases. However, challenges persist due to the vessel's small size, complex structures, morphological variations, and limited annotated data. To address these challenges, we propose a detail-preserving network enhanced by a discriminator to improve the few-shot small vessel segmentation performance. The detail-preserving network constructs a complex module with multi-residual hybrid dilated convolution, which can enhance the network's receptive field while preserving the image's full detail features, enabling it to better capture the small vessel's structural features. Simultaneously, discriminator enhancement is incorporated into the training process through adversarial learning, effectively utilizing large amounts of unlabeled data to boost the generalization and robustness of the segmentation model. We validate the proposed method on in-house and public coronary artery datasets and public pulmonary artery datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves segmentation accuracy, particularly for small vessels. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method achieves higher accuracy, a lower false positive rate, and superior generalization capability, effectively assisting the clinical diagnosis of vessel diseases. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semi-supervised learning

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Advances in Embodied Navigation Using Large Language Models: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lin, Jinzhou Gao, Han Feng, Xuxiang Xu, Rongtao Wang, Changwei An, Dong Zhou, Jie Zhang, Man Guo, Li Teng, Xiaoqiang Xu, Shibiao School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250014 China School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Beijing Technology and Business Unicersitu China

Large Language Models like GPT have gained significant attention for their potential in various practical applications. One notable area of focus is their integration with Embodied Intelligence, particularly in navigation tasks, which require deep environmental understanding and rapid, accurate decision-making. LLMs enhance embodied intelligence systems by providing advanced environmental perception and decision-making support, leveraging their language and image-processing capabilities. This article reviews the symbiosis between LLMs and embodied intelligence, focusing on navigation, and evaluates current models, research methodologies, and datasets. Additionally, it discusses the role of LLMs in the field and forecasts future research directions. A comprehensive list of studies is available at https://***/Rongtao-Xu/AwesomeLLM-EN. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical flows

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WaveFormer: A Wavelet Transformer for Parkinson Disease’s Retinal Layer Segmentation in OCT

WaveFormer: A Wavelet Transformer for Parkinson Disease’s R...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Yanlin Chen Xiaoqing Zhang Tianao Wang Chen Tang Haili Ye Jiang Liu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China The Oujiang Laboratory The Affiliated Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Pathology symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) are different from those of retinal diseases in the retinal layers, which are subtle. However, segmenting pathology information of PD from retinal layers automatically based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images has not been studied before. Although existing Transformer-based segmentation methods have achieved good segmentation results, they have limitations in capturing local context information. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can construct local context dependencies among pixels, which is complementary to Transformers. Particularly, edge information extraction is significant for accurate retinal layer segmentation, which is ignored by both Transformers and CNNs but can be captured by frequency domain learning methods. To fully leverage the advantages of Transformers, CNNs, and frequency domain learning methods, we propose a Wavelet Transformer (WaveFormer) for retinal layer segmentation based on OCT images. In the WaveFormer, we design a Wavelet Spatial Attention block to exploit the potential of frequency information. Based on these advantages, WaveFormer can be data-efficient in limited OCT images of PD. The experimental results on the OCT-PD segmentation dataset show that our WaveFormer outperforms existing Transformers and CNNs. For example, WaveFormer outperforms Swin-UNet by 3.41% of IoU.

关键词： Learning systems Image segmentation Pathology Wavelet domain Image edge detection Frequency-domain analysis Transformers

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Privacy-Aware Joint DNN Model Deployment and Partition Optimization for Delay-Efficient Collaborative Edge Inference

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Zhipeng Xia, Xiaoyu Wang, Hong Liwang, Minghui Chen, Ning Fan, Xuwei Wang, Xianbin School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou215006 China School of Computing Technologies RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Control Science and Engineering The National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Qingdao China College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University ON Canada

Edge inference (EI) is a key solution to address the growing challenges of delayed response times, limited scalability, and privacy concerns in cloud-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference. However, deploying DNN models on resource-constrained edge devices faces more severe challenges, such as model storage limitations, dynamic service requests, and privacy risks. This paper proposes a novel framework for privacy-aware joint DNN model deployment and partition optimization to minimize long-term average inference delay under resource and privacy constraints. Specifically, the problem is formulated as a complex optimization problem considering model deployment, user-server association, and model partition strategies. To handle the NP-hardness and future uncertainties, a Lyapunov-based approach is introduced to transform the long-term optimization into a single-time-slot problem, ensuring system performance. Additionally, a coalition formation game model is proposed for edge server association, and a greedy-based algorithm is developed for model deployment within each coalition to efficiently solve the problem. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms effectively reduce inference delay while satisfying privacy constraints, outperforming baseline approaches in various scenarios. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differential privacy

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TNASP: a transformer-based NAS predictor with a self-evolution framework 21

TNASP: a transformer-based NAS predictor with a self-evoluti...

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Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Shun Lu Jixiang Li Jianchao Tan Sen Yang Ji Liu Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kuaishou Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781713845393

Predictor-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) continues to be an important topic because it aims to mitigate the time-consuming search procedure of traditional NAS methods. A promising performance predictor determines the quality of final searched models in predictor-based NAS methods. Most existing predictor-based methodologies train model-based predictors under a proxy dataset setting, which may suffer from the accuracy decline and the generalization problem, mainly due to their poor abilities to represent spatial topology information of the graph structure data. Besides the poor encoding for spatial topology information, these works did not take advantage of the temporal information such as historical evaluations during training. Thus, we propose a Transformer-based NAS performance predictor, associated with a Laplacian matrix based positional encoding strategy, which better represents topology information and achieves better performance than previous state-of-the-art methods on NAS-Bench-101, NAS-Bench-201, and DARTS search space. Furthermore, we also propose a self-evolution framework that can fully utilize temporal information as guidance. This framework iteratively involves previous evaluation information as constraints into current optimization iteration, thus further improving the performance of our predictor. Such framework is model-agnostic, thus can enhance performance on various backbone structures for the prediction task. Our proposed method helped us rank 2nd among all teams in CVPR 2021 NAS Competition Track 2: Performance Prediction Track.

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HealthEdge: A Machine Learning-Based Smart Healthcare Framework for Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in an Integrated IoT, Edge, and Cloud computing System

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hennebelle, Alain Materwala, Huned Ismail, Leila Melbourne Australia Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates Lab School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Diabetes Mellitus has no permanent cure to date and is one of the leading causes of death globally. The alarming increase in diabetes calls for the need to take precautionary measures to avoid/predict the occurrence of diabetes. This paper proposes HealthEdge, a machine learning-based smart healthcare framework for type 2 diabetes prediction in an integrated IoT-edge-cloud computing system. Numerical experiments and comparative analysis were carried out between the two most used machine learning algorithms in the literature, Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR), using two real-life diabetes datasets. The results show that RF predicts diabetes with 6% more accuracy on average compared to LR. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Edge computing

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