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HIV/aids epidemic and the development of comprehensive surveillance system in China with challenges

Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第23期123卷 3495-3500页

作者： WANG Lu WANG Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention ChineseCentre for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

aids is the most severe infectious disease that has appeared in the second half of the 20th *** the United States center of Disease control ＆ prevention （US CDC） reported the first case of HIV carrier in the men who had sex with men （MSM）population in 1981, HIV/aids had spread globally. By the end of December 2008, UNaids and WHO estimated that there were 3340 million （3110-3580 million）infected with HIV/aids worldwide.1 While the HIV/aids epidemic in Asia began later than the epidemic in Europe, America and Africa, experts predict that countries in Asia, especially in three countries, China,India and Indonesia, which have a population of more than 100 million, will have the world＇s largest number of HIV/aids in the near future.

关键词： comprehensive surveillance system acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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Partner concurrency and the std/HIV epidemic

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Current Infectious Disease Reports 2010年第2期12卷 134-139页

作者： Aral, Sevgi O. Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop E-02 United States

Conceptually and theoretically, it is easy to see how short gaps and concurrent partnerships fuel the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV in populations. The consequences of concurrency are bounded by the duration of the infectious period and by the relationships between concurrent partnerships and other dimensions of sexual behavior. Consequently, it is difficult to predict how concurrent partnerships or short gaps may be related to the spread of STI and HIV in a particular epidemiologic context in empirical reality. In recent years, analyses of sexual behavior data collected through nationally representative surveys revealed similar prevalences of concurrent sexual partnerships in Western populations. The association between concurrent sexual partnerships and STI/HIV risk is complicated. At the population level, recent findings suggest that the ecological association between polygyny and HIV prevalence is negative at the country level and at the sub-national level. To address the need for agreed-upon standard definitions and measures of concurrent sexual partnerships, which will facilitate comparisons across time and settings, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/aids (UNaids) Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections convened a meeting in April 2009. The recommendations developed at this meeting include suggestions for a definition, indicators, and measures of concurrency. © The Author(s) 2010.

关键词： aids Concurrency Cuncurrent Gap Multiple sex partners Partnerships Sexual networks Sexual structure std

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Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as a prognostic factorin cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2010年第4期4卷 457-462页

作者： Shang-Long LIU Zi-Fang SONG Qing-Gang HU Duo SHAN Shao-Bo HU Jun LI Qi-Chang ZHENG Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 levels in the survival of patients with *** published up to June 1st,2010 that evaluated preoperative CA19-9 levels and the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma were collected for *** required information for calculating indivi-dual relative risk(RR)was extracted from the studies,and a combined overall RR was *** eligible studies were *** study dealt with extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma,while the other eight studies analyzed intra-hepatic *** mean methodolo-gical quality score was 74.1%,ranging from 65.5%to 82.5%.The overall RR for the nine studies was 1.28(95%conﬁdence interval=1.10–1.46),and the Z-score for overall effect was 13.83(P<0.001).The association between serum CA19-9 level and lymph node involvement was also *** combined RR was 1.471(95%conﬁdence interval=0.411–5.264)and Z-score for overall effect was 0.59(P=0.553).CA19-9 levels were associated signiﬁcantly with the prognosis of patients with *** meta-analysis shows that elevation of preoperative CA19-9 levels is correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with ***,larger scale and randomized studies are needed to draw a more substantive conclusion.

关键词： cholangiocarcinoma prognostic factors serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9

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NRTIs’ effect on the sequence of mitochondrial DNA HV 2 in HIV infected patients

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Frontiers of Medicine 2010年第2期4卷 177-184页

作者： Ya-Song WU Xin-Yue CHEN Ying SHI Hao WU De-Xi CHEN Yu SUN Fu-Jie ZHANG Division of Treatment and Care National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Center for Infectious Diseases Beijing You’an HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Beijing Ditan Hospital Beijing 100015China

Potent combination antiretroviral therapy(cART)has signiﬁcantly improved the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeﬁciency virus(HIV),but it has many side effects such as lipodystrophy(LD),hepatic steatosis,and lactic *** reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs)could damage the mito-chondria by inhibiting the human DNA polymerase gamma,leading to mtDNA ***,it remains uncertain whether NRTIs could induce the hypervariable region(HV)mutations of the D loop of mitochondria in Chinese HIV/aids patients,and whether that effect is different between individuals with and without ***,30 Chinese aids patients who were receiving antiretroviral drugs were recruited,among which 16 had symptomatic LD and 14 did *** samples were collected prior to and after 96 weeks of *** DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Fragments of 728 bp in length containing HV 2 were ampliﬁed by standard polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Direct DNA-sequencing analysis techni-ques were used to detect mitochondrial sequence variants between paired longitudinal *** were compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence(rCRS)to determine mutation or *** showed that two years after ART,totally seven cases exhibited sequence variations,ﬁve individuals showed 73 A!G revised variation(two with and three without LD),while two cases of LD were found to have other nucleotide *** was no new alteration in individuals without *** conclusion,NRTIs could induce mutation of mtDNA HV 2,which might contribute to the development of LD.

关键词： nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors human immunodeﬁciency virus mitochondrial DNA D loop mutation

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IL-15 increases the frequency of effectormemory CD8^(+) T cells in rhesus monkeys immunized with HIV vaccine

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第6期7卷 491-494页

作者： Shirui Li Xiangrong Qi Yingying Gao Yanling Hao Lianxian Cui Li Ruan Wei He Department of Immunology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeNational Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina Division of Virology and Immunology National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Several studies have suggested that interleukin(IL)-15 is a promising adjuvant that promotes cellular immunity when administered with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** we evaluated the effect of IL-15 plasmid on HIV-specific immune responses,especially cellular immunity,in eight rhesus *** monkeys were immunized three times with HIV DNA vaccine with or without IL-15 plasmid and boosted with recombinant Tiantan strain vaccinia virus-based HIV vaccine(rTV)22 weeks after the first *** we did not detect any significant differences in the HIV-specific CD81 T-cell response between monkeys with IL-15 coimmunization and monkeys with HIV vaccine alone,our results showed that the frequency of effector CD8^(+) memory T cells in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in monkeys with IL-15 coimmunization than those with HIV vaccine alone at almost all of the time points ***,the titers of anti-HIV antibodies were higher in Group T than those in Group C after rTV *** findings in rhesus monkeys suggest that IL-15 may be useful as a cytokine adjuvant for HIV vaccine.

关键词： adjuvant effector memory CD8^(+)T cell HIV vaccine IL-15

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Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of HIV Mother to Child Transmission in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期23卷 402-408页

作者： JUN-JIE WANG KATHLEEN HEATHER REILLY HUA HAN ZHI-HANG PENG NING WANG National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA National ASIC Design Engineering Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China

Objective to explore dynamic characteristics of the HIV mother to child transmission （MTCT） epidemic in *** A deterministic dynamic transmission model was used to determine the effect of key parameters on the likely long-term trends of the HIV MTCT epidemic in *** 7.0 was used to develop the *** The number of the susceptibles （S）,the transmission rate （β）,and the screening proportion （α） of HIV positive pregnant women have the greatest impact on the HIV MTCT epidemic in *** growth of the MTCT epidemic in China could not be controlled only by decreasing the MTCT transmission *** prevalence of HIV positive women should be reduced and more pregnant women should be tested for *** prevention of MTCT （PMTCT） should focus not only on the reduction of HIV transmission rates and incidences of HIV among women but also on the increase of HIV testing for pregnant *** most cost-effective PMTCT means for China should be investigated in future studies.

关键词： mother to child transmission dynamic model HIV China

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Estimation of Probability of Unprotected Heterosexual Vaginal Transmission of HIV-1 from Clients to Female Sex Workers in Kaiyuan,Yunnan Province, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期23卷 287-292页

作者： WEN-JUAN MA JUN-JIE WANG KATHLEEN-H. REILLY AI-MEI BI GUO-WEI DING KUMI SMITH NING WANG School of Public Health Peking Union Medical College Tsinghua University Beijing 100730 China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA Kaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kaiyuan 661600 Yunnan China University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

Objective To estimate the probability of unprotected heterosexual vaginal transmission of HIV-1 from clients to Female Sex Workers （FSWs） in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan province, China, and analyze factors which impact the transmission probability. Methods An open cohort research of FSWs in Kaiyuan was created from surveys conducted in April 2008, October 2008, and April 2009. Two cross-sectional surveys of local clients were also carried out in May 2008 and November 2008. A model was developed to estimate the probability of unprotected heterosexual vaginal transmission of HIV-1 from clients to FSWs. Results The transmission probability from clients to FSWs was estimated as 0.0023 [95% CI 0.0014-0.0032] per unprotected heterosexual act. Conclusion The transmission probability among this group engaging in commercial sex in Yunnan province differs from that found in studies from other countries, and future studies should estimate the influence factors of HIV-1 transmission probability, such as stage of HIV infection, co-morbid sexually transmitted infections （STIs）.

关键词： Transmission Probability HIV/aids Model FSW Clients

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Murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) and Xenotropic MuLV-related viruses exhibit inter-tropic complex recombination patterns

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Retrovirology 2011年第1期8卷 1-1页

作者： Mattia C F Prosperi Marco Salemi William M Switzer Walid Heneine Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine Emerging Pathogens Institute College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Laboratory Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA

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Tuberculosis control: Lessons for outbreak preparedness in correctional facilities

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Journal of Correctional Health Care 2010年第3期16卷 239-242页

作者： Parvez, Farah M. Lobato, Mark N. Greifinger, Robert B. Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Center for Research and Evaluation John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York NY United States

Correctional facilities typically house large numbers of persons in close and crowded conditions for long periods. Clusters of communicable diseases ranging from simple viral upper respiratory infections to more serious threats, such as tuberculosis (TB), infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and influenza, often emerge in these surroundings. The recent H1N1 influenza pandemic highlights the importance of outbreak prevention and containment preparedness, particularly in congregate settings. In this commentary, the authors propose that the TB control model can provide valuable lessons for infection control practitioners to prepare for, identify, investigate, and control outbreaks of communicable diseases to prevent transmission in correctional facilities and to the surrounding community. © The Author(s) 2010.

关键词： Communicable disease Correctional health care Infection control Tuberculosis

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Dynamic mathematical models of HIV/aids transmission in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第15期123卷 2120-2127页

作者： WANG Jun-jie Kathleen Heather Reilly LUO Jing ZANG Chun-peng WANG Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine USA

Social, cultural, and political aspects of the disease may alter the dynamics of *** the early 1980s, China＇s first outbreak of HIV was found in intravenous drug users （IDUs） and in the mid-1990s,there was a concen... 详细信息

关键词： HIV dynamic model transmission

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