Multiplex analysis of genetic mutations using fluorescence scanning methodology is an accurate, efficient, and cost-effective approach to genotypic characterization. Fluorescence labeling during the synthesis of polym...
详细信息
Multiplex analysis of genetic mutations using fluorescence scanning methodology is an accurate, efficient, and cost-effective approach to genotypic characterization. Fluorescence labeling during the synthesis of polymerase chain reaction primers allows the application of this technology to well-established protocols. We have simultaneously analyzed the four polymorphisms of factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin G20210A, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and cystathionine beta-synthase 844ins68. Three of these mutations have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Following polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence-labeled primers, the polymerase chain reaction products were digested with an appropriate restriction enzyme (if necessary for detection of the mutation), diluted into one tube per sample for co-loading (multiplex loading), and analyzed with GeneScan software for fragment analysis following capillary electrophoresis on an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Foster City, CA, USA). Multiplex loading increased throughput without compromising precision. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者：
Knapp, Joan S.Div. of AIDS
STD and TB Lab. Res. Nat. Center for Infectious Diseases Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 United States
This investigation assessed the frequency and predictors of condom use for HIV prevention among low-income women, and also explored the reasons for not always using condoms for HIV prevention and predictors of these r...
作者：
Carolyn M. BlackDivision of AIDS
STD and TB Laboratory Research National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA
All blood donations in the United States are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes aids;in spite of this, potentially infectious donations are still made by donors who are infectious b...
All blood donations in the United States are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes aids;in spite of this, potentially infectious donations are still made by donors who are infectious but have not yet developed detectable HIV antibodies. A steady-state model for blood donations is used to calculate the expected number of potentially infectious blood donations made by repeat blood donors in a specified time interval. The expected number of potentially infectious donations made by each infectious blood donor who subsequently becomes HIV positive is calculated, and estimators of this quantity are presented. The relative risks due to donations from repeat and first-time donors is discussed. Estimates of the proportion of all blood donations made at 19 American Red Cross regional blood centers that are potentially infectious are presented. Published 1997 by Elsevier Science, Inc.
作者：
C A CiesielskiR P MetlerSurveillance Branch
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology National Center for HIV STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia 30333 USA.
Through December 1994, 41 healthcare workers with a documented seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in temporal association to an occupational exposure were reported to the centers for Disease control ...
Through December 1994, 41 healthcare workers with a documented seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in temporal association to an occupational exposure were reported to the centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC). Each tested positive for HIV antibodies within 12 months of the occupational exposure. Two (5%) of the 41 tested negative for HIV antibodies >6 months following the occupational exposure but were seropositive within 12 months of the injury. Both denied any subsequent exposures to HIV after the initial exposure, and in one case genetic sequencing confirmed the source of the infection. Four of the healthcare workers took postexposure zidovudine prophylaxis; each reported an acute retroviral syndrome within 6 weeks of their exposure, and each of the four seroconverted to HIV within 6 months of the exposure. Our data suggest that zidovudine prophylaxis does not delay the development of HIV antibodies beyond 6 months. Because many of the healthcare workers had follow-up testing at irregular intervals, with long periods between tests, it was not possible to define precisely when seroconversion occurred. However, our findings are compatible with previously published estimates that 95% of infected persons will develop HIV antibodies within 6 months of infection.
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