China’s Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of aids patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/aids ...
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China’s Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of aids patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/aids treatment and care and resource limitations, China’s efforts to provide widespread access to free antiretroviral therapy has been a process fraught with difficulty. However, the Free ART Program is progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. The development of national guidelines, training programs, a laboratory sup- port network, a national patient database, programs for special populations such as children and patients living with co- infections, and operational research has improved the scope and quality of the free treatment program. As of June 30, 2005, a total of 19,456 patients in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities had received free ART. Challenges stemming from the nature of China’s health system and patient population persist, but with strong govern- ment support and a diverse set of resources, China has the capacity to overcome these challenges and to provide nationwide access to high quality treatment and care.
China's Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of aids patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/AI...
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China's Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of aids patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/aids treatment and care and resource limitations, China's efforts to provide widespread access to free antiretroviral therapy has been a process fraught with difficulty. However, the Free ART Program is progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. The development of national guidelines, training programs, a laboratory support network, a national patient database, programs for special populations such as children and patients living with coinfections, and operational research has improved the scope and quality of the free treatment program. As of June 30,2005, a total of 19,456 patients in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities had received free *** stemming from the nature of China's health system and patient population persist, but with strong government support and a diverse set of resources, China has the capacity to overcome these challenges and to provide nationwide access to high quality treatment and care.
To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for aids patients. 45 drug naive aids patients, 118 aids patients who rec...
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To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for aids patients. 45 drug naive aids patients, 118 aids patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 aids patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, *** number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT+DDI+NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretrovi
Both HIV and EIAV belong to the retroviridae family and lentivirus genus. They share considerable simi- larity at gene structural and component level. Hotzel pro- posed that two variable regions and surrounding amino ...
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Both HIV and EIAV belong to the retroviridae family and lentivirus genus. They share considerable simi- larity at gene structural and component level. Hotzel pro- posed that two variable regions and surrounding amino acids of EIAV gp90 might adopt the same topology as V1, V2 and bridging sheet of HIV gp120. These regions map to V3, V4 and surrounding amino acids of EIAV gp90. Based on this proposal, we further analyzed the distribution profile of N-glycosylation site and linear epitope for EIAV gp90 and HIV gp120 at these regions. Our results demonstrated that EIAV gp90 and HIV gp120 are highly similar at these two aspects. Most likely, V3, V4 and surrounding amino acids of EIAV gp90 adopt the same topology structure as V1, V2 and bridging sheet of HIV gp120.
Context: Timely testing of women in labor with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral ***: To determine the feasibility and acceptance of rapid HIV te...
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Context: Timely testing of women in labor with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral ***: To determine the feasibility and acceptance of rapid HIV testing among women in labor and to assess rapid HIV assay performance. Design, Setting, and Patients: The Mother Infant Rapid Intervention At Delivery(MIRIAD) study implemented 24-hour counseling and voluntary rapid HIV testing for women in labor at 16 US hospitals from November 16, 2001, through November 15, 2003. A rapid HIV-1 antibody test for whole blood was used. Main Outcome Measures: Acceptance of HIV testing; sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the rapid test; time from blood collection to patient notification of results. Results: There were 91 707 visits to thelabor and delivery units in the study, 7381 of which were by eligible women without documentation of HIV *** these, 5744 (78%) women were approached for rapid HIV testing and 4849 (84%) consented. HIV-1 test results were positive for 34 women (prevalence=7/1000). Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 100%and 99.9%, respectively; positive predictive value was 90%compared with 76%for enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Factors independently associated with higher test acceptance included younger age, being black or Hispanic,gestational age less than 32 weeks, and having had no prenatal care. Lower acceptance was associated with being admitted between 4 PM and midnight, particularly on Friday nights, but this may be explained in part by fewer available personnel. Median time from blood collection to patient notification of result was 66 minutes(interquartile range, 45-120 minutes), compared with 28 hours for EIA (P < .001). Conclusions: Rapid HIV testingis feasible and delivers accurate and timely test results for women in labor. It provides HIV positive women prompt access to intrapartum and neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis,proven to reduce perin
The epidemiology of the HIV transmission in the United States has changed considerably since the epidemic began. Our increased understanding of the virus has fostered development of new treatments to prolong life, and...
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The HIV/std epidemics have broadened the need for better behavioral intervention programs and highlighted the importance of providing training in behavioral theory to frontline program practitioners. However, there is...
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