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第十一届亚太控烟大会

作者：贾漫漫李纪宾陈元立代珍郑荣寿徐涛刘伯齐邹小农 Cancer Hospital and Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences STD and AIDS Prevention Branch Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention

【目的】分析吸烟与中国城市女性原发性肺癌(肺癌)死亡率的关系。【方法】选取1986～1988年全国人口死因与吸烟情况的调查资料,根据各城市肺癌患者死亡数量,选取例数较多的27个城市中35～69岁女性患者死亡病例的资料,分析吸烟与中国城... 详细信息

【目的】分析吸烟与中国城市女性原发性肺癌(肺癌)死亡率的关系。【方法】选取1986～1988年全国人口死因与吸烟情况的调查资料,根据各城市肺癌患者死亡数量,选取例数较多的27个城市中35～69岁女性患者死亡病例的资料,分析吸烟与中国城市女性肺癌死亡率的关系。结果:北京、天津等27个城市35～69岁女性在1986～1988年肺癌死亡率合计为35.65/10万;生前吸烟者38.42%。20岁前开始吸烟、20～25岁开始吸烟、每日吸烟量10～19支、累计吸烟年限≥40年与肺癌死亡率均呈正相关,r分别为0.59(P=0.001)、0.51(P=0.007)、0.44(P=0.02)、0.55(P=0.003);35～49岁、50～59岁生前吸烟者比例与该年龄组肺癌死亡率呈正相关,r分别为0.52(P=0.005)、0.44(P=0.02)。结论:中国城市女性开始吸烟的年龄、每日吸烟量、累计吸烟年限和生前吸烟是肺癌发生的重要危险因素。

关键词：原发性肺癌流行病学吸烟死亡率

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Clinician perspectives on delaying initiation of antiretroviral therapy for clinically eligible HIV-infected patients

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Journal of the International Association of Providers of aids Care 2015年第3期14卷 245-254页

作者： Beer, Linda Valverde, Eduardo E. Raiford, Jerris L. Weiser, John White, Becky L. Skarbinski, Jacek Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Division of Global HIV/AIDS Center for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States

Objectives: Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation have evolved, but consistently note that adherence problems should be considered and addressed. Little is known regarding the reasons providers delay ART initiation in clinically eligible patients. Methods: In 2009, we surveyed a probability sample of HIV care providers in 582 outpatient facilities in the United States and Puerto Rico with an open-ended question about nonclinical reasons for delaying ART initiation in otherwise clinically eligible patients. Results: Very few providers (2%) reported never delaying ART. Reasons for delaying ART were concerns about patient adherence (68%), patient acceptance (60%), and structural barriers (33%). Provider and practice characteristics were associated with reasons for delaying ART. Conclusion: Reasons for delaying ART were consistent with clinical guidelines and were both patient level and structural. Providers may benefit from training and access to referrals for ancillary services to enhance their ability to monitor and address these issues with their patients.

关键词： adherence antiretroviral therapy clinical practice

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Associated Mortality during Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment in Six Provinces of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第6期28卷 421-428页

作者： LAI Yu Ji LIU Er Yong WANG Li Ming Jamie P MORANO WANG Ning Kaveh KHOSHNOOD ZHOU Lin CHENG Shi Ming Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine University of South FloridaMorsani College of Medicine Yale University School of Public Health New Haven

Objective To investigate the risk factors attributable to tuberculosis-related deaths in areas with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection epidemics. Methods A prospective cohort study of newly registered patients in tuberculosis（TB） dispensaries in six representative Chinese provinces was conducted from September 1, 2009 to August 31, 2011. Risk factors for TB-associated death were identified through logistic regression analysis. Results Of 19,103 newly registered pulmonary TB patients, 925（4.8%） were found to be HIV-positive. Miliary TB and acid-fast bacillus smear-negative TB were more common among these patients. Out of a total of 322（1.7%） deaths that occurred during TB treatment, 85（26%） of the patients were co-infected with HIV. Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV infection was the strongest predictor of death [adjusted odds ratio（aO R） 7.86]. Other significant mortality risk factors included presentation with miliary TB（aO R 4.10; 95% confidence interval： 2.14-7.88）, ≥35 years of age（aO R 3.04）, non-Han ethnicity（aO R 1.67）, and farming as an occupation（aO R 1.59）. For patients with TB/HIV co-infection, miliary TB was the strongest risk factor for death（aO R 5.48）. A low CD4 count（≤ 200 cells/μL）（aO R 3.27） at the time of TB treatment initiation and a lack of antiretroviral therapy（ART） administration（aO R 3.78） were also correlated with an increased risk of death. Conclusion Infection with HIV was independently associated with increased mortality during TB treatment. Offering HIV testing at the time of diagnosis with TB, early TB diagnosis among HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and the timely provision of ART were identified as the key approaches that could reduce the number of HIV-associated TB deaths.

关键词： Tuberculosis Human immunodeficiency virus Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Mortality

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Neutropenia in HIV-infected Kenyan women receiving triple antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission is not associated with serious clinical sequelae

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Journal of the International Association of Providers of aids Care 2015年第3期14卷 261-268页

作者： Iuliano, A. Danielle Weidle, Paul J. Brooks, John T. Masaba, Rose Girde, Sonali Ndivo, Richard Ogindo, Paul Omolo, Paul Zeh, Clement Thomas, Timothy K. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Kenya Medical Research Institute CDC Kisumu Kenya ICF International Atlanta GA United States

Background: Absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) are lower in East African adults. To assess the impact of lower ANCs, we reviewed data from HIV-infected Kenyan women receiving antiretroviral therapy antepartum and postpartum. Methods: The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (KiBS) participants received an antiretroviral regimen from 34 weeks gestation through 6 months postpartum. Measured ANCs and subsequent illnesses were reviewed. Adverse events (AEs) potentially attributable to neutropenia were identified, and ANCs were graded using the 2004 Division of aids table for Grading the Severity of AEs. Results: Among 478 women with ≥1 postpartum ANC measured, 298 (62.1%) women met criteria for an AE (<1.3 × 10⁹ cells/L). Of those, 38 (12.5%) women experienced a nonlife-threatening illness potentially attributable to neutropenia. Conclusion: More than half of KiBS women met criteria for neutropenia. The mild clinical experience of most participants with low ANCs supports that these values might be typical for this population and may not result in adverse clinical sequelae.

关键词： absolute neutrophil counts adverse events African HIV infected pregnant

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Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir and Lamivudine in Combination with Efavirenz in Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第3期129卷 304-308页

作者： Ya-Song Wu Wei-Wei Zhang Xue-Mei Ling Lian Yang Shao-Biao Huang Xi-Cheng Wang Hao Wu Wei-Ping Cai Min Wang Hui Wang Yan-Fen Liu Hao-Lan He Fei-Li Wei Zun-You Wu Fu-Jie Zhang National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Department of Infectious Diseases The Third People's Hospital of Hengyang City Hengyang Hunan 421005 China Department of Infectious Diseases The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning City Nanning Guangxi 530023 China Department of Infectious Diseases Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital Kunming Yunnan 650301 China Center for Infectious Diseases Beijing You'an Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China Department of Infectious Diseases Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong 510060 China The Institute of HIV/AIDS The First Hospital of Changsha Changsha Hunan 410005 China Department of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Third People's Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518112 China Department of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100015 China

Background： The prevalence of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is high among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） in *** HIV and HBV can be treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate （TDF） and lamivudine （3TC）, so we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy （ART） that included TDF, 3TC, and efavirenz （EFV） among ART-naive individuals who were co-infected with HIV and ***： One hundred HIV/HBV co-infected ARV-naive individuals were started on the regimen ofTDF, 3TC, and EFV, and the levels of plasma HBV DNA, HIV RNA, and biochemical evaluation related to the function of liver and kidney were ***： Concerning efficacy, this study found that by week 48, the vast majority co-infected participants receiving this ART regimen had undetectable HBV DNA levels （71%） and/or HIV RNA levels （90%）.Concerning safety, this study found that the median estimated glomerular filtration rate of participants decreased from baseline （109 ml＆#183;min-1＆#183; 1.73 m-2） to week 12 （104 ml＆#183;min-1＆#183; 1.73 m-2） but was almost back to baseline at week 48 （1 1 1 ml＆#183;min-1＆#183; 1.73 m-2）.Conclusion： This combination ART regimen is safe and effective for patients with HIV/HBV *** Registration： ***, NCT01751555;https：//***/ct2/show/NCT01751555.

关键词： Antiretroviral Therapy Co-infection Hepatitis B Virus Human lmmunodeficiency Virus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

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Reply to Jones

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The Journal of infectious diseases 2016年第4期213卷 686-7页

作者： Kathleen N Ly R Monina Klevens Ruth B Jiles Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia.

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The Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance among Treatment-failure Individuals and Treatment-nave Individuals in China:A Meta-analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期27卷 858-871页

作者： WU Jing NORRIS Jessie LIU Hui Xin LI Zheng SU Ying Ying ZHU Lin WANG Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China Center for Disease and Prevention School of Agroforestry & Medicine the Open University of China

Objective To understand drug resistance prevalence among treatment-failure and treatment-nave HIV-positive individuals in *** We searched five electronic databases（Wanfang,CNKI,CQVIP,SinoMed,and Pubmed） for studies of HIV drug ***-effects models were carried out to estimate the prevalence of drug resistance among treatment-failure and treatment-nave individuals,*** The estimated nationwide rates of HIV drug resistance to any-class drugs among treatment-failure and treatment-nave individuals were 57%（95% CI：49%-65%） and 3.23%（95% CI：2.47%-4.07%）,*** the drug classes,the prevalence of resistance to PIs was low（1.45%;95% CI：0.73%-2.33%） in treatment-failure individuals,although high rates of resistance to NNRTIs（54%;95% CI：45%-63%） and NRTIs（40%;95% CI：32%-49%） were *** to any-class drugs,NNRTIs and NRTIs manifested regional differences,but resistance to PIs did *** correlations were observed between resistance to NNRTIs and NRTIs among treatment-failure and treatment-nave individuals,*** The prevalence of HIV drug resistance to NNRTIs and NRTIs among treatment-failure individuals was *** contrast,the prevalence of drug resistance among treatment-nave individuals was *** epidemics of drug resistance matched current treatment strategies and interventions in *** for HIV drug resistance is necessary to assess the sustainability and durability of current treatment regimens.

关键词： HIV Drug resistance Meta-analysis China

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Higher levels of circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are correlated with viremia and increased sCD 163 levels in HIV- 1 infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第4期12卷 435-443页

作者： Hua Liang Zhaojun Duan Dan Li Dongliang Li ZhengWang Li Ren Tao Shen Yiming Shao State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China CDC CollaborativeInnovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Beijing China Department of Microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPekin8 University Beijing China and 3Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China Correspondence: Dr T Shen Department of Microbiology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China.

Increased levels of monocyte-platelet aggregates （MPAs） are reported to be highly correlated with cardiovascular events. In this study, the MPA levels in different monocyte subsets and the associations between MPA levels, HIV-1 viremia and monocyte activation were evaluated during HIV-1 infection. The results showed that the percentages of MPAs in all three monocyte subsets were higher in HIV-l-infected subjects than in healthy controls, and were associated with the plasma viral load in the non-classical and intermediate monocyte subsets. The plasma levels of sCD14 and sCD163 were upregulated in HIV-1 infection and were positively associated with viral loads and negatively associated with CD4 counts. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 （PSGL-1） was shown to be expressed at significantly lower levels on all three monocyte subsets and was negatively correlated with the sCD163 level. The MPA level was correlated with the levels of plasma sCD163 but negatively correlated with CD163 and PSGL-1 on all three monocyte subsets. An elevated immune activation status was correlated with increased MPA formation, underlying the potential interaction between monocyte activation and MPA formation. This interaction may be related to a higher thromboembolic risk in patients infected with HIV-I.

关键词： HIV-1 immune activation monocytes platelets sCD163

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Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009-2014

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Scientific Reports 2015年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： Li, Zheng Liao, Lingjie Feng, Yi Zhang, Jing Yan, Jing He, Cui Xu, Wei Ruan, Yuhua Xing, Hui Shao, Yiming State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Beijing China

To investigate the origins of HIV transmission and phylogenetic dynamics among men who have sex with men (MSM), a total of 1205 newly diagnosed HIV-infected 16-25 year-olds were recruited in 13 provinces across China between 2009 and 2014. Based on phylogenetic analyses of partial pol sequences, HIV-1 subtypes including CRF01-AE (45.3%), CRF07-BC (37.8%), subtype B (6.1%), and B' (3.7%), as well as some other recombinants (7.1%) were identified. In addition to two distinct CRF01-AE clusters [cluster 4 (33.7%, 406/1205) and cluster 5 (7.1%, 85/1205)], we identified a new CRF07-BC cluster (cluster 1) (36.0%, 434/1205), which entered Chinese MSMs in 2004, and had been rapidly spreading since about 2004, which indicating the third wave of the HIV epidemic among the population. Moreover, two new clusters of CRF-01B recombinants were found in this study. The complexities of HIV subtypes and recombinants strongly supports the necessity for a comprehensive study about risk behaviors and their relationship with increasing HIV epidemic subtypes among the MSM group. Implementation and evaluation of comprehensive harm reduction strategies in Chinese MSM are urgently needed. © 2015, Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

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