检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 3-4页

作者： Bulterys M. Jamieson D.J. O’Sullivan M.J 石磊 Div. HIV/AIDS Prev. Survlnc./E. Natl.Center for HIV STD/TB Prev. Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta GA 30333United States Dr

Context: Timely testing of women in labor with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral ***: To determine the feasibility and acceptance of rapid HIV testing among women in labor and to assess rapid HIV assay performance. Design, Setting, and Patients: The Mother Infant Rapid Intervention At Delivery(MIRIAD) study implemented 24-hour counseling and voluntary rapid HIV testing for women in labor at 16 US hospitals from November 16, 2001, through November 15, 2003. A rapid HIV-1 antibody test for whole blood was used. Main Outcome Measures: Acceptance of HIV testing; sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the rapid test; time from blood collection to patient notification of results. Results: There were 91 707 visits to thelabor and delivery units in the study, 7381 of which were by eligible women without documentation of HIV *** these, 5744 (78%) women were approached for rapid HIV testing and 4849 (84%) consented. HIV-1 test results were positive for 34 women (prevalence=7/1000). Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 100%and 99.9%, respectively; positive predictive value was 90%compared with 76%for enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Factors independently associated with higher test acceptance included younger age, being black or Hispanic,gestational age less than 32 weeks, and having had no prenatal care. Lower acceptance was associated with being admitted between 4 PM and midnight, particularly on Friday nights, but this may be explained in part by fewer available personnel. Median time from blood collection to patient notification of result was 66 minutes(interquartile range, 45-120 minutes), compared with 28 hours for EIA (P < .001). Conclusions: Rapid HIV testingis feasible and delivers accurate and timely test results for women in labor. It provides HIV positive women prompt access to intrapartum and neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis,proven to reduce perin

关键词：产时抗逆转录病毒围生期产前检查酶联免疫法快速检测法高危人群预测价值阳性预测值时母

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Changes in HIV and AID in the United States: Entering the third decade

引用

Current HIV/aids Reports 2004年第4期1卷 153-158页

作者： Kellerman, Scott Begley, Elin Boyett, Brian Clark, Hollie Schulden, Jeff Behavioral and Clinical Surveillance Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Epidemiology National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1600 Clifton Road Mail Stop E-46 Atlanta 30333 GA United States

The epidemiology of the HIV transmission in the United States has changed considerably since the epidemic began. Our increased understanding of the virus has fostered development of new treatments to prolong life, and vaccine research has increased hope for those at risk in both developed and less developed countries. In this review, we provide information about current trends in HIV and aids among those in the United States most affected by the epidemic. © 2004, Current Science Inc.

关键词： Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevention Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Theoretical Domains: A Heuristic for Teaching Behavioral Theory in HIV/std prevention Courses

引用

Health Promotion Practice 2004年第4期5卷 404-417页

作者： Dolcini, M. Margaret Canin, Lisa Gandelman, Alice Skolnik, Heidi Department of Medicine Center for AIDS Prevention Studies Center for Health and Community University of California San Francisco United States San Anselmo California United States California STD/HIV Prevention Training Center Community and Behavioral Intervention-Training Section with the California Department of Health Services STD Control Branch United States SRI International Menlo Park California United States

The HIV/std epidemics have broadened the need for better behavioral intervention programs and highlighted the importance of providing training in behavioral theory to frontline program practitioners. However, there is a lack of effective methods for teaching theoretical concepts to people who may not have a background in behavioral science. This article presents a solution to this challenge by introducing a new heuristic for teaching theory and for placing individual theories/models in a broader context. Using a broad framework, we identify five domains that influence behavior: risk appraisal, self-perceptions, emotions and arousal, relationships and social influence, and environmental and structural factors. Each domain is described, and a brief overview of supporting literature is provided. Following the presentation of domains, we discuss course structure and activities. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

关键词： behavioral theory health education HIV/std prevention

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cost-effectiveness of community-level approaches to HIV prevention: A review

引用

Journal of Primary prevention 2002年第2期23卷 175-198页

作者： Pinkerton, S.D. Kahn, J.G. Holtgrave, D.R. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Center for AIDS Intervention Research Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI United States AIDS Research Institute Center for AIDS Prevention Studies University of California San Francisco CA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Intervention Research and Support National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Effective community-level HIV prevention strategies have the potential to reach large numbers of at-risk individuals at relatively small per-capita costs, and therefore to be highly cost-effective. We review the published literature on the cost-effectiveness of community-level HIV prevention interventions, including five studies of sexual behavior change interventions and seven risk reduction programs for injection drug users. Overall, these studies indicate that community-level strategies can be very cost-effective, and in many cases, actually save society money by averting the need for costly HIV/aids medical care.

关键词： Cost analysis Cost-effectiveness HIV/aids Interventions prevention

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cost-effectiveness of the NIMH multisite HIV prevention intervention

引用

aids and Behavior 2002年第1期6卷 83-96页

作者： Pinkerton, Steven D. Holtgrave, David R. Johnson-Masotti, Ana P. Turk, Mary E. Hackl, Kristin L. DiFranceisco, Wayne Center for AIDS Intervention Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention: Intervention Research and Support National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a state-of-the-art sexual-risk reduction intervention for high-risk men and women. The main intervention consisted of seven small-group sessions based on well-established principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy. This intervention was compared with a single-session video-based risk reduction intervention. The main outcome measure was the incremental cost-utility ratio, which equals the additional cost per additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved by the cognitive-behavioral intervention, in comparison with the video intervention. A mathematical model of HIV transmission was used to translate reported sexual behavior changes into estimates of the number of HIV infections averted by the interventions, and associated savings in QALYs and averted HIV-related medical costs. For women, the incremental cost-utility ratio equaled $32,688 per QALY saved, which indicates that the cognitive-behavioral intervention was cost-effective compared to the video intervention. For men, the incremental cost-utility ratio was slightly negative, suggesting that the cognitive-behavioral intervention was highly cost-effective, or even cost-saving, compared to the video intervention. This analysis indicates that both brief and intensive sexual risk reduction interventions for high-risk populations can be cost-effective.

关键词： Cost-benefit Cost-effectiveness Economic analysis Human immunodeficiency virus Modeling prevention Risk reduction

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Risk Factors of Condom Use among Clients of Commercial Sex Workers in Saunas and Beauty Parlors in China

引用

中华性传播感染杂志（英文版） 2002年第2期2卷 1-6页

作者： ZHANG Yan(张岩) WU Zunyou(吴尊友) LIU Wei(刘伟) National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China Guangxi Center for Disease Control Nanning Guangxi China

Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage ***: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofstds, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical ***: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8 %. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did ***: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.

关键词： HIV Infections Sexually transmitted diseases Condoms Unprotected sex Extramarital relations

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A review of the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in the United States

引用

aids and Behavior 2002年第1期6卷 15-31页

作者： Pinkerton, Steven D. Johnson-Masotti, Ana P. Holtgrave, David R. Farnham, Paul G. Center for AIDS Intervention Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention: Intervention Research and Support National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of Economics Georgia State University Atlanta GA United States

Because resources to fund HIV prevention are limited, public health decision makers - such as health departments and HIV prevention community planning groups - need to know which prevention strategies are the most cost-effective. In the past several years, a number of studies have appeared in the literature that assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in the United States. Here, we comprehensively review 16 such studies and then outline an agenda for further research to advance the cost-effectiveness literature and to make the findings of these studies more useful for public health decision makers. The research summarized here provides compelling evidence that interventions to prevent sexual transmission of HIV can be highly cost-effective. Small-group, community-level, and outreach-based sexual risk reduction interventions, in particular, appear to be very efficient strategies for preventing the spread of HIV in moderate- to high-risk populations.

关键词： Cost-effectiveness Economic analysis Human immunodeficiency virus prevention

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Reply

引用

The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002年第5期186卷 728-729页

作者： Lennox, Jeffrey L. Villanueva, Julie M. Bush, Timothy J. Ellerbrock, Tedd V. Hart, Clyde E. Grady Infectious Disease Program Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Surveillance and Epidemiology Global AIDS Program National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention and AIDS STD and TB Research National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox

引用

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2002年第19期59卷 1904-1905页

作者： Weidle, Paul J. Epidemiology Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV STD & TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road MS E-45 Atlanta GA 30333

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cost-effectiveness of counseling and testing to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in the United States

引用

aids and Behavior 2002年第1期6卷 33-43页

作者： Farnham, Paul G. Pinkerton, Steven D. Holtgrave, David R. Johnson-Masotti, Ana P. Department of Economics Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University Atlanta GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention: Intervention Research and Support National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Center for AIDS Intervention Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI United States Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA United States

In this paper we review the cost-effectiveness of HIV counseling and testing in various settings and populations in preventing the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, and we discuss how multiple and changing goals have influenced economic evaluations of these programs. The literature indicates that these interventions are generally cost-effective if targeted to groups of infected or high-risk individuals, although there is continuing debate over the efficacy of HIV counseling and testing in changing sexual behavior. For these reasons, HIV counseling and testing programs should be part of an overall prevention strategy which also includes more intensive sexual risk-reduction interventions such as individual, small-group, and community-level approaches.

关键词： Cost-effectiveness Economic analysis Human immunodeficiency virus counseling/testing prevention

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：