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International Winter Workshop on Brain-computer Interface (BCI)

作者： Liang Shen Bo Wen Zihua Chen Minjie Wang Linlin Han Bo Shen Kai Cao Lihua Zhang Jianjun Wu Xiaoyang Kang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Ministry of Education Institute of AI & Robotics Institute of Meta-Medical Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Chengbei Road Yiwu City Zhejiang China

This review delves into the emerging field of endovascular stent electrodes in the realm of brain-computer interfaces, highlighting advancements in their fabrication methods, signal acquisition performance, electrical stimulation effects, and research progress in electrochemical characteristics, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. In comparison to traditional invasive procedures, endovascular stent electrodes, implanted through minimally invasive means, mitigate the risks associated with extensive trauma and tissue inflammation, demonstrating commendable signal acquisition capabilities. While exhibiting a slight deficiency in visual evoked potentials, they showcase accuracy in the acquisition and decoding of motor perception signals, rivaling or surpassing traditional surgical methods. Additionally, the technology shows potential therapeutic efficacy in electrical stimulation applications. Nevertheless, challenges such as electrical stimulation thresholds and visibility issues warrant further research and refinement. In summary, endovascular stent electrodes, as an emerging avenue in brain-computer interfaces, hold promise for significant breakthroughs in future research, opening up new possibilities in the field of neuroscience.

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Delving into Decision-based Black-box Attacks on Semantic Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Zhaoyu Shan, Zhengyang Chang, Jingwen Jiang, Kaixun Yang, Dingkang Cheng, Yiting Zhang, Wenqiang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University China Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University China

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental visual task that finds extensive deployment in applications with security-sensitive considerations. Nonetheless, recent work illustrates the adversarial vulnerability of semantic segmentation models to white-box attacks. However, its adversarial robustness against black-box attacks has not been fully explored. In this paper, we present the first exploration of black-box decision-based attacks on semantic segmentation. First, we analyze the challenges that semantic segmentation brings to decision-based attacks through the case study. Then, to address these challenges, we first propose a decision-based attack on semantic segmentation, called Discrete Linear Attack (DLA). Based on random search and proxy index, we utilize the discrete linear noises for perturbation exploration and calibration to achieve efficient attack efficiency. We conduct adversarial robustness evaluation on 5 models from Cityscapes and ADE20K under 8 attacks. DLA shows its formidable power on Cityscapes by dramatically reducing PSPNet’s mIoU from an impressive 77.83% to a mere 2.14% with just 50 queries. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Fast Walking of Position-Controlled Biped Robot Based on Whole-Body Compliance Control 16th

Fast Walking of Position-Controlled Biped Robot Based on Who...

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16th International Conference on Intelligent robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2023

作者： Zhu, Yiting Xie, Ye Gao, Chengzhi Liang, Dingkun Kong, Lingyu Wang, Xin Xie, Anhuan Gu, Jianjun Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Innovation Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Hangzhou311100 China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou311100 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3H 4R2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819964918

When a biped robot walks at a high speed, only relying on the open-loop gait trajectory based on the linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM), the robot cannot maintain stability. Sudden contact with the ground when landing may cause the robot to be unstable. Simultaneously, when the robot walks faster, the horizontal position of the center of mass (CoM) varies greatly during a walk cycle, and the expected CoM trajectory cannot be accurately tracked, resulting in a deviation from the zero-moment point (ZMP). aiming at the above situation that may occur in fast walking, a whole-body compliance controller with emphasis on making robot’s walking more stable and faster is presented in this paper. The whole-body compliance controller consists of three parts: the CoM compliance controller, the vertical compliance controller and the foot compliance controller, which are used to improve the tracking effect of CoM, reduce the force impact of foot, and adjust the posture of the foot respectively. The simulation results show that with the whole-body compliance controller proposed in this paper, the tracking accuracy of the CoM becomes better, the posture of the robot is more stable during walking, and the landing compliance during landing are greatly improved. Finally, the walking speed of the robot can reach 1.8m/s. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2023.

关键词： Compliance control

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DARA: Decomposition-Alignment-Reasoning Autonomous Language Agent for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fang, Haishuo Zhu, Xiaodan Gurevych, Iryna Department of Computer Science and Hessian Center for AI hessian.AI Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ingenuity Labs Research Institute Queen’s University Canada

Answering Questions over Knowledge Graphs (KGQA) is key to well-functioning autonomous language agents in various real-life applications. To improve the neural-symbolic reasoning capabilities of language agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) in KGQA, we propose the Decomposition-Alignment-Reasoning Agent (DARA) framework. DARA effectively parses questions into formal queries through a dual mechanism: high-level iterative task decomposition and low-level task grounding. Importantly, DARA can be efficiently trained with a small number of high-quality reasoning trajectories. Our experimental results demonstrate that DARA fine-tuned on LLMs (e.g. Llama-2-7B, Mistral) outperforms both in-context learning-based agents with GPT-4 and alternative fine-tuned agents, across different benchmarks in zero-shot evaluation. This makes such models more accessible for real-life applications. We also show that DARA attains performance comparable to state-of-the-art enumerating-and-ranking-based methods for KGQA1 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Enhancing Relation Extraction by Using Shortest Dependency Paths Between Entities with Pre-trained Language Models 16

Enhancing Relation Extraction by Using Shortest Dependency P...

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16th International Conference on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications, INISTA 2022

作者： Karaevli, Haluk Alper Gungor, Tunga Boǧaziçi University Department of Computer Engineering İstanbul Turkey Turkey R&d Center Huawei Technologies Ai Enablement Department Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9781665498104

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498104

Relation Extraction (RE) is the task of finding the relation between entities in a plain text. As the length of the sentences increases, finding the relation becomes more challenging. The shortest dependency path (SDP) between two entities, obtained by traversing the terms in the dependency tree of a sentence, provides a view focused on the entities by pruning noisy words. In the supervised form of the relation extraction task, Relation Classification, the state-of-the-art methods generally integrate a pre-trained language model (PLM) into their approaches. However, none of them incorporates the shortest dependency paths to the best of our *** paper investigates the effects of using shortest dependency paths with pre-trained language models by taking the R-BERT relation classification model as the baseline and building upon it. Our novel approach enhances the baseline model by adding the sequence representation of the shortest dependency path between entities, collected from PLMs, as an additional embedding. In the experiments, we evaluated the proposed model's performance for each combination of SDPs generated from Stanford, HPSG, and LAL dependency parsers with BERT and XLNet PLMs in two datasets, SemEval-2010 Task 8 and TACRED. We improved the baseline model by absolute 1.41% and 3.60% scores, increasing the rankings of the model from 8th to 7th and from 18th to 7th in SemEval-2010 Task 8 and TACRED, respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Non-invasive estimation of the powder size distribution from a single speckle image

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第10期13卷 2221-2230页

作者： Qihang Zhang Ajinkya Pandit Zhiguang Liu Zhen Guo Shashank Muddu Yi Wei Deborah Pereg Neda Nazemifard Charles Papageorgiou Yihui Yang Wenlong Tang Richard D.Braatz Allan S.Myerson George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 117543Singapore Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Process Chemistry Development Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co40 Landsdowne StCambridgeMA 02139USA ShinrAI Center for AI/ML Data Sciences InstitutesTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Co650 E Kendall StCambridgeMA 02142USA Present address:Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Non-invasive characterization of powders may take one of two approaches:imaging and counting individual particles;or relying on scattered light to estimate the particle size distribution(PSD)of the *** former approach runs into practical difficulties,as the system must conform to the working distance and other restrictions of the imaging *** latter approach requires an inverse map from the speckle autocorrelation to the particle *** principle relies on the pupil function determining the basic sidelobe shape,whereas the particle size spread modulates the sidelobe *** recently showed that it is feasible to invert the speckle autocorrelation and obtain the PSD using a neural network,trained efficiently through a physics-informed semi-generative *** this work,we eliminate one of the most time-consuming steps of our previous method by engineering the pupil *** judiciously blocking portions of the pupil,we sacrifice some photons but in return we achieve much enhanced sidelobes and,hence,higher sensitivity to the change of the size *** result is a 60×reduction in total acquisition and processing time,or 0.25 seconds per frame in our *** real-time operation in our system is not only more appealing toward rapid industrial adoption,it also paves the way for quantitative characterization of complex spatial or temporal dynamics in drying,blending,and other chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.

关键词： speckle size distribution

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Wireless Sensor Networks and Green Networking for 6G communication- An Overview

Wireless Sensor Networks and Green Networking for 6G communi...

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Computational Intelligence, Communication Technology and Networking (CICTN), International Conference on

作者： Ramiz Salama Fadi Al-Turjman Dibyahash Bordoloi Satya Prakash Yadav Department of Computer Engineering AI and Robotics Institute Research Center for AI and IoT Near East University Nicosia Turkey Artificial Intelligence Engineering Dept. AI and Robotics Institute Near East University Nicosia Turkey Faculty of Engineering Research Center for AI and IoT University of Kyrenia Kyrenia Turkey Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun RS CSE Graphic Era University Dehradun Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.L. Bajaj Institute of technology and Management (GLBITM) Greater Noida India

Wireless sensor networks and green networking have been major research areas in the field of communication technology for the past few decades. In particular, the development of 6G communication systems has brought renewed focus on these areas, as the demands for higher data rates, more diverse applications, and lower energy consumption continue to increase. The use of wireless sensor networks in 6G communication systems has been widely explored in the literature, and has shown great potential for a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and healthcare. However, a key challenge in the deployment of these networks is ensuring their energy efficiency, as the demands on the network will be much higher than in previous generations. To address this challenge, researchers have proposed various green networking techniques, such as energy harvesting and low-power communication protocols, which have been shown to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the sensors. In addition to improving the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks, researchers have also studied their reliability, scalability, and adaptability. These properties are important in 6G communication systems, as the demands on the network are expected to be much higher than in previous generations. Researchers have proposed various methods to improve the reliability, scalability, and adaptability of wireless sensor networks, including the use of error-correction codes, redundant communication channels, and machine learning algorithms.

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Multimedia Classification via Tensor Linear Discriminant Analysis

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IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 2024年第4期70卷 1139-1152页

作者： Chang, Shih-Yu Wu, Hsiao-Chun Yan, Kun Chih-Hao Huang, Scott Wu, Yiyan San Jose State University Department Of Applied Data Science San JoseCA95192 United States Louisiana State University School Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science Baton RougeLA70803 United States Yuan Ze University Innovation Center For Ai Applications Taoyuan32003 Taiwan Guilin University Of Electronic Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory Of Wireless Wideband Communication And Signal Processing Department Of Information And Telecommunication Guilin541004 China National Tsing Hua University Department Of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300 Taiwan Western University Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering LondonONN6A 3K7 Canada

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-known feature-extraction technique for data analytic and pattern classification. As the dimensionality of multimedia data has increased in this big era, it is often to characterize data by tensors. Over the past two decades, researchers have thus explored to extend LDA to the general tensor space, especially in two common ways: LDA of tensors using tensor decomposition methods (by conversion of tensors to matrices) and LDA of tensors built upon the T-product. However, both of the aforementioned approaches have restrictions thereby. A critical problem about how to carry out LDA of arbitrary scatter tensors based on the Einstein product still remains unsolved by the existing methods. Therefore, we propose a novel tensor LDA (a.k.a. TLDA) approach, which can carry out the LDA of arbitrary-dimensional scatter-tensors without any need of tensor decomposition. Besides, for reducing the computation time, we also design a parallel paradigm to execute our proposed TLDA in this work. Numerical experiments conducted over real multimedia data demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed new TLDA in terms of classification accuracy. Moreover, the comparison of the classification accuracies, computational-complexities, and memory-complexities of our proposed novel TLDA scheme and other existing tensor-based LDA methods is made. By leveraging TLDA for high-dimensional feature extraction, segmentation, and user-item interaction data processing, future multimedia recommendation systems can facilitate more accurate, engaging, and satisfactory user experience over the Internet. © 1963-12012 IEEE.

关键词： Tensors

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DeTrack: In-model Latent Denoising Learning for Visual Object Tracking

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Xinyu Li, Jinglun Hong, Lingyi Jiang, Kaixun Guo, Pinxue Ge, Weifeng Zhang, Wenqiang Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China

Previous visual object tracking methods employ image-feature regression models or coordinate autoregression models for bounding box prediction. Image-feature regression methods heavily depend on matching results and do not utilize positional prior, while the autoregressive approach can only be trained using bounding boxes available in the training set, potentially resulting in suboptimal performance during testing with unseen data. Inspired by the diffusion model, denoising learning enhances the model's robustness to unseen data. Therefore, We introduce noise to bounding boxes, generating noisy boxes for training, thus enhancing model robustness on testing data. We propose a new paradigm to formulate the visual object tracking problem as a denoising learning process. However, tracking algorithms are usually asked to run in real-time, directly applying the diffusion model to object tracking would severely impair tracking speed. Therefore, we decompose the denoising learning process into every denoising block within a model, not by running the model multiple times, and thus we summarize the proposed paradigm as an in-model latent denoising learning process. Specifically, we propose a denoising Vision Transformer (ViT), which is composed of multiple denoising blocks. In the denoising block, template and search embeddings are projected into every denoising block as conditions. A denoising block is responsible for removing the noise in a predicted bounding box, and multiple stacked denoising blocks cooperate to accomplish the whole denoising process. Subsequently, we utilize image features and trajectory information to refine the denoised bounding box. Besides, we also utilize trajectory memory and visual memory to improve tracking stability. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving competitive performance on several challenging datasets. The proposed in-model latent denoising tracker achieve real-time speed, rendering denoising learning

关键词： Regression analysis

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EVREAL: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark and Analysis Suite for Event-based Video Reconstruction

EVREAL: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark and Analysis Suite...

引用

IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Burak Ercan Onur Eker Aykut Erdem Erkut Erdem Computer Engineering Department Hacettepe University HAVELSAN Inc Computer Engineering Department Koç University KUIS AI Center Koç University

Event cameras are a new type of vision sensor that incorporates asynchronous and independent pixels, offering advantages over traditional frame-based cameras such as high dynamic range and minimal motion blur. However, their output is not easily understandable by humans, making the reconstruction of intensity images from event streams a fundamental task in event-based vision. While recent deep learning-based methods have shown promise in video reconstruction from events, this problem is not completely solved yet. To facilitate comparison between different approaches, standardized evaluation protocols and diverse test datasets are essential. This paper proposes a unified evaluation methodology and introduces an open-source framework called EVREAL to comprehensively benchmark and analyze various event-based video reconstruction methods from the literature. Using EVREAL, we give a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art methods for event-based video reconstruction, and provide valuable insights into the performance of these methods under varying settings, challenging scenarios, and downstream tasks.

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