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检索条件"机构=Center For Reliable Computing Computer Systems Laboratory"

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Proteus: a flexible infrastructure to implement adaptive fault tolerance in AQuA

Proteus: a flexible infrastructure to implement adaptive fau...

引用

Dependable computing for Critical Applications 7

作者： C. Sabnis M. Cukier J. Ren P. Rubel W.H. Sanders D.E. Bakken D. Karr Center of Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL USA BBN Technologies GTE Cambridge MA USA

Building dependable distributed systems from commercial off-the-shelf components is of growing practical importance. For both cost and production reasons, there is interest in approaches and architectures that facilitate building such systems. The AQuA architecture is one such approach; its goal is to provide adaptive fault tolerance to CORBA applications by replicating objects, providing a high-level method for applications to specify their desired dependability, and providing a dependability manager that attempts to reconfigure a system at runtime so that dependability requests are satisfied. This paper describes how dependability is provided in AQuA. In particular it describes Proteus, the part of AQuA that dynamically manages replicated distributed objects to make them dependable. Given a dependability request, Proteus chooses a fault tolerance approach and reconfigures the system to try to meet the request. The infrastructure of Proteus is described in this paper, along with its use in implementing active replication and a simple dependability policy.

关键词： Fault tolerance Quality of service Buildings Application software Costs Fault tolerant systems Hardware Contracts Distributed computing High performance computing

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Multivariate geographic clustering in a metacomputing environment using globus

Multivariate geographic clustering in a metacomputing enviro...

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1999 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, SC 1999

作者： Mahinthakumar, G. Hoffman, Forrest M. Hargrove, William W. Karonis, Nicholas T. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Computational Sciences P. O. Box 2008 Oak RidgeTN37831-6203 United States University of Tennessee Energy Environment Resources Center Systems Development Institute 10521 Research Drive KnoxvilleTN37932 United States High Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University DekalbIL60115 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581130910

The authors present a metacomputing application of multivariate, nonhierarchical statistical clustering to geographic environmental data from the 48 conterminous United States in order to produce maps of regions of ecological similarity, called ecoregions. These maps represent finer scale regionalizations than do those generated by the traditional technique: an expert with a marker pen. Several variables (e.g., temperature, organic matter, rainfall etc.) thought to affect the growth of vegetation are clustered at resolutions as fine as one square kilometer (1 km2). These data can represent over 7.8 million map cells in an n-dimensional (n = 9 to 25) data space. A parallel version of the iterative statistical clustering algorithm is developed by the authors using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) message passing routines. The parallel algorithm uses a classical, self-scheduling, single-program, multiple data (SPMD) organization;performs dynamic load balancing for reasonable performance in heterogeneous metacomputing environments;and provides fault tolerance by saving intermediate results for easy restarts in case of hardware failure. The parallel algorithm was tested on various geographically distributed heterogeneous metacomputing configurations involving an IBM SP3™, an IBM SP2™, and two SGI Origin 2000™'s. The tests were performed with minimal code modification, and were made possible by Globus™ (a metacomputing software toolkit) and the Globus-enabled version of MPI (MPICH-G). Our performance tests indicate that while the algorithm works reasonably well under the metacomputing environment for a moderate number of processors, the communication overhead can become prohibitive for large processor configurations. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Message passing

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Superconducting processors for HTMT: issues and challenges

Superconducting processors for HTMT: issues and challenges

引用

Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation

作者： K.B. Theobald G.R. Gao T.L. Sterling Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE USA NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory /Center for Advanced Computing Research California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

The Hybrid Technology Multi-Threading project is a long-term study of the feasibility of combining several emerging technologies to reach 1 petaFLOPS within ten years. HTMT will combine high-speed superconductor processors, semiconductor memories with built-in processors, high-speed optical interconnects, and high-density holographic storage. While there are major challenges in all aspects of this project, those in processor architecture are the focus of this paper. Fundamental differences between RSFQ circuits and conventional semiconductor circuits, including a radical jump in clock speed, make today's processor design approaches inappropriate for HTMT. Sequential instruction dispatching, even within the lowest programming unit (a strand), will lead to unacceptably high latencies, hence poor performance. We propose alternative processor designs which use fine-grain synchronizations between individual instructions in order to avoid these bottlenecks.

关键词： Random access memory Optical buffering Holography Holographic optical components Delay computer architecture Optical interconnections Electrical capacitance tomography Quantum computing Clocks

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The program decision logic approach to predicated execution 99

The program decision logic approach to predicated execution

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Proceedings of the 26th annual international symposium on computer architecture

作者： David I. August John W. Sias Jean-Michel Puiatti Scott A. Mahlke Daniel A. Connors Kevin M. Crozier Wen-mei W. Hwu Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL Logic Systems Laboratory (DI-LSL) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard Palo Alto CA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769501703

Modern compilers must expose sufficient amounts of Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) to achieve the promised performance increases of superscalar and VLIW processors. One of the major impediments to achieving this goal has been inefficient programmatic control flow. Historically, the compiler has translated the programmer's original control structure directly into assembly code with conditional branch instructions. Eliminating inefficiencies in handling branch instructions and exploiting ILP has been the subject of much research. However, traditional branch handling techniques cannot significantly alter the program's inherent control structure. The advent of predication as a program control representation has enabled compilers to manipulate control in a form more closely related to the underlying program logic. This work takes full advantage of the predication paradigm by abstracting the program control flow into a logical form referred to as a program decision logic network. This network is modeled as a Boolean equation and minimized using modified versions of logic synthesis techniques. After minimization, the more efficient version of the program's original control flow is re-expressed in predicated code. Furthermore, this paper proposes extensions to the HPL PlayDoh predication model in support of more effective predicate decision logic network minimization. Finally, this paper shows the ability of the mechanisms presented to overcome limits on ILP previously imposed by rigid program control structure.

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Multivariate Geographic Clustering in A Metacomputing Environment Using Globus

Multivariate Geographic Clustering in A Metacomputing Enviro...

引用

Supercomputing Conference

作者： G. Mahinthakumar F.M. Hoffman W.W. Hargrove N.T. Karonis Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge TN USA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA Energy Environment and Resources Center Systems Development Institute University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA High Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University Dekalb IL USA

The authors present a metacomputing application of multivariate, nonhierarchical statistical clustering to geographic environmental data from the 48 conterminous United States in order to produce maps of regions of ecological similarity, called ecoregions. These maps represent finer scale regionalizations than do those generated by the traditional technique: an expert with a marker pen. Several variables (e.g., temperature, organic matter, rainfall etc.) thought to affect the growth of vegetation are clustered at resolutions as fine as one square kilometer (1 km2). These data can represent over 7.8 million map cells in an n-dimensional (n = 9 to 25) data space. A parallel version of the iterative statistical clustering algorithm is developed by the authors using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) message passing routines. The parallel algorithm uses a classical, self-scheduling, single-program, multiple data (SPMD) organization; performs dynamic load balancing for reasonable performance in heterogeneous metacomputing environments; and provides fault tolerance by saving intermediate results for easy restarts in case of hardware failure. The parallel algorithm was tested on various geographically distributed heterogeneous metacomputing configurations involving an IBM SP3TM, an IBM SP2TM, and two SGI Origin 2000TM ’s. The tests were performed with minimal code modification, and were made possible by GlobusTM (a metacomputing software toolkit) and the Globus-enabled version of MPI (MPICH-G). Our performance tests indicate that while the algorithm works reasonably well under the metacomputing environment for a moderate number of processors, the communication overhead can become prohibitive for large processor configurations.

关键词： Metacomputing Message passing Parallel algorithms Testing Temperature Vegetation mapping Clustering algorithms Iterative algorithms Load management Fault tolerance

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Multivariate geographic clustering in a metacomputing environment using Globus 99

Multivariate geographic clustering in a metacomputing enviro...

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Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing

作者： G. Mahinthakumar Forrest M. Hoffman William W. Hargrove Nicholas T. Karonis Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Computational Sciences P.O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge TN Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division P.O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge TN University of Tennessee Energy Environment and Resources Center Systems Development Institute 10521 Research Drive Suite 100 Knoxville TN High Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University Dekalb IL

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A study of code reuse and sharing characteristics of Java applications 1

A study of code reuse and sharing characteristics of Java ap...

引用

1st Workshop on Workload Characterization, WWC 1998

作者： Conte, M.T. Trick, A.R. Gyllenhaal, J.C. Hwu, W.W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory Center for Reliable and High-performance Computing University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769504507

Presents a detailed characterization of Java application and applet workloads in terms of reuse and sharing of Java code at the program, class and method level. In order to expose more sharing opportunities, techniques for detecting code equivalence even in the presence of minor code changes or constant pool index differences) are also proposed and examined. The analyzed application workload consists of the recently released SPECjvm98 benchmarks, and the applet workload is derived from three extensive searches of the Internet between May 1997 and May 1998 using an enhanced Web crawler. Analysis of these workloads reveals several new code sharing and optimization opportunities. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Java programming language

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State-space support for path-based reward variables

State-space support for path-based reward variables

引用

International computer Performance and Dependability Symposium

作者： W.D. Obal W.H. Sanders Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

Many sophisticated formalisms exist for specifying complex system behaviors, but methods for specifying performance and dependability variables have remained quite primitive. To cope with this problem, modelers often must augment system models with extra state information and event types to support particular variables. This often leads to models that are non-intuitive, and must be changed to support different variables. To address this problem, we extend the array of performance measures that may be derived from a given system model by developing new performance measure specification and model construction techniques. Specifically, we introduce a class of path-based reward variables, and show how various performance measures may be specified using these variables. Path-based reward variables extend the previous work with reward structures to allow rewards to be accumulated based on sequences of states and transitions. To maintain the relevant history, we introduce the concept of a path automaton, whose state transitions are based on the system model state and transitions. Furthermore, we present a new procedure for constructing state spaces and the associated transition rate matrices that support path-based reward variables. Our new procedure takes advantage of the path automaton to allow a single system model to be used as the basis of multiple performance measures that would otherwise require separate models or a single more complicated model.

关键词： Automata Stochastic processes Indium tin oxide Electronic switching systems Read only memory State-space methods Contracts

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Parallel algorithms for simultaneous scheduling, binding and floorplanning in high-level synthesis

Parallel algorithms for simultaneous scheduling, binding and...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： P. Prabhakaran P. Banerjee Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL USA Center for Parallel and Distributed Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

With small device features in submicron technologies, interconnection delays play a dominant part in cycle time. Hence, it is important to consider the impact of physical design during high level synthesis. In comparison to a traditional approach which separates high-level synthesis from physical design, an algorithm which is able to make these stages interact very closely, would result in solutions with lower latency and area. However, such an approach could result in increased runtimes. Parallel processing is an attractive way of reducing the runtimes. In this paper, two parallel algorithms for simultaneous scheduling, binding and floorplanning algorithm are presented. A detailed hardware model is considered, taking into account multiplexor and register areas and delays. Experimental results are reported on an IBM SP-2 multicomputer, with close to linear speedups for a set of benchmark circuits.

关键词： Parallel algorithms High level synthesis Runtime Integrated circuit interconnections Delay effects Algorithm design and analysis Parallel processing Scheduling algorithm Hardware Registers

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AQuA: an adaptive architecture that provides dependable distributed objects

AQuA: an adaptive architecture that provides dependable dist...

引用

reliable Distributed systems

作者： M. Cukier J. Ren C. Sabnis D. Henke J. Pistole W.H. Sanders D.E. Bakken M.E. Berman D.A. Karr R.E. Schantz Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA BBN Technologies Inc. Cambridge MA USA

Dependable distributed systems are difficult to build. This is particularly true if they have dependability requirements that change during the execution of an application, and are built with commercial off-the-shelf hardware. In that case, fault tolerance must be achieved using middleware software, and mechanisms must be provided to communicate the dependability requirements of a distributed application to the system and to adapt the system's configuration to try to achieve the desired dependability. The AQuA architecture allows distributed applications to request a desired level of availability using the Quality Objects (QuO) framework and includes a dependability manager that attempts to meet requested availability levels by configuring the system in response to outside requests and changes in system resources due to faults. The AQuA architecture uses the QuO runtime to process and invoke availability requests, the Proteus dependability manager to configure the system in response to faults and availability requests, and the Ensemble protocol stack to provide group communication services. Furthermore, a CORBA interface is provided to application objects using the AQuA gateway. The gateway provides a mechanism to translate between process-level communication, as supported by Ensemble, and IIOP messages, understood by Object Request Brokers. Both active and passive replication are supported, and the replication type to use is chosen based on the performance and dependability requirements of particular distributed applications.

关键词： Availability Application software computer architecture Hardware Fault tolerant systems Middleware Communication system software Quality management Resource management Runtime

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