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Exploring quantitative measures in metacognition of emotion

Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Lee, Hsing-Hao Liu, Gabrielle Kaili-May Chen, Yi-Chuan Yeh, Su-Ling Department of Psychology New York University New York NY United States Department of Psychology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan National Humanities Center Research Triangle Park NC United States

Metacognition of emotion (meta-emotion) refers to the ability to evaluate and identify one’s emotional feelings. No previous study has defined and measured this construct through objective and quantitative procedures. We established a reliable method to measure meta-emotion. With a two-interval forced-choice procedure, participants selected which of two pictures elicited stronger positive emotion;via the Law of Comparative Judgment, their responses were used to compute individual psychological distances for the emotional responses triggered by the pictures. Then, participants were asked to judge whether a pre-exposed picture induced a stronger positive emotion than the median of that elicited by the whole picture set, followed by a confidence rating. By utilizing each individual’s psychological distance, the correctness of a participant’s emotional experience was quantified by dʹ, and meta-emotion was quantified using meta-dʹ, M-ratio, and M-diff as indices of metacognitive sensitivity and efficiency based on Signal-Detection Theory. Test–retest reliabilities, validated by Spearman correlation, were observed in meta-dʹ, M-ratio, and marginally with M-diff, suggesting the stability of meta-emotion in the current design. This study unveils a validated procedure to quantify meta-emotion, extendable for assessing metacognition of other subjective feelings. Nevertheless, caution is warranted in interpretation, as the measured processes may be influenced by non-metacognitive factors. © 2024, The Author(s).

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The Main Progress of Perovskite Solar Cells in 2020-2021

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第10期13卷 113-130页

作者： Tianhao Wu Zhenzhen Qin Yanbo Wang Yongzhen Wu Wei Chen Shufang Zhang Molang Cai Songyuan Dai Jing Zhang Jian Liu Zhongmin Zhou Xiao Liu Hiroshi Segawa Hairen Tan Qunwei Tang Junfeng Fang Yaowen Li Liming Ding Zhijun Ning Yabing Qi Yiqiang Zhang Liyuan Han State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryJoint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyMeilong Road 130Shanghai 200237People’s Republic of China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyLuoyu Road 1037Wuhan 430074People’s Republic of China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094People’s Republic of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells and State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206People’s Republic of China Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering Ningbo UniversityZhejiang 315211People’s Republic of China College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042People’s Republic of China Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence(KOMEX)College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyo 153-8902Japan National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093People’s Republic of China College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632People’s Republic of China School of Physics and Electronic Science Engineering Research Center of Nan

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low manufacturing cost have attracted the attention from all over the *** the efficiency and stability of PSCs have increased steadily in recent years,and the research on reducing lead leakage and developing eco-friendly lead-free perovskites pushes forward the commercialization of PSCs step by *** review summarizes the main progress of PSCs in 2020 and 2021 from the aspects of efficiency,stability,perovskite-based tandem devices,and lead-free ***,a brief discussion on the development of PSC modules and its challenges toward practical application is provided.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Stability Solar module Perovskite-based tandem devices Lead-free perovskite

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Layer-dependent anisotropic structural evolution in 1T′−ReSe2: Pressure-induced phonon dynamics

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Physical Review B 2025年第19期111卷 195303-195303页

作者： Yuting Yan (严雨婷) Liyuan Chen (陈丽媛) Zian Hong (洪子安) Kai Dai (戴凯) Yafang Li (李亚芳) Kai Jiang (姜凯) Ziyou Zhang (张自由) Hongliang Dong (董洪亮) Liyan Shang (商丽燕) Zhigao Hu (胡志高) Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai) Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education) Department of Physics School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China School of Arts and Sciences Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai 201306 China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Shanghai 201203 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments (MFree) Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences (SHARPS) Shanghai 201203 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China

Rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) presents pronounced lattice anisotropy and relatively weak interlayer interactions, which can result in its superior compressibility under pressure, as compared to other two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Here, we employed diamond anvil cells (DAC) to apply stress fields up to 15.90 GPa, unveiling the intricate relationships among layer numbers, anisotropic properties, and specific structural variations in ReSe2. A rapid decrease in the anisotropic parameter σ from the Eg-like modes can be observed at 6–8 GPa. It was found that the layers (3, 10, and 17 L) could be correlated with the ratio of the ab-plane to c-axis components (Iab/Ic), ultimately identifying the anisotropic structural deformation as either hydrostatic strain or uniaxial strain. Moreover, the pressure-dependent band gap analysis elucidated the interlayer interactions along the c axis. The present findings deepen understanding of ReSe2's structural response to stress field and facilitating advancements in strain-based device applications.

关键词： Rotation

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Furocoumarin Analogs from Radix Angelica Dahurica Confer Inhibitory Efficacy Against New Delhi Metallo-Β-Lactamase-1

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Zhai, Le Wu, Yi-Qiang Wang, Yi-Xue Zhao, Yao Xie, Hua-Ping He, Yu Chi-Gan, Jia-Zhu Yang, Ke-Wu Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Baoji University of Arts and Sciences Baoji721013 China National Anti-drug Laboratory Shaanxi Regional Center Anti-Drug Technology Center of Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department Xi’an712046 China

Metallo-β-lactamases produced by antimicrobial resistant bacteria present a clear threat to human health. The resistance mediated by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is generally recognized as one of the most prominent problems. Therefore, inhibitors act on NDM-1 with effectiveness and low toxicity are urgently needed. In this work, three furocoumarin analogs (A1, A2 and A3) were isolated from Radix Angelica dahurica, a traditional Chinese herb used for thousands of years, identified by enzyme steady-state kinetic assays to be the natural inhibitors of NDM-1. All isolated natural products exhibited more than 40% inhibitory activity against NDM-1, with an IC50 value in the range of 11.59–29.62 μM. Analysis of structure-activity relationship indicated that the inhibitory activity of furocoumarin analogs on NDM-1 was dominated by the hydrocarbon tail rather than the furocoumarin core. The inhibition mechanism assays showed that the furocoumarins employed a noncompetitive inhibition mode on NDM-1, with a Ki value of 27.4, 28.9 and 12.5 μM, respectively. Microbiological evaluations declared A2 was able to restore the antimicrobial activity of cefazolin sodium against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to illustrate such effect, which was also verified through plate colony enumeration and checkerboard dilution experiments. The obtained fractional inhibitory concentration index (0.3125) indicating that A2 and cefazolin sodium exhibit synergistic inhibitory effects against MRSA. Cytotoxicity assays suggested that the furocoumarin analogs displayed low toxicity on the mouse fibroblast (L929) cells at 100 μM. Docking studies revealed that A1, A2, and A3 could tightly attach to the active site of NDM-1, which were consistent with their kinetic data. In a word, the present study provides a natural scaffold for the development of NDM-1 inhibitor and contributes a revisit point of view t

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus

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Field-induced electric polarization and elastic softening caused by parity-mixed d-p hybridized states with electric multipoles in Ba2CuGe2O7

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kurihara, R. Sato, Y. Miyake, A. Akaki, M. Mitsumoto, K. Hagiwara, M. Kuwahara, H. Tokunaga, M. Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda278-8510 Japan The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8581 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Miyagi Sendai980-8577 Japan Liberal Arts and Sciences Toyama Prefectural University Toyama Imizu939-0398 Japan Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University Osaka Toyonaka560-0043 Japan Department of Physics Sophia University Chiyoda Tokyo102-855 Japan

We performed high-magnetic-field magnetization, polarization, and ultrasonic measurements in Ba2CuGe2O7 to investigate field-induced multiferroic properties arising from a cross-correlation between electric dipoles and electric quadrupoles in addition to cross-correlation between magnetic dipoles and electric dipoles. Magnetization M shows saturation behavior above 20 T for several magnetic field directions, however, electric polarization Pc exhibits an increase, and elastic constants show a softening above 20 T. Based on quantum states with a crystalline electric field for the D2d point group and d-p hybridization between Cu-3d and O-2p electrons, we confirmed that the matrix of an electric dipole Pz was proportional to that of an electric quadrupole Oxy. Furthermore, considering the spin-orbit coupling of 3d electrons and the Zeeman effect, we showed that Pz and Oxy simultaneously exhibited field-induced responses. These findings indicate that the orbital degrees of freedom, in addition to the spin degrees of freedom, contribute to the high-field multiferroicity in Ba2CuGe2O7 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Germanium compounds

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In-orbit performance of the Xtend-XMA onboard XRISM

In-orbit performance of the Xtend-XMA onboard XRISM

引用

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

作者： Tamura, Keisuke Hayashi, Takayuki Boissay-Malaquin, Rozenn Okajima, Takashi Sato, Toshiki Eckart, Megan E. Leutenegger, Maurice A. Yaqoob, Tahir Mori, Koji Ishida, Manabu Maeda, Yoshitomo Tomida, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroshi Noda, Hirofumi Uchida, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hiromasa Kobayashi, Shogo B. Yoneyama, Tomokage Hagino, Kouichi Nobukawa, Kumiko K. Tanaka, Takaaki Murakami, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Hideki Nobukawa, Masayoshi Yoshida, Tessei Matsumoto, Hironori Tsuru, Takeshi Go Yamauchi, Makoto Hatsukade, Isamu Odaka, Hirokazu Kohmura, Takayoshi Yamaoka, Kazutaka Kanemaru, Yoshiaki Hiraga, Junko S. Dotani, Tadayasu Ozaki, Masanobu Tsunemi, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Keitaro Kusunoki, Kohei Otsuka, Yoshinori Yokosu, Haruhiko Yonematsu, Wakana Ichikawa, Kazuhiro Nakano, Hanako Takemoto, Reo Matsushima, Tsukasa Asahina, Yoh Fukuda, Masahiro Yoshimoto, Marina Shima, Kohei Aoyagi, Mio Aoki, Yuma Ito, Yamato Aoki, Daiki Fujisawa, Kaito Shimizu, Yasuyuki Higuchi, Mayu Simionescu, Aurora Miller, Eric Brenneman, Laura Hayashida, Kiyoshi BaltimoreMD United States GreenbeltMD United States GreenbeltMD United States Department of Physics School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kanagawa Japan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan Japan Arerospace Exploration Agency kanagawa Japan College of Science and Engineering Kanto Gakuin University Kanagawa Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University Miyagi Japan Department of Science Faculty of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Division Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Science Kindai University Osaka Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Physics Konan University Hyogo Japan Faculty of Liberal Arts Department of Information Science Tohoku Gakuin University Miyagi Japan Faculty of Education Shizuoka University Sizuoka Japan Faculty of Education Science Education Nara University of Education Nara Japan Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Aichi Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Osaka University Osaka Japan School of Science Department of Physics and Astronomy Kwansei Gakuin University Hyogo Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo Japan SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Utrecht Netherlands Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA02139 United States Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics MA02138 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510675094

XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) is an X-ray astronomy satellite developed in collaboration with JAXA, NASA and ESA. It successfully launched on Sept. 7, 2023. Two complementary X-ray telescopes, Resolve and Xtend are on-board XRISM. Resolve uses the pixelized X-ray micro calorimeter developed by NASA/GSFC and has very high energy resolution of 5 eV. On the other hand, Xtend uses an X-ray CCD camera as its focal plane detector which has high spatial resolution and a wide field of view. We evaluated the performance of the X-ray Mirror Assembly (XMA) for Xtend using data observed during the commissioning and PV phases of XRISM. To verify the imaging performance, the Point Spread Functions (PSF) generated from the observations of NGC 4151 and PDS 456 were compared with the ground-calibration results. The results show that the imaging performance of Xtend-XMA is not significantly different from that of the ground calibration, and that it meet the requirement. The effective area was verified by comparing the results of simultaneous observations of 3C 273 by XRISM and four X-ray astronomy satellites (Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Swift). The results of the fitting of the X-ray spectrum of Xtend show no significant difference from the results of other satellites, suggesting the effective area used for fitting is correct. The on-axis position on the detector was estimated from the intensity of the Abell 2029 observations at four off-axis angles. The on-axis is about 40 arcsec away from the aim point, and the decrease in effective area at the aim point is less than 1%. Stray light observations of the Crab Nebula at 60 arcmin off-axis were obtained at two different satellite roll angles. The stray light intensity obtained at each roll angle was significantly different, verifying the dependence of the stray light on the roll angle. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： NASA

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Paramagnetic magnetostriction in the chiral magnet CrNb3S6 at room temperature

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Physical Review B 2022年第10期105卷 104412-104412页

作者： Masaki Mito Takayuki Tajiri Yusuke Kousaka Yoshihiko Togawa Jun Akimitsu Jun-ichiro Kishine Katsuya Inoue Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu 804-8550 Japan Chirality Research Center Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima 739-8526 Japan Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai 599-8570 Japan Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Open University of Japan Chiba 261-8586 Japan Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima 739-8526 Japan Institute for Advanced Materials Research Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima 739-8526 Japan

We report that the magnetostriction (MS) effects occur in a paramagnetic state of a chiral magnet CrNb3S6. Through a series of experimental tests at room temperature, structural changes were observed at the level of a unit cell. The structural parameters are dependent of the strength and direction of magnetic field (H) even at temperature excessively higher than the magnetic ordering temperature Tc of 127 K. The present paramagnetic MS prominently appeared under H∥ the ab plane (easy plane) as opposed to under H∥ the c axis. Features observed in the paramagnetic MS effect significantly differ from those of the spontaneous MS in the vicinity of Tc [Phys. Rev. B 102, 014446 (2020)]. In this material, the orbital angular momentum L of Cr originates from the hybridization between Cr and Nb, and L is strongly coupled with the crystal structure [Phys. Rev. B 99, 174439 (2019)]. The present study clarified that the symmetry of the CrS6 octahedron is sensitive to H even at room temperature. The paramagnetic spin-orbit coupling should induce the distortion of CrS6 octahedron, resulting in the changes in Cr-Nb(4f) distance via the change in the hybridization between Cr-a1g and Nb-4dz2 orbitals.

关键词： Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction Magnetostriction Spin-orbit coupling Chiral magnets X-ray diffraction

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Quantization of Yang-Mills Theory in de Sitter Spacetime

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shaikh, Aasiya Faizal, Mir Shah, Naveed Ahmad Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology Madhya Pradesh Indore452013 India Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University of British Columbia - Okanagan KelownaBCV1V 1V7 Canada Canadian Quantum Research Center 204-3002 32 Ave VernonBCV1T 2L7 Canada Department of Physics Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi110025 India

In this paper, we analyze the quantization of Yang-Mills theory in the de Sitter spacetime. It is observed that the Faddeev–Popov ghost propagator is divergent in this spacetime. However, this divergence is removed by using an effective propagator, which is suitable for perturbation theory. To show that the quantization of Yang–Mills theory in the de Sitter is consistent, we quantize it using first-class constraints in the temporal gauge. We also demonstrate that this is equivalent to quantizing the theory in the Lorentz gauge. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gages

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Revitalising global social medicine

引用

The Lancet 2021年第10300期398卷 573-574页

作者： Pentecost, Michelle Adams, Vincanne Baru, Rama Caduff, Carlo Greene, Jeremy A Hansen, Helena Jones, David S Kitanaka, Junko Ortega, Francisco Department of Global Health and Social Medicine King's College London London UK United Kingdom Department of Anthropology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Center for Medical Humanities and Social Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore 21210 MD United States Center for Social Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School and Department of the History of Science Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Department of Human Sciences Faculty of Letters Keio University Tokyo Japan Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Barcelona Spain Medical Anthropology Research Center Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain

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Origin of magnetovolume effect in a cobaltite

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Physical Review B 2021年第9期103卷 094302-094302页

作者： Ping Miao Zhijian Tan Sanghyun Lee Yoshihisa Ishikawa Shuki Torii Masao Yonemura Akihiro Koda Kazuki Komatsu Shinichi Machida Asami Sano-Furukawa Takanori Hattori Xiaohuan Lin Kuo Li Takashi Mochiku Ryosuke Kikuchi Chizuru Kawashima Hiroki Takahashi Qingzhen Huang Shinichi Itoh Ryosuke Kadono Yingxia Wang Feng Pan Kunihiko Yamauchi Takashi Kamiyama Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tokai 319-1106 Japan Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Tokai 319-1106 Japan Geochemical Research Center Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Neutron Science and Technology Center CROSS Tokai Ibaraki 319-1106 Japan J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan Department of Physics College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University Tokyo 156-8550 Japan NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China ISIR-SANKEN Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan

The layered perovskite PrBaCo2O5.5+x demonstrates a strong negative thermal expansion (NTE) which holds potential for being fabricated into composites with zero thermal expansion. The NTE was found to be intimately associated with the spontaneous magnetic ordering, known as magnetovolume effect (MVE). Here we report with compelling evidence that the continuouslike MVE in PrBaCo2O5.5+x is intrinsically of discontinuous character, originating from a magnetoelectric transition from an antiferromagnetic insulating large-volume (AFILV) phase to a ferromagnetic less-insulating small-volume (FLISV) phase. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) shows high sensitivity to multiple external stimuli such as temperature, carrier doping, hydrostatic pressure, magnetic field, etc. In contrast to the well-known ME such as colossal magnetoresistance and multiferroic effect which involve symmetry breaking of crystal structure, the ME in the cobaltite is purely isostructural. Our discovery provides a pathway to realizing the ME as well as the NTE, which may find applications in new techniques.

关键词： Magnetism Magnetoelastic effect Microphase separation Phase transitions

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