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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024

作者： Yao, Yao Li, Zuchao Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University China National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761193

With the widespread use of language models (LMs) in NLP tasks, researchers have discovered the potential of Chain-of-thought (CoT) to assist LMs in accomplishing complex reasoning tasks by generating intermediate steps. However, human thought processes are often non-linear, rather than simply sequential chains of thoughts. Therefore, we propose Graph-of-Thought (GoT) reasoning, which models human thought processes not only as a chain but also as a graph. By representing thought units as nodes and connections between them as edges, our approach captures the non-sequential nature of human thinking and allows for a more realistic modeling of thought processes. GoT adopts a two-stage framework with an additional GoT encoder for thought graph representation and fuses the graph representation with the original input representation through a gated fusion mechanism. We evaluate GoT's performance on a text-only reasoning task (AQUA-RAT) and a multimodal reasoning task (ScienceQA). Our model achieves significant improvement over the strong CoT baseline on the AQUA-RAT test set and boosts accuracy from 85.19% to 87.59% using the T5-base model over the state-of-the-art Multimodal-CoT (Zhang et al., 2023) on the ScienceQA test set. Our code is publicly available at https://***/Zoeyyao27/Graphof-Thought. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Rats

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A Hybrid EEG-EMG Framework for Humanoid Control using Deep Learning Transformers

A Hybrid EEG-EMG Framework for Humanoid Control using Deep L...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2024

作者： Olikkal, Parthan Pillai, Branesh M. Suthakorn, Jackrit Ali, Habib Vinjamuri, Ramana University of Maryland Baltimore County Vinjamuri lab Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering BaltimoreMD21220 United States Mahidol University Center for Biomedical and Robotics Technology Nakorm Pathom Salaya Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer promising solutions for upper limb rehabilitation. Despite advancements in deep learning, traditional models for motor rehabilitation using electroencephalography (EEG) or electromyography (EMG) to control assistive devices require enhancement. This study aims to enhance motor control capabilities by integrating EEG and EMG signals using a Transformer-based deep learning model. Ten able-bodies subjects performed center-out tasks on a low-cost upper limb rehabilitation table, capturing 2D kinematic data, EEG, and EMG signals simultaneously. The tasks varied in complexity across four levels. Preprocessed EEG and EMG signals were fused and given as input to the proposed model, which was evaluated using three performance metrics. Results showed that the EEG-EMG combined model achieved 87.27% accuracy across all the four levels. Furthermore, the model's output successfully controlled a humanoid robot to replicate similar movements. These findings highlight the efficacy of combined EEG-EMG data in improving accuracy and performance in BCI applications, advancing assistive technologies and neurorehabilitation interventions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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GRID-FAST: A Grid-based Intersection Detection for Fast Semantic Topometric Mapping

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fredriksson, Scott Saradagi, Akshit Nikolakopoulos, George Robotics & AI Team Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology LuleåSE-97187 Sweden

This article introduces a novel approach to constructing a topometric map that allows for efficient navigation and decision-making in mobile robotics applications. The method generates the topometric map from a 2D grid-based map. The topometric map segments areas of the input map into different structuralsemantic classes: intersections, pathways, dead ends, and pathways leading to unexplored areas. This method is grounded in a new technique for intersection detection that identifies the area and the openings of intersections in a semantically meaningful way. The framework introduces two levels of pre-filtering with minimal computational cost to eliminate small openings and objects from the map which are unimportant in the context of high-level map segmentation and decision making. The topological map generated by GRID-FAST enables fast navigation in large-scale environments, and the structural semantics can aid in mission planning, autonomous exploration, and human-to-robot cooperation. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through validation on real maps gathered from robotic experiments: 1) a structured indoor environment, 2) an unstructured cave-like subterranean environment, and 3) a large-scale outdoor environment, which comprises pathways, buildings, and scattered objects. Additionally, the proposed framework has been compared with state-of-the-art topological mapping solutions and is able to produce a topometric and topological map with up to 92% fewer nodes than the next best solution. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Applying CNN Models with Stereo Camera for Object Detection and Distance Estimation in Automatic Micro Electric Vehicle (MEVi) 1

Applying CNN Models with Stereo Camera for Object Detection ...

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1st International Conference on Smart Mechatronics, ICSMech 2024

作者： Harimanto, Farrell Putra Hasanah, Nurul Pradana, Muhammad Khristamto Aditya Puji, Muhammad Nurul Binus Aso School of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Automotive & Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency Kst Samaun Samadikun Research Center for Smart Mechatronics Bandung40135 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368918

Technological advancements in the automotive industry are currently focused on autonomous driving systems or driver assistance systems. Depth estimation is also an important feature of the autonomous driving system as it can accurately estimate the distance to the detected objects. In current developments technologies such as stereo cameras are more popular for a more accurate depth estimation. The process for object detection consists of a combination of classification, localization, and segmentation. Deep convolutional neural networks are the basis of object detection. The methods for object detection are divided into two categories namely the Region Proposal-based method such as RCNN, and the Classification-based method which provides for methods such as YOLO and MobileNet. As a part of the research conducted by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) on Automatic Micro Electric Vehicles or MEVi, this paper analyzed and compared the performance of several CNN models for object detection as well as the performance of depth sensing using ZED stereo camera which was used for the autonomous system in MEVi. Among several models that had been compared, YOLO v8 model demonstrates high accuracy and moderate speed as indicated by its high mAP (0.50) and FPS (38.46). Based on depth sensing results, the accuracy of distance measurement also depended on brightness and environment with the average of accuracy achieved indoors was 98.2% and outdoors was 96.3%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Automotive industry

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Large Language Model Driven Interactive Learning for Real-Time Cognitive Load Prediction in Human-Swarm Systems

Large Language Model Driven Interactive Learning for Real-Ti...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Wenshuo Zang Mengsha Hu Rui Liu Cognitive Robotics and AI Lab (CRAI) College of Aeronautics Engineering Department of Computer Science Kent State University OH USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350375022

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375039

The rapid advancements of drones have demonstrated the versatility and promising potential of human-swarm systems (HSS) across various domains. However, human performance within these systems may be impaired by factors such as limited domain knowledge and mental stress, often leading to cognitive overload and hindering the efficiency and effectiveness of human-swarm teaming. Consequently, the accurate monitoring of cognitive load levels is crucial for optimizing HSS performance. To address the challenges of existing measurement methods, which are often expensive, time-consuming, or lack real-time capabilities, we propose a Large Language Model driven cognitive load prediction framework. This framework integrates comprehensive task context, domain knowledge, and behavior analysis to provide fast and cost-effective predictions in complex scenarios. By leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models and employing reinforcement learning to model the cognitive load generation, our framework aims to offer real-time insights into human-related factors causing high cognitive load and predict cognitive levels over time, ultimately enhancing the performance of HSS teaming.

关键词： Large language models Reinforcement learning Human factors Predictive models Cognitive load Real-time systems Robots Monitoring Load modeling Drones

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Slot-Guided Adaptation of Pre-trained Diffusion Models for Object-Centric Learning and Compositional Generation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Akan, Adil Kaan Yemez, Yucel Department of Computer Engineering Koc University Turkey KUIS AI Center Koc University Turkey

We present SlotAdapt, an object-centric learning method that combines slot attention with pretrained diffusion models by introducing adapters for slot-based conditioning. Our method preserves the generative power of pretrained diffusion models, while avoiding their text-centric conditioning bias. We also incorporate an additional guidance loss into our architecture to align cross-attention from adapter layers with slot attention. This enhances the alignment of our model with the objects in the input image without using external supervision. Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in object discovery and image generation tasks across multiple datasets, including those with real images. Furthermore, we demonstrate through experiments that our method performs remarkably well on complex real-world images for compositional generation, in contrast to other slot-based generative methods in the literature. The project page can be found at https://***/SlotAdapt/. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Adversarial learning for Mirai botnet detection based on long short-term memory and XGBoost

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2024年第1期5卷 153-160页

作者： Vajrobol, Vajratiya Gupta, Brij B. Gaurav, Akshat Chuang, Huan-Ming Institute of Informatics and Communication University of Delhi India International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations. Asia University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung413 Taiwan Ronin Institute MontclairNJ United States Department of Information Management National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Taiwan Symbiosis International University Pune India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Beirut1102 Lebanon Dehradun India

In today's world, where digital threats are on the rise, one particularly concerning threat is the Mirai botnet. This malware is designed to infect and command a collection of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The use of Mirai attacks has intensified in recent times, thus threatening the smooth operation of numerous devices that are connected to a network. Such attacks carry adverse consequences that include interference with services or the leakage of confidential information. To fight this growing threat, smart and flexible detection techniques are required to counter the new methods cyber attackers use. The aim of this research is to develop a resilient defense against Mirai botnet attacks. The Long Short Term Memory term (LSTM) and XGBoost combined have the best performance of 97.7% accuracy score. With this combination, the aim is to strengthen our cyber defenses against sophisticated and dynamically operating Mirai botnets to further enhance the security of our digital world. © 2024

关键词： Botnet

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OUS: Bridging Scene Context and Facial Features to Overcome the Rigid Cognitive Problem 39

OUS: Bridging Scene Context and Facial Features to Overcome ...

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39th Annual AAai Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAai 2025

作者： Mai, Xinji Wang, Haoran Tao, Zeng Lin, Junxiong Yan, Shaoqi Wang, Yan Yu, Jiawen Tong, Xuan Li, Yating Zhang, Wenqiang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shanghai Insittute of Techonlogy China Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University China Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Ministry of Education Fudan University China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) is crucial for affective computing but often overlooks the impact of scene context. We have identified a significant issue in current DFER tasks: human annotators typically integrate emotions from various angles, including environmental cues and body language, whereas existing DFER methods tend to consider the scene as noise that needs to be filtered out, focusing solely on facial information. We refer to this as the Rigid Cognitive Problem. The Rigid Cognitive Problem can lead to discrepancies between the cognition of annotators and models in some samples. To align more closely with the human cognitive paradigm of emotions, we propose an Overall Understanding of the Scene DFER method (OUS). OUS effectively integrates scene and facial features, combining scene-specific emotional knowledge for DFER. Extensive experiments on the two largest datasets in the DFER field, DFEW and FERV39k, demonstrate that OUS significantly outperforms existing methods. By analyzing the Rigid Cognitive Problem, OUS successfully understands the complex relationship between scene context and emotional expression, closely aligning with human emotional understanding in real-world scenarios. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

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Future Communication Technology Using Huge Millimeter Waves—An Overview

Future Communication Technology Using Huge Millimeter Waves...

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Computational Intelligence, Communication Technology and Networking (CICTN), International Conference on

作者： Ramiz Salama Fadi Al-Turjman Preeti Chaudhary Latha Banda Department of Computer Engineering AI and Robotics Institute Research Center for AI and IoT Near East University Nicosia Turkey Artificial Intelligence Engineering Dept. AI and Robotics Institute Near East University Nicosia Turkey Research Center for AI and IoT Faculty of Engineering University of Kyrenia Kyrenia Turkey Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun ABES Engineering College Ghaziabad

Frequency selective surface (FSS) was first created by G. Marconi and C. S. Franklin in 1919 and is known as the "Reflector for Wireless Telegraph and Telephone," making a significant contribution to our way of life. In terms of the 1960s, it is impossible to overlook the success attained with the employment of regularly selective surfaces in military intelligence units. These structures, which were occasionally applied to land, air, and sea platforms, displayed low pass, high pass, band pass, or band stop characteristics for particular frequencies and served as electromagnetic filters. Many accomplishments have been made, particularly with platforms that are invisible to target detection systems. The geometry and arrangement of the unit cell in these structures, which are successfully used in many fields such as wireless communication systems, radars, and microwaves, allows for the reflection or transmission of the incoming electromagnetic wave. This is made possible by the advancement of technology. High-speed internet connectivity is possible using millimeter wave, a frequency spectrum between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. Its significance has grown in the fields of radio astronomy, radar, remote sensing, and wireless communications.

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CLIPAway: harmonizing focused embeddings for removing objects via diffusion models 24

CLIPAway: harmonizing focused embeddings for removing object...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yigit Ekin Ahmet Burak Yildirim Erdem Eren Caglar Aykut Erdem Erkut Erdem Aysegul Dundar KUIS AI Center Koç University Istanbul Turkey and Department of Computer Engineering Bilkent University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Bilkent University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Koç University Istanbul Turkey and KUIS AI Center Koç University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Advanced image editing techniques, particularly inpainting, are essential for seamlessly removing unwanted elements while preserving visual integrity. Traditional GAN-based methods have achieved notable success, but recent advancements in diffusion models have produced superior results due to their training on large-scale datasets, enabling the generation of remarkably realistic inpainted images. Despite their strengths, diffusion models often struggle with object removal tasks without explicit guidance, leading to unintended hallucinations of the removed object. To address this issue, we introduce CLIPAway, a novel approach leveraging CLIP embeddings to focus on background regions while excluding foreground elements. CLIPAway enhances inpainting accuracy and quality by identifying embeddings that prioritize the background, thus achieving seamless object removal. Unlike other methods that rely on specialized training datasets or costly manual annotations, CLIPAway provides a flexible, plug-and-play solution compatible with various diffusion-based inpainting techniques. Code and models are available via our project website: https://***/CLIPAway/.

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