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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Rongtao Wang, Changwei Zhang, Jiguang Xu, Shibiao Meng, Weiliang Zhang, Xiaopeng The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China CASIA Beijing China The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China

Accurate skin lesion segmentation from dermoscopic images is of great importance for skin cancer diagnosis. However, automatic segmentation of melanoma remains a challenging task because it is difficult to incorporate useful texture representations into the learning process. Texture representations are not only related to the local structural information learned by CNN, but also include the global statistical texture information of the input image. In this paper, we propose a transFormer network (SkinFormer) that efficiently extracts and fuses statistical texture representation for Skin lesion segmentation. Specifically, to quantify the statistical texture of input features, a Kurtosis-guided Statistical Counting Operator is designed. We propose Statistical Texture Fusion Transformer and Statistical Texture Enhance Transformer with the help of Kurtosis-guided Statistical Counting Operator by utilizing the transformer’s global attention mechanism. The former fuses structural texture information and statistical texture information, and the latter enhances the statistical texture of multi-scale features. Extensive experiments on three publicly available skin lesion datasets validate that our SkinFormer outperforms other SOAT methods, and our method achieves 93.2% Dice score on ISIC 2018. It can be easy to extend SkinFormer to segment 3D images in the future. Our code is available at https://***/RongtaoXu/SkinFormer. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Exploiting the Community Structure of Fraudulent Keywords for Fraud Detection in Web Search

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2021年第5期36卷 1167-1183页

作者： Dong-Hui Yang Zhen-Yu Li Xiao-Hui Wang Kavé Salamatian Gao-Gang Xie Network Technology Research Center Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 102209China LISTIC Laboratory of Computer Science SystemsInformation and Knowledge ProcessingUniversitéSavoie Mont BlancChambéry 73011France Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Internet users heavily rely on web search engines for their intended *** major revenue of search engines is advertisements(or ads).However,the search advertising suffers from *** generate fake traffic which does not reach the intended audience,and increases the cost of the ***,it is critical to detect fraud in web *** studies solve this problem through fraudster detection(especially bots)by leveraging fraudsters'unique ***,they may fail to detect new means of fraud,such as crowdsourcing fraud,since crowd workers behave in part like normal *** this end,this paper proposes an approach to detecting fraud in web search from the perspective of fraudulent *** begin by using a unique dataset of 150 million web search logs to examine the discriminating features of fraudulent ***,we model the temporal correlation of fraudulent keywords as a graph,which reveals a very well-connected community ***,we design DFW(detection of fraudulent keywords)that mines the temporal correlations between candidate fraudulent keywords and a given list of *** particular,DFW leverages several refinements to filter out non-fraudulent keywords that co-occur with seeds *** evaluation using the search logs shows that DFW achieves high fraud detection precision(99%)and accuracy(93%).A further analysis reveals several typical temporal evolution patterns of fraudulent keywords and the co-existence of both bots and crowd workers as fraudsters for web search fraud.

关键词： community structure fraud analysis fraudulent keyword detection web search

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Dual Prototypes Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yue, Tianai Xu, Rongtao Wu, Jingqian Yang, Wenjie Du, Shide Wang, Changwei Johns Hopkins University Baltimore21218 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong College of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan250014 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250014 China

Semi-supervised techniques for medical image segmentation have demonstrated potential, effectively training models using scarce labeled data alongside a wealth of unlabeled data. Therefore, semi-supervised medical image segmentation is one of the key issues in engineering applications of medical artificial intelligence. Consistency constraints based on prototype alignment provide an intuitively sensible way to discover valuable insights from unlabeled data that can motivate segmentation performance. In this work, we propose a dual prototypes contrastive network (DPC-Net) to motivate semi-supervised medical segmentation accuracy by imposing image-level global prototype constraints and pixel-level local prototype constraints. First, we introduce a Background-Separation Global Prototype Contrastive Learning technique that utilizes the natural mutual exclusivity of foreground and background to separate the inter-class distances and encourage the segmentation network to obtain segmentation results that are more complete and do not contain background regions. Second, we design a Cross-Consistent Local Prototype Contrastive Learning techniques to extend the perturbation consistency of the two networks to the prototype's localized response to the feature map, thereby shaping a more stable intra-class prototype space and producing accurate and robust pixel-level predictions. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate our method on mainstream semi-supervised medical image segmentation benchmarks and settings, and experimental results show that our DPC-Net outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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AgileWatts: An Energy-Efficient CPU Core Idle-State Architecture for Latency-Sensitive Server Applications 22

AgileWatts: An Energy-Efficient CPU Core Idle-State Architec...

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Proceedings of the 55th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture

作者： Jawad Haj Yahya Haris Volos Davide B. Bartolini Georgia Antoniou Jeremie S. Kim Zhe Wang Kleovoulos Kalaitzidis Tom Rollet Zhirui Chen Ye Geng Onur Mutlu Yiannakis Sazeides Rivos Inc Mountain View California United States Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Computing Systems Lab Huawei Zurich Research Center Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462723

User-facing applications running in modern datacenters exhibit irregular request patterns and are implemented using a multitude of services with tight latency requirements (30--250μs). These characteristics render existing energy-conserving techniques ineffective when processors are idle due to the long transition time (order of 100μs) from a deep CPU core idle power state (C-state). While prior works propose management techniques to mitigate this inefficiency, we tackle it at its root with AgileWatts (AW): a new deep CPU core C-state architecture optimized for datacenter server processors targeting latency-sensitive *** drastically reduces the transition latency from deep CPU core idle power states while retaining most of their power savings based on three key ideas. First, AW eliminates the latency (several microseconds) of saving/restoring the core context when powering-off/-on the core in a deep idle state by i) implementing medium-grained power-gates, carefully distributed across the CPU core, and ii) retaining context in the power-ungated domain. Second, AW eliminates the flush latency (several tens of microseconds) of the L1/L2 caches when entering a deep idle state by keeping L1/L2 content power-ungated. A small control logic also remains ungated to serve cache coherence traffic. AW implements cache sleep-mode and leakage reduction for the power-ungated domain by lowering a core's voltage to the minimum operational level. Third, using a state-of-the-art power efficient all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) clock generator, AW keeps the PLL active and locked during the idle state, cutting microseconds of wake-up latency at negligible power *** evaluation with an accurate industrial-grade simulator calibrated against an Intel Skylake server shows that AW reduces the energy consumption of Memcached by up to 71% (35% on average) with <1% end-to-end performance degradation. We observe similar trends for other evaluated services (MySQL and Kafka).

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Cross-links matter for link prediction: rethinking the debiased GNN from a data perspective 23

Cross-links matter for link prediction: rethinking the debia...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Zihan Luo Hong Huang Jianxun Lian Xiran Song Xing Xie Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and Systems Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China

Recently, the bias-related issues in GNN-based link prediction have raised widely spread concerns. In this paper, we emphasize the bias on links across different node clusters, which we call cross-links, after considering its significance in both easing information cocoons and preserving graph connectivity. Instead of following the objective-oriented mechanism in prior works with compromised utility, we empirically find that existing GNN models face severe data bias between internal-links (links within the same cluster) and cross-links, and this inspires us to rethink the bias issue on cross-links from a data perspective. Specifically, we design a simple yet effective twin-structure framework, which can be easily applied to most GNNs to mitigate the bias as well as boost their utility in an end-to-end manner. The basic idea is to generate debiased node embeddings as demonstrations and fuse them into the embeddings of original GNNs. In particular, we learn debiased node embeddings with the help of augmented supervision signals, and a novel dynamic training strategy is designed to effectively fuse debiased node embeddings with the original node embeddings. Experiments on three datasets with six common GNNs show that our framework can not only alleviate the bias between internal-links and cross-links but also boost the overall accuracy. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods also verify the superiority of our method.

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DMNER: Biomedical Named Entity Recognition by Detection and Matching

DMNER: Biomedical Named Entity Recognition by Detection and ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Bian, Junyi Jiang, Rongze Zhai, Weiqi Huang, Tianyang Huang, Xiaodi Zhou, Hong Zhu, Shanfeng Fudan University School of Computer Science Shanghai China Fudan University Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Shanghai China Charles Sturt University School of Computing Mathematics and Engineering Nsw Australia Atypon Systems Llc United Kingdom Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Moe Frontiers Center for Brain Science Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Biomedical Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial task in extracting information from biomedical texts. However, the diversity of professional terminology, semantic complexity, and the widespread presence of synonyms pose significant challenges. Traditional methods that rely on sequence labeling training datasets often struggle to handle these complexities. To address this, we introduce a novel framework for BioNER, termed DMNER, which leverages external knowledge and operates in two steps: entity boundary detection and entity category identification through matching. The core of DMNER is its second step, which determines the entity category by retrieving similar entities and their categories from a knowledge dictionary using semantic similarity matching. Our experiments on 10 biomedical datasets demonstrate that DMNER outperforms baselines across these tasks, proving its effectiveness and adaptability. DMNER is versatile and can be applied to various NER tasks, including supervised NER, distantly supervised NER, and NER on multiple datasets with disjoint label sets. The DMNER code is publicly available. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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GSLB: The Graph Structure Learning Benchmark 37

GSLB: The Graph Structure Learning Benchmark

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37th Conference on Neural Information Processing systems, NeurIPS 2023

作者： Li, Zhixun Wang, Liang Sun, Xin Luo, Yifan Zhu, Yanqiao Chen, Dingshuo Luo, Yingtao Zhou, Xiangxin Liu, Qiang Wu, Shu Yu, Jeffrey Xu Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles United States Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy Machine Learning Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713899921

Graph Structure Learning (GSL) has recently garnered considerable attention due to its ability to optimize both the parameters of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and the computation graph structure simultaneously. Despite the proliferation of GSL methods developed in recent years, there is no standard experimental setting or fair comparison for performance evaluation, which creates a great obstacle to understanding the progress in this field. To fill this gap, we systematically analyze the performance of GSL in different scenarios and develop a comprehensive Graph Structure Learning Benchmark (GSLB) curated from 20 diverse graph datasets and 16 distinct GSL algorithms. Specifically, GSLB systematically investigates the characteristics of GSL in terms of three dimensions: effectiveness, robustness, and complexity. We comprehensively evaluate state-of-the-art GSL algorithms in node- and graph-level tasks, and analyze their performance in robust learning and model complexity. Further, to facilitate reproducible research, we have developed an easy-to-use library for training, evaluating, and visualizing different GSL methods. Empirical results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the ability of GSL and reveal its potential benefits on various downstream tasks, offering insights and opportunities for future research. The code of GSLB is available at: https://***/GSL-Benchmark/GSLB. © 2023 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Freespace Optical Flow Modeling for Automated Driving

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Feng, Yi Zhang, Ruge Du, Jiayuan Chen, Qijun Fan, Rui College of Electronics & Information Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems The State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Autonomous Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai201804 China High-Performance Computer Research Center Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

— Optical flow and disparity are two informative visual features for autonomous driving perception. They have been used for a variety of applications, such as obstacle and lane detection. The concept of "U-V-Disparity" has been widely explored in the literature, while its counterpart in optical flow has received relatively little attention. Traditional motion analysis algorithms estimate optical flow by matching correspondences between two successive video frames, which limits the full utilization of environmental information and geometric constraints. Therefore, we propose a novel strategy to model optical flow in the collision-free space (also referred to as drivable area or simply freespace) for intelligent vehicles, with the full utilization of geometry information in a 3D driving environment. We provide explicit representations of optical flow and deduce the quadratic relationship between the optical flow component and the vertical coordinate. Through extensive experiments on several public datasets, we demonstrate the high accuracy and robustness of our model. Additionally, our proposed freespace optical flow model boasts a diverse array of applications within the realm of automated driving, providing a geometric constraint in freespace detection, vehicle localization, and more. We have made our source code publicly available at https://***/FSOF. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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MFE-Net: A Novel Multi-scale Feature Enhancement Network for SAR Ship Instance Segmentation

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IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 2025年

作者： Liu, Li Zhang, Shuo Hu, Mingtao North China Electric Power University Hebei Key Laboratory of Knowledge Computing for Energy and Power Department of Computer Baoding071000 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing for Complex Energy Systems Department of Computer North China Electric Power University Baoding071000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Deep learning has achieved significant progress in ship instance segmentation for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) im-ages. However, due to the challenges posed by inshore scenes, such as dense clustering, arbitrary arrangement orientation, and multi-scale targets, the performance of existing methods still falls short of expectations. To overcome the dilemma, we propose MFE-Net, a one-stage instance segmentation network based on oriented bounding box (OBB). First, we design an Orientation-aware Seg-mentation Head (OSeg Head) to enhance the network's perception of directional features while mitigating interference from complex background. Additionally, a Feature Aggregation Diffusion Pyra-mid (FADP) is proposed, consisting of the Multi-level Feature Alignment Module (MAM) and the Multi-scale Feature Enhance-ment Module (MFEM). The FADP aggregates global semantic and detailed information, and effectively enhances the feature repre-sentations of both deep and shallow layers through multi-scale fea-ture extraction. Experimental results on two public benchmark datasets (HRSID, SSDD) and a self-built dataset (HRSID_IS) demonstrate that MFE-Net achieves an ideal trade-off between ac-curacy and efficiency, respectively reaching 58.9%, 63.0%, and 46.9% AP with parameters of 12.36M. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Management of Scientific Agricultural Digital Ecosystems Based on Ecosystem Classification

Management of Scientific Agricultural Digital Ecosystems Bas...

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International Conference on Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD)

作者： Vladimir Kulba Viktor Medennikov Laboratory of Modular Data Processing and Control Systems V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Information and Computing Systems Department Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The paper considers a mathematical model for managing a scientific digital ecosystem exemplified by the agriculture case; the model enables assessing the impact science exerts on the regions’ socioeconomic position in order to build an adequate response to the advanced economies’ regime of severe sanctions against Russia. For these purposes, a systemic analysis of the subject identification and classification of ecosystems was conducted to address the critical issue of determining the basic concepts and terms of the country’s digitalization.

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