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BPS2025 - Structural basis of potassium selectivity in kalium channelrhodopsins

Biophysical Journal 2025年第3期124卷 64a-65a页

作者： Seiya Tajima Yoon Seok Kim YoungJu Jo Peter Y. Wang Joseph M. Paggi Charu Ramakrishnan Shunki Takaramoto Takashi Nagata Masae Konno Kota Katayama Hideki Kandori Ron O. Dror Keiichi Inoue Karl Deisseroth Hideaki Kato Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA Cracking the Neural Code Program Stanford University Stanford CA USA The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Japan Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan OptoBioTechnology Research Center Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University Stanford CA USA Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

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Preparation and application of Fe-modified banana peel in the adsorption of methylene blue: Process optimization using response surface methodology

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Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2021年 16卷

作者： Çatlıoğlu, Fatmanur Akay, Sema Turunç, Ersan Gözmen, Belgin Anastopoulos, Ioannis Kayan, Berkant Kalderis, Dimitrios Department of Property Protection and Safety Vocational School of Technical Sciences Ardahan University Ardahan 75000 Turkey Department of Chemistry Arts and Science Faculty Aksaray University Aksaray 68100 Turkey Advanced Technology of Education Research and Application Center Mersin University Mersin 33343 Turkey Department of Chemistry Arts and Science Faculty Mersin University Mersin 33342 Turkey Department of Electronics Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania 73100 Crete Greece

Banana peel was used as the feedstock for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. The Fe-modified banana peel was characterized by surface and spectrometric methods. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for determining the conditions of each experimental run and optimization of adsorption was achieved through response surface methodology. The R², adjusted R², and predicted R² coefficients of the employed BBD model were determined as 0.9820, 0.9686, and 0.9182, respectively, indicating a high level of agreement between the experimental data and the proposed theoretical model. The optimum MB adsorption of 91.89% was achieved at an adsorption time of 50 min, temperature of 45 °C, adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g and MB concentration of 5 mg L⁻¹. Equilibrium was achieved in 48 min. The most influential process parameter was the adsorbent dosage, whereas the impact of time, MB concentration and temperature was considerably smaller. The Langmuir Q_max value of 28.1 mg g⁻¹ compared favorably to respective values from other published adsorbents. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Adsorption Banana peel Food waste Methylene blue Response surface methodology

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Fabrication of Photodiodes Based on Graphene Oxide (Go) Doped Lanthanum Hexaboride (Lab6) Nanocomposites

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yalcin, Mesut Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G. Erol, Ibrahim Aksu, Mecit Tillayev, Sanjar Dere, Aysegul Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A. Yakuphanoğlu, Fahrettin Department of Science Education Kilis 7 Aralik University Kilis79000 Turkey Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Research Center for Advanced Materials Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Unit of Science and Technology Faculty of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Chemistry Afyonkarahisar03200 Turkey Samarkand State University Faculty of Chemistry Department of Polymer Chemistry and Chemical Technology University bvld-15 Samarkand Uzbekistan Düzce University Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Chemistry Düzce81620 Turkey Department of Electric and Energy Vocational School of Technical Science Firat University Elazig Turkey Department of Physics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of Science Firat University Elazig Turkey

GO-doped LaB6 nanocomposite-based Al/p-Si/GO:LaB6/Al photodiodes were fabricated for the study. The electrical properties of the fabricated photodiodes were subjected to current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The ideality factors, barrier heights and series resistance values of photodiodes were calculated and compared using the Cheung-Cheung and Norde methods approaches. The lowest ideality factor values were calculated to be as 4.75, 4.00 and 9.21 in the samples doped with GO at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively, and the highest barrier height values were calculated from the Norde function to be 0.75, 0.64 and 0.75 eV, respectively. It can be concluded that the diodes produced in this study have potential for use in optoelectronic applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photodiodes

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Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

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Journal of Attention Disorders 2024年第4期28卷 512-530页

作者： Lewczuk, Karol Marcowski, Przemysław Wizła, Magdalena Gola, Mateusz Nagy, Léna Koós, Mónika Kraus, Shane W. Demetrovics, Zsolt Potenza, Marc N. Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Batthyány, Dominik Bergeron, Sophie Billieux, Joël Briken, Peer Burkauskas, Julius Cárdenas-López, Georgina Carvalho, Joana Castro-Calvo, Jesús Chen, Lijun Ciocca, Giacomo Corazza, Ornella Csako, Rita I. Fernandez, David P. Fujiwara, Hironobu Fernandez, Elaine F. Fuss, Johannes Gabrhelík, Roman Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret Gjoneska, Biljana Grubbs, Joshua B. Hashim, Hashim T. Islam, Md. Saiful Ismail, Mustafa Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C. Jurin, Tanja Kalina, Ondrej Klein, Verena Költő, András Lee, Sang-Kyu Lin, Chung-Ying Lin, Yi-Ching Lochner, Christine López-Alvarado, Silvia Lukavská, Kateřina Mayta-Tristán, Percy Miller, Dan J. Orosová, Oľga Orosz, Gábor Ponce, Fernando P. Quintana, Gonzalo R. Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C. Ramos-Diaz, Jano Rigaud, Kévin Rousseau, Ann Tubino Scanavino, Marco De Schulmeyer, Marion K. Sharan, Pratap Shibata, Mami Shoib, Sheikh Sigre-Leirós, Vera Sniewski, Luke Spasovski, Ognen Steibliene, Vesta Stein, Dan J. Ünsal, Berk C. Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier Claire Van Hout, Marie Bőthe, Beáta Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University Warsaw Poland University of California San Diego United States Institute of Psychology Polish Academy of Sciences Poland ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary University of Nevada Las Vegas United States University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield CT United States Connecticut Mental Health Center New Haven CT United States University Jaume I of Castellón Spain Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria Université de Montréal Canada Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Problèmes Conjugaux et les Agressions Sexuelles (CRIPCAS) Canada University of Lausanne Switzerland Lausanne University Hospitals Switzerland University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany Neuroscience Institute Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Lithuania National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico Universidade de Aveiro Portugal University of Valencia Spain Fuzhou University China Sapienza University of Rome Italy University of Hertfordshire United Kingdom University of Trento Italy Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Nottingham Trent University United Kingdom Kyoto University Kyoto Japan RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo Japan The General Research Division Osaka University Research Center on Ethical Legal and Social Issues Osaka Japan HELP University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia University of Duisburg Essen Germany Charles University Prague Czech Republic General University Hospital in Prague Czech Republic University of Haifa Israel Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts North Macedonia University of New Mexico Albuquerque United States University of Baghdad Iraq Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Savar Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health Savar Dhaka Bangladesh Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Colombia Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y de Patol

Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84;SDage=12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： ADHD adult ADHD assessment attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder cross-cultural

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Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2025年第5期25卷 519-536页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe Vongpradith, Avina Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Ma, Jianing Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Khalil, Ibrahim A. Troeger, Christopher E. Doxey, Matthew C. Ledesma, Jorge R. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Bender, Rose Grace Swetschinski, Lucien R. Cunningham, Matthew Spearman, Sandra Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdoun, Meriem Abera, Bayeh Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abtew, Yonas Derso Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Aburuz, Salahdein Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adhikary, Ripon Kumar Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adra, Saryia Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agide, Feleke Doyore Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Saeed Akinosoglou, Karolina Akter, Ema Al Awaidy, Salah Alajlani, Muaaz M. Alam, Khurshid Albakri, Almaza Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Syed Shujait Ali Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almustanyir, Sami Alqahatni, Saleh A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Altaf, Awais Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amugsi, Dickson A. Andrei, Catalina Liliana Antoni, Sebastien Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anwari, Saleha Anwar Palwasha Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Arndt, Michael Benjamin Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Ayele, Firayad Azadi, Davood Azhar, Gulrez Shah Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Balakrishna Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle 98195 WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Urban Indian Health Institute Seattle Indian Health Board Seattle WA United States School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia College of Pharmacy Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Medicine University of Sétif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Department of Medical Microbiology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Biomedical Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Clinical Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center-Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar College of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Therapeutics United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates School of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Syd

Background Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse vital registration data, verbal autopsy data, mortality surveillance data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data. We used DisMod-MR (version 2.1), a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews, population-based surveys, and claims and inpatient data. We calculated diarrhoeal disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for each location, year, and age-sex group. For aetiology estimation, we used a counterfactual approach to quantify population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Additionally, we estimated the diarrhoeal disease burden attributable to the independent effects of risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework. Findings In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1.17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0.793-1.62) deaths globally, representing a 60.3% (50.6-69.0) decrease since 1990 (2.93 million [2.31-3.73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79.2% (72.4-84.6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Global YLLs also decreased substantially, from 186 million (147-221) in 1990 to 51.4 million (39.9-65.9) in 2021. In 2021, an esti

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Observing Supernova Neutrino Light Curves with Super-Kamiokande. V. Distance Estimation with Neutrinos

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Suwa, Yudai Harada, Akira Mori, Masamitsu Nakazato, Ken'ichiro Akaho, Ryuichiro Harada, Masayuki Koshio, Yusuke Nakanishi, Fumi Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke Wendell, Roger A. Department of Earth Science and Astronomy The University of Tokyo Tokyo153-8902 Japan Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan RIKEN Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan National Institute of Technology Ibaraki College Hitachinaka312-8508 Japan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Faculty of Arts and Science Kyushu University Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan Department of Physics Okayama University Okayama700-8530 Japan Kamioka Observatory Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Gifu506-1205 Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa277-8583 Japan National Institute of Technology Numazu College Numazu410-8501 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan

Neutrinos are pivotal signals in multi-messenger observations of supernovae (SNe). Recent advancements in the analysis method of supernova (SN) neutrinos, especially in quantitative analysis, have significantly broadened scientific possibilities. This study demonstrates the feasibility of estimating distances to SNe using neutrinos. This estimation utilizes the direct relationship between the radius of a neutron star (NS) and the distance to the SN, which is analogous to main-sequence fitting. The radius of an NS is determined with an approximate uncertainty of 10% through observations such as X-rays and gravitational waves. By integrating this information, the distance to the SN can be estimated with an uncertainty of within 15% at a 95% confidence level. It has been established that neutrinos can pinpoint the direction of SNe, and when combined with distance estimates, three-dimensional localization becomes achievable. This capability is vital for follow-up observations using multi-messenger approaches. Moreover, more precise distance determinations to SNe through follow-up observations, such as optical observations, allow for accurate measurements of NS radii. This data, via the NS mass-radius relationship, could provide various insights into nuclear physics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 517-517页

作者： Van Bavel, Jay J. Cichocka, Aleksandra Capraro, Valerio Sjastad, Hallgeir Nezlek, John B. Pavlovic, Tomislav Alfano, Mark Gelfand, Michele J. Azevedo, Flavio Birtel, Michele D. Cislak, Aleksandra Lockwood, Patricia L. Ross, Robert Malcolm Abts, Koen Agadullina, Elena Aruta, John Jamir Benzon Besharati, Sahba Nomvula Bor, Alexander Choma, Becky L. Crabtree, Charles David Cunningham, William A. De, Koustav Ejaz, Waqas Elbaek, Christian T. Findor, Andrej Flichtentrei, Daniel Franc, Renata Gjoneska, Biljana Gruber, June Gualda, Estrella Horiuchi, Yusaku Huynh, Toan Luu Duc Ibanez, Agustin Imran, Mostak Ahamed Israelashvili, Jacob Jasko, Katarzyna Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena Krouwel, Andre Laakasuo, Michael Lamm, Claus Leygue, Caroline Lin, Ming-Jen Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir Marie, Antoine Mayiwar, Lewend Mazepus, Honorata McHugh, Cillian Minda, John Paul Mitkidis, Panagiotis Olsson, Andreas Otterbring, Tobias Packer, Dominic J. Perry, Anat Petersen, Michael Bang Puthillam, Arathy Riano-Moreno, Julian C. Rothmund, Tobias Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando Schmid, Petra C. Stoyanov, Drozdstoy Tewari, Shruti Todosijevic, Bojan Tsakiris, Manos Tung, Hans H. Umbres, Radu G. Vanags, Edmunds Vlasceanu, Madalina Vonasch, Andrew Yucel, Meltem Zhang, Yucheng Abad, Mohcine Adler, Eli Akrawi, Narin Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui Amara, Hanane Amodio, David M. Antazo, Benedict G. Apps, Matthew Ay, F. Ceren Ba, Mouhamadou Hady Barbosa, Sergio Bastian, Brock Berg, Anton Bernal-Zarate, Maria P. Bernstein, Michael Bialek, Michal Bilancini, Ennio Bogatyreva, Natalia Boncinelli, Leonardo Booth, Jonathan E. Borau, Sylvie Buchel, Ondrej Cameron, C. Daryl Carvalho, Chrissie F. Celadin, Tatiana Cerami, Chiara Chalise, Hom Nath Cheng, Xiaojun Cian, Luca Cockcroft, Kate Conway, Jane Cordoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres Crespi, Chiara Crouzevialle, Marie Cutler, Jo Cypryanska, Marzena Dabrowska, Justyna Daniels, Michael A. Davis, Victoria H. Dayley, Pamala N. Delouvee, Sylvain Denkovski, Ognjan Dezecache, Guillaume Dhaliwal, Nathan A. Diato, Department of Psychology and Neural Science New York University New York NY USA School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury England Department of Economics Middlesex University London London England Department of Strategy and Management Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Poznań Poland Department of Psychological Sciences College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar Zagreb Croatia Department of Philosophy Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia Stanford Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford CA USA Institute of Communication Science Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Jena Germany School of Human Sciences Institute for Lifecourse Development University of Greenwich London England Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford England Center for Human Brain Health School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham England Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia KU Leuven Leuven Belgium National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) Moscow Russia De La Salle University Manila Philippines Department of Psychology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Political Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark X University Toronto Canada Department of Government Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Gatton College of Business and Economics University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA Department of Mass Communication National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Management Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia IntraMed Buenos Aires Argentina Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts North Macedonia Republic of North Macedonia University of Colorado Boulder Bould

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics. Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

关键词： Viral infection Human behaviour

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Experimentally shock-induced melt veins in basalt: Improving the shock classification of eucrites

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ono, Haruka Kurosawa, Kosuke Niihara, Takafumi Mikouchi, Takashi Tomioka, Naotaka Isa, Junko Kagi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Takuya Sakuma, Hiroshi Genda, Hidenori Sakaiya, Tatsuhiro Kondo, Tadashi Kayama, Masahiro Koike, Mizuho Sano, Yuji Murayama, Masafumi Satake, Wataru Matsui, Takafumi Planetary Exploration Research Center Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Narashino Chiba275-0016 Japan Department of Applied Science Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho Kita-ku Okayama-shi700-0005 Japan The University Museum The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan 200 Monobe Otsu Kochi Nankoku783-8502 Japan Geochemical Research Center Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Center for Advanced Marine Core Research Kochi University 200 Monobe Otsu Kochi Nankoku783-8502 Japan Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Earth–Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan Department of Earth and Space Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Osaka Toyonaka560-0043 Japan Department of General Systems Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Univ. of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8902 Japan Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi–Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Institute of Geo-Cosmology Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Chiba Narashino275-0016 Japan

Basaltic rocks occur widely on the terrestrial planets and differentiated asteroids, including the asteroid 4 Vesta. We conducted a shock recovery experiment with decaying compressive pulses on a terrestrial basalt at Chiba Institute of technology, Japan. The sample recorded a range of pressures, and shock physics modeling was conducted to add a pressure scale to the observed shock features. The shocked sample was examined by optical and electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We found that localized melting occurs at a lower pressure (~10 GPa) than previously thought (>20 GPa). The shocked basalt near the epicenter represents "shock degree C" of a recently proposed classification scheme for basaltic eucrites and, as such, our results provide a pressure scale for the classification scheme. Finally, we estimated the total fraction of the basaltic eucrites classified as shock degree C to be ~15% by assuming the impact velocity distribution onto Vesta. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Basalt

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Neutrino Constraints on Black Hole Formation in M31

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Suwa, Yudai Akaho, Ryuichiro Ashida, Yosuke Harada, Akira Harada, Masayuki Koshio, Yusuke Mori, Masamitsu Nakanishi, Fumi Nakazato, Ken'ichiro Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke Wendell, Roger A. Zaizen, Masamichi Department of Earth Science and Astronomy The University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8902 Japan Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan National Institute of Technology Ibaraki College Ibaraki Hitachinaka312-8508 Japan RIKEN Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Kamioka Observatory Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Gifu506-1205 Japan Department of Physics Okayama University Okayama700-8530 Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan National Institute of Technology Numazu College Shizuoka Numazu410-8501 Japan Faculty of Arts and Science Kyushu University Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan

We investigate neutrino signals associated with black hole formation resulting from the gravitational collapse of massive stars, motivated by the candidate failed supernova M31-2014-DS1 in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). By compiling numerical simulation results for stellar collapse, we predict the expected neutrino emission and compare these predictions with observational limits from Super-Kamiokande (SK). The simulations reveal a characteristic precursor signal consisting of a short, intense burst whose average neutrino energy rises rapidly and then ceases abruptly once the black hole forms. We examine several nuclear equations of state, specifically the Lattimer & Swesty, Shen, Togashi, and SFHo models, to evaluate how the emission depends on neutron-star properties and nuclear-physics uncertainties. Comparison of the predicted event counts with SK’s non-detection of neutrinos coincident with M31-2014-DS1 already rules out part of the model space and highlights the sensitivity of current neutrino detectors to both progenitor mass and the EOS. These findings demonstrate the capability of neutrino astronomy to probe core collapse and black hole formation in failed supernova scenarios. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Supernovae

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Author Correction: Dual nature of magnetism driven by momentum dependent f-d Kondo hybridization

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Communications Physics 2024年第1期7卷 1页

作者： Byungkyun Kang Yongbin Lee Liqin Ke Hyunsoo Kim Myoung-Hwan Kim Chul Hong Park College of Arts and Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA Department of Physics Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA Research Center of Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics Pusan National University Busan 46240 Republic of Korea

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