Worldwide, the hepatitis C vires （HCV） and human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） pandemics poseserious threats to global health, currently infecting 130 million and 40 million people respectively. Of those infected w...
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Worldwide, the hepatitis C vires （HCV） and human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） pandemics poseserious threats to global health, currently infecting 130 million and 40 million people respectively. Of those infected with HW, an estimated 4-12 million are co-infected with HCV. Due to shared risk factors for transmission, co-infection with HIV and HCV is common in China. Liver disease was the second leading cause of death behind acquired imunodeficiency syndrome （aids） in co-infected patients. Several studies have confirmed that HIV co-infection accelerates the clinical course of chronic HCV infection and leads to an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and decompensated liver disease.
To assess the influence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) on HIV-1 infection and the in vivo control of virus,294 HIV-positive and 59 HIV-negative former blood donors(FBDs) in Fuyang City of Anhui province were enrolled...
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To assess the influence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) on HIV-1 infection and the in vivo control of virus,294 HIV-positive and 59 HIV-negative former blood donors(FBDs) in Fuyang City of Anhui province were enrolled to perform HLA genotyping and the association of HIV-1 infection and the allele distribution were *** viral load and CD4/CD8 T cell counts were assessed in all *** observed that the frequency of HLA-A*03
China＇s rapidly evolving HIV/aids epidemic calls for a dramatic expansion of both prevention and treatment services. Official state media recently reported that for the first time, in 2008, HIV/aids became China＇s l...
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China＇s rapidly evolving HIV/aids epidemic calls for a dramatic expansion of both prevention and treatment services. Official state media recently reported that for the first time, in 2008, HIV/aids became China＇s leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Estimates from the Ministry of Health indicate that around 700 000 people were living with HIV and 85 000 people had aids in 2007. Initially, HIV-1 infection was confined primarily to certain high-risk populations such as injection drug users （IDU） along drug-trafficking routes, and former plasma donors （FPD） in rural communities in east-central China. Now, however, HIV prevalence is increasing among female sex workers （FSW） and men who have sex with men （MSM）.
Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes ...
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Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of aids development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors （LTNP） of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles. Methods The study subjects were divided into LTNPI（n=14）, LTNP2 （n=16） and slow progressor （SP, n=19） groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software. Results Residues in Nef TA48/49 and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA48/49 was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef48/49 mutation site. Conclusion TA48/49, Kiss, and AA48/49 in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV- 1 infection.
Objectives: To describe the application of seven core principles to the design and evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing social marketing campaign as a case study example. Study design: The center...
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Objectives: To describe the application of seven core principles to the design and evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing social marketing campaign as a case study example. Study design: The centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) used a structured social marketing approach, informed by the Ecological Model, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model, to develop and evaluate a two-city campaign with print, radio and outdoor advertising;HIV telephone hotlines;an HIV website;community partnerships;and events to promote information seeking and HIV testing. Methods: The CDC applied seven core principles to design and evaluate the campaign, including formative research, the use of behavioural theories, audience segmentation, message design and pretesting, channel selection, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Results: Over 200 partners in both cities contributed significantly to campaign efforts. Key informant interviews indicated that, due to increased coordination, city infrastructures for HIV testing improved. More than 9600 individuals attended campaign events in both cities, with 1492 rapid HIV tests administered and 14 newly-identified HIV individuals. Overall, event attendees responded positively to campaign materials and events, and free HIV testing opportunities. The campaign significantly increased information-seeking behaviours in the form of hotline calls and web searches. Audience reaction and receptivity to the final campaign materials was very high. Exposure to campaign messages was associated with increases in key knowledge items, intentions to get tested, and peer-to-peer communication. Conclusions: The seven core principles, including formative research, behavioural theories and extensive partnerships, acted synergistically to help a campaign reach its target audience with compelling, relevant messages and motivate them to seek information and get an HIV test. Rapid testing removes many barriers by pr
Background Men who have sex with men （MSM） have become one of the most risky populations for HIV infection in China. Though several cross-sectional sero-prevalence studies have been conducted, the annual HIV inciden...
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Background Men who have sex with men （MSM） have become one of the most risky populations for HIV infection in China. Though several cross-sectional sero-prevalence studies have been conducted, the annual HIV incidence remains unknown in this population.
Methods We applied IgG-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay （BED-CEIA） to define the recent HIV-1 infections among MSM in Beijing in the years 2005 and 2006 and the annual HIV incidence was estimated.
Results Overall, 1067 MSM samples were collected, including 526 samples in the year 2005 and 541 in 2006. In 2005, of 17 HIV seropositive samples, 7 were identified as recent HIV-1 infections and the estimated HIV infection incidence was 2.9% per year （95% CI, 0.8%-5.0%）. In 2006, of 26 HIV seropositive samples, 9 were identified as recent HIV-1 infections and the estimated annual incidence was 3.6% （95% CI, 1.3%-5.9%）, which was 0.7% higher than that in 2005. Individuals engaging in male group sexual intercourse （5.17% vs 0.87%, P=0.019） and having receptive anal sexual intercourse more than five times （2.79% vs 0.33%, P=0.047） in the past 6 months significantly increase the risk of being infected by HIV-1.
Conclusions A high level of annual HIV-1 infection incidence was observed among MSM in Beijing for the consecutive years 2005 and 2006 with a continuous increasing trend. The rising incidence and related high risk behavior among MSM alarmed the health authorities and calls for more effective intervention strategies among this population.
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