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Xenotransplantation: Is the Future Upon Us?

Infection control & Hospital Epidemiology 2015年第5期19卷 305-307页

作者： Michele L. Pearson William R. Jarvis Thomas M. Folks Louisa E. Chapman Hospital Infections Program National Center for Infectious Diseases Atlanta Georgia Division of AIDS STD TB Laboratory Research National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Trial Participants in Botswana

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World Journal of aids 2015年第1期5卷 10-20页

作者： Lauren Toledo Eleanor McLellan-Lemal Faith L. Henderson Poloko M. Kebaabetswe ICF International Atlanta USA Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta USA HIV Prevention Research Unit CDC Botswana Gaborone Botswana Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Recent clinical trials have shown that a daily dose of oral TDF/FTC pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in reducing human immunodeficiency (HIV) risk. Understanding trial participants’ perspectives about retention and PrEP adherence is critical to inform future PrEP trials and the scale-up and implementation of PrEP programs. We analyzed 53 in-depth interviews conducted in April 2010 with participants in the TDF2 study, a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled clinical trial of daily oral TDF/FTC with heterosexual men and women in Francistown and Gaborone, Botswana. We examined participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of the trial, identified facilitators and barriers to enrollment and retention, and compared participant responses by study site, sex, and study drug adherence. Our findings point to several factors to consider for participant retention and adherence in PrEP trials and programs, including conducting pre-enrollment education and myth reduction counseling, providing accurate estimates of participant obligations and side effect symptoms, ensuring participant understanding of the effects of non-adherence, gauging personal commitment and interest in study outcomes, and developing a strong external social support network for participants.

关键词： Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis HIV/aids Botswana Qualitative Research

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中疾控HIV疫苗临床前和临床试验研究进展

中疾控HIV疫苗临床前和临床试验研究进展

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2015年度艾滋病学术交流大会

作者： Yiming Shao National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

国际艾滋病疫苗研究已经开展的临床试验，介绍了中疾控突破艾滋病疫苗研制瓶颈的策略，提出中国农科院科学家沈荣显院士研制成功世界上首个慢病毒疫苗，中华民族是世界上第一个使用疫苗预防疾病的民族，中国在世界上第一个研制成功细胞... 详细信息

国际艾滋病疫苗研究已经开展的临床试验，介绍了中疾控突破艾滋病疫苗研制瓶颈的策略，提出中国农科院科学家沈荣显院士研制成功世界上首个慢病毒疫苗，中华民族是世界上第一个使用疫苗预防疾病的民族，中国在世界上第一个研制成功细胞精制疫苗并用之消灭天花。中国疾控中心以减毒天花疫苗复制型载体为基础研制艾滋病疫苗。

关键词：艾滋病疫苗研制临床试验

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The us national tuberculosis surveillance system: A descriptive assessment of the completeness and consistency of data reported from 2008 to 2012

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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2015年第2期1卷 e15页

作者： Woodruff, Rachel S. Yelk Pratt, Robert H. Armstrong, Lori R. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Atlanta GA United States

Background: In 2009, the Tuberculosis (TB) Information Management System transitioned into the National TB Surveillance System to allow use of 4 different types of electronic reporting schemes: State-built, commercial, and 2 schemes developed by the centers for Disease control and prevention. Simultaneously, the reporting form was revised to include additional data fields. Objective: Describe data completeness for the years 2008-2012 and determine the impact of surveillance changes. Methods: Data were categorized into subgroups and assessed for completeness (eg, the percentage of patients dead at diagnosis who had a date of death reported) and consistency (eg, the percentage of patients alive at diagnosis who erroneously had a date of death reported). Reporting jurisdictions were grouped to examine differences by reporting scheme. Results: Each year less than 1% of reported cases had missing information for country of origin, race, or ethnicity. Patients reported as dead at diagnosis had death date (a new data field) missing for 3.6% in 2009 and 4.4% in 2012. From 2010 to 2012, 313 cases (1%) reported as alive at diagnosis had a death date and all of these were reported through state-built or commercial systems. The completeness of reporting for guardian country of birth for pediatric patients (a new data field) ranged from 84% in 2009 to 88.2% in 2011. Conclusions: Despite major changes, completeness has remained high for most data elements in TB surveillance. However, some data fields introduced in 2009 remain incomplete;continued training is needed to improve national TB surveillance data. © JMIR Publications Inc.

关键词： Data cleaning Disease notification Information systems Public health surveillance Quality assurance

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Dysfunctional Characteristics of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by CD56+Natural Killer cells in chronic HCV infection

Dysfunctional Characteristics of antibody-dependent cellular...

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第十一届全国病毒学学术研讨会暨第六届武汉现代病毒学国际研讨会

作者： Xueying Fan Lu Long Manxue Jia Hua Liang Xiangbo Huang Liyan Zhu Fengmin Lu State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijing 10026China Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

Objective:As an important cooperated immune response of innate and adaptive immunity,CD56+ NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(NK-ADCC)is of considerable interest in viral ***,limited knowledge w... 详细信息

关键词： NK cells ADCC HCV epitope neutralizing antibodies

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Meningococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of cases reported through active surveillance in the United States, 2000-2008

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2016年第4期3卷 ofw226页

作者： Harris, Christine M. Wu, Henry M. Li, Jianmin Hall, H. Irene Lee, Adria Zell, Elizabeth Harrison, Lee H. Petit, Susan Farley, Monica M. Lynfield, Ruth Miller, Lisa Nichols, Megin Reingold, Arthur Schaffner, William Thomas, Ann MacNeil, Jessica R. Clark, Thomas A. Cohn, Amanda C. Division of Bacterial Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Logistics Health Inc. La Crosse WI United States Emory University 550 Peachtree Street NE MOT 7 Atlanta 30308 GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Connecticut Department of Public Health Hartford United States Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta VA Medical Center GA United States Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul MN United States Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver CO United States New Mexico Department of Health Sante Fe NM United States School of Public Health University of California Berkeley CA United States Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN United States Oregon Department of Human Services Portland OR United States

Background. Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an established risk factor for several bacterial infections, the association between HIV infection and meningococcal disease remains unclear. Methods. Expanded chart reviews were completed on persons with meningococcal disease and HIV infection reported from 2000 through 2008 from 9 US sites participating in an active population-based surveillance system for meningococcal disease. The incidence of meningococcal disease among patients meeting centers for Disease control and prevention acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) surveillance criteria was estimated using data from the National HIV Surveillance System for the participating sites. Results. Thirty-three cases of meningococcal disease in individuals with HIV infection were reported from participating sites, representing 2.0% of all reported meningococcal disease cases. Most (75.8%) persons with HIV infection were adult males aged 25 to 64 years old. Among all meningococcal disease cases aged 25 to 64 years old, case fatality ratios were similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons (13.3% vs 10.6%;P = .6). The cumulative, mean incidence of meningococcal disease among patients aged 25 to 64 years old with HIV infection ever classified as aids was 3.5 cases per 100 000 person years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.6), compared with 0.3 cases per 100 000 person years (95% CI, 0.3-0.3) for persons of the same age group not reported to have aids (relative risk = 12.9;95% CI, 7.9-20.9). Conclusions. Individuals with HIV infection meeting the aids surveillance case definition have a higher incidence of meningococcal disease compared with the general adult population. Copyright © 2018 Oxford University Press.

关键词： Disease surveillance HIV Meningitis Meningococcal disease

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HIV-infected Female Sex Workers High Risk Behavior and Attitude Changes in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期27卷 444-452页

作者： DING Guo Wei HSI Jenny H LIU Hui Xin SU Ying Ying WANG Jun Jie BAI Jun WANG Gui Xiang WANG Hai Bo DONG Rui Ling WANG Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen International Travel Healthcare Center

Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.

关键词： HIV-infected Female sex workers Sexual behavior Change

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CD160 plays as a co-stimulatory molecule to promote CD8+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity and correlates with viral suppression and slow disease progress during persistent viral infection

CD160 plays as a co-stimulatory molecule to promote CD8+ T-c...

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第十届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Jianqing Xu Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health Fudan University Yuncheng CDC Department of AIDS/STD Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Pathology The University of Chicago

It remains elusive on the role of CD8 T cells in persistent viral infection. Here we employed HIV and LCMV infection models and identified that the up-regulation of CD8 T-cell mediated cytotoxicity but not cytokines, which could be regulated by CD160-mediated pathway, correlates with viral suppression and slow disease progress during persistent viral infection. During chronic HIV infection, CD160 phenotyped CD8 T cell population is enriched in HIV+ subjects with elevated CD4 T-cell counts and culminated in long-term nonprogressors/slow progressor. Increased frequency of CD160CD8 T cells in HIV+ subjects predicts a benign clinical course in a three-year longitudinal observation. CD160HIV-specific CD8 T cells are polyfunctional and proliferative upon HIV antigen stimulation and resistant to HVEM mediated inhibition whereas CD160- HIV-specific CD8 T cells are unable to do so. Cross-linking of CD160 with anti-CD160 antibodies significantly enhances the capacity of CD8 T cells to produce granzyme B and to degranulate their cytotoxic molecules but resulted in slightly decreased production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in response to cognate antigen stimulation. Knocking out CD160 in mice significantly damages CD8 T-cell functionalities and attenuates their capacity to suppress LCMV replication. These results demonstrated for the first time that CD160 plays as a costimulatory role on CD8 T cells and defines a proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell population. The triggering of CD160 with anti-CD160 antibodies may provide a useful tool for clinical immune intervention during persistent viral infection.

关键词： Persistent infection Immune Protection CD8+ T cells CD160 Cytotoxicity

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Effects of patient load and travel distance on HIV transmission in a cohort of serodiscordant couples in rural China: a longitudinal analysis

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The Lancet 2016年 388卷 S65-S65页

作者： M Kumi Smith William C Miller Huixin Liu Chuanyi Ning Wensheng He Myron S Cohen Ning Wang University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Ohio State University College of Public Health Columbus OH USA Department of Clinical Epidemiology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China University of North Carolina Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA Zhumadian City Center for Disease Control Prevention Zhumadian China National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Changping District Beijing China

Background Sustained viral suppression through antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk of sexual HIV transmission. However, it can require routine access to reliable and effective medical care, which can be difficult to obtain in resource-constrained areas. We investigated the effects of patient load and travel distance to an HIV care clinic on transmission risk in HIV serodiscordant couples in the Henan Province, China. Methods The study cohort arises from a population of HIV-infected individuals in central rural China where regional blood selling scandals in the 1990s led to mass HIV transmission of up to 30 000 people though unsanitary blood collection practices. Local disease control centres in our study prefecture followed up patients with HIV and their uninfected spouses to monitor transmission events since 2006. Eligible couples had to be registered residents living in the study prefecture, older than 16 years (the age of legal consent in China), in a stable marriage (no separation or divorce), one partner confirmed to be HIV seropositive and the other seronegative, and be willing to provide written or verbal informed consent. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare events of HIV transmission between couples living near (<50 km), medium (≥50 km), or far (>100 km) distances from their assigned HIV care clinics, as well as between those attending clinics with high (>100 patients per clinician) versus low (≤100 patients per clinician) patient loads. Ethics approval for the analysis of these data for research purposes was provided by the Institutional Review Board of the National center for aids/std control and prevention (NCaids) at the Chinese centers for Disease control and prevention. This analysis relied on an agreement between the Institutional Review Boards of NCaids and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Findings 3611 HIV-serodiscordant couples contributed a total of 21 231 person-years. Index partners received HIV care at 15

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Association between Macroscopic-factors and Identified HIV/aids Cases among Injecting Drug Users: An Analysis Using Geographically Weighted Regression Model

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期27卷 311-318页

作者： XING Jian Nan GUO Wei QIAN Sha Sha DING Zheng Wei CHEN Fang Fang PENG Zhi Hang QIN Qian Qian WANG Lu National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University

Drug use （DU）, particularly injecting drug use （IDU） has been the main route of transmission and spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus （HIV）/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome （aidsJ among injecting drug users （IDUs）[1]. Previous studies have proven that needles or cottons sharing during drug injection were major risk factors for HIV/aids transmission at the personal level[z4]. Being a social behavioral issue, HIV/aids related risk factors should be far beyond the personal level. Therefore, studies on HIV/aids related risk factors should focus not only on the individual factors, but also on the association between HIV/aids cases and macroscopic-factors, such as economic status, transportation, health care services, etc[1]. The impact of the macroscopic-factors on HIV/aids status might be either positive or negative, which are potentially reflected in promoting, delaying or detecting HIV/aids epidemics.

关键词： aids HIV An Analysis Using Geographically Weighted Regression Model

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