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Assessment of groundwater quality in Piryaloi, Pakistan: integrating GPI, SPI, and GIS for comprehensive analysis

Water Supply 2025年第3期25卷 545-558页

作者： Mahar, Abdul Shakoor Solangi, Ghulam Shabir Noonari, Altaf Alam Khatri, Kanya Lal Pahnwar, Sallahuddin Keerio, Hareef Ahmed Gul, Naila Soomro, Rabia Khaskheli, Jahanzeb Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus Khairpur Mir's Pakistan Aror University of Art Architecture Design & Heritage Sukkur Pakistan Gazi University Ankara Turkey Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang China U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro Pakistan Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan

At present, the groundwater quality in various parts of the world is under serious threat. As a result, human health is highly affected. Thus, the present study analyzed and mapped the groundwater quality of Piryaloi, Pakistan using two widely applied indices, i.e., groundwater pollution index (GPI), synthetic pollution index (SPI), and GIS. Water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total hardness (TH), carbonates (CO32−), bicarbonates (HCO31−), fluoride (F), and heavy metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), and chromium (Cr). According to the GPI, 46.67, 40 and 13.33% of samples were excellent, good, and poor, respectively. Whereas, according to the SPI, 33.3, 40, 20, and 6.7% of samples were suitable, slightly polluted, moderately polluted, and highly polluted respectively. Despite the different inputs to the indices, the proportionate ranking showed a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.62) between the results of both indices. Interpolated maps also depicted that in some areas, groundwater is contaminated, and thus it should be treated well before drinking. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Groundwater pollution

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Direct Wafer Bonding of Silicon Carbide and Copper

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第19期17卷 28799-28807页

作者： Huang, Szuyu Liu, Fachen Mao, Ruilin Guo, Qi Li, Sheng Sun, Fangyuan Wang, Zhenzhong Gao, Peng International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Electron Microscopy Laboratory School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Jiangsu215100 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials Peking University Beijing100871 China

Silicon carbide (SiC), known for its wide bandgap and exceptional resistance to high temperatures and pressures, is widely used in high-power devices that operate efficiently at temperatures exceeding 400 °C. Especially when combined with Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) substrates, these devices exhibit excellent heat dissipation capabilities. However, during packaging, conventional soldering materials start to degrade around 200 °C due to oxidation or aging, leading to diminished reliability and shorter device lifespans. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of high-quality SiC/Cu systems using the wafer bonding approach, achieving an interface bonding strength of ∼57 MPa. Atomically resolved electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the bonding is robust across all Cu crystal orientations and free of oxide layers. Furthermore, owing to the excellent interface quality, the interfacial thermal conductance, as measured by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements, reaches an impressively high value of ∼0.128 GW/m2K, which is further corroborated by thermal simulation calculations. Subsequent nanoscale phonon measurements and analyses disclose that interface phonons play a crucial role in endowing the SiC/Cu bonding system with excellent thermal performance. This study demonstrates that the direct wafer bonding strategy is an effective approach for fabricating high-quality SiC/Cu heterostructures with robust mechanical and thermal properties. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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A Study on the Use of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures for Optimizing the Design of Femoral Prosthesis 1st

A Study on the Use of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures...

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1st International Conference on Additive Manufacturing, ICAM 2024

作者： Manoharan, Madhanagopal Kaliaraj, Gobi Saravanan Sudalai, Perumal Preethi, S. Varghese, Sony Makerspace Center for Advanced Studies Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Chengalpet603308 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819760152

Femoral prostheses are pivotal in improving the quality of life for individuals suffering from hip joint-related issues, such as osteoarthritis and hip fractures. The design of these prostheses is critical to ensure long-term stability, functionality, and patient comfort. This study investigates the innovative application of functionally graded lattice structures to enhance the performance of femoral prostheses. Functionally graded lattice structures are characterized by varying material properties within the lattice, allowing for tailored mechanical properties to meet the specific demands of different regions within the prosthesis. This research aims to optimize the design of femoral prostheses by incorporating functionally graded lattice structures such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). The current research encompasses a comprehensive review of existing femoral prosthesis designs and materials, biomechanical analysis, and computational modeling. Finite element analysis (FEA) will be employed to simulate the behavior of the functionally graded lattice structures under various loading conditions, providing insights into their mechanical performance. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and osseointegration potential of functionally graded lattice structures, ensuring that the prostheses not only withstand mechanical stresses but also promote the natural healing and integration processes of the surrounding bone tissue. The outcomes of this research include the development of novel femoral prosthesis designs that offer improved mechanical stability with reduced stress shielding and enhanced compatible nature. These advancements have the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals requiring femoral prostheses while reducing the risk of complications associated with traditional designs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Hip prostheses

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Distortion Analysis of Dental Models Printed Using Material Jetting Technology 1st

Distortion Analysis of Dental Models Printed Using Material ...

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1st International Conference on Additive Manufacturing, ICAM 2024

作者： Manoharan, Madhanagopal Kaliaraj, Gobi Saravanan Ponnusamy, Palanikumar Veerasamy, Aruna Kathiravan, S. Makerspace Center for Advanced Studies Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Chengalpet603308 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819760152

Advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have revolutionized dentistry, enabling the fabrication of intricate dental prostheses and models with high precision. Material jetting technology, known for its ability to produce detailed and complex structures, has gained prominence in the dental industry. This study focuses on the distortion analysis of soft gingiva masks and dental implant models fabricated using material jetting technology, to assess the accuracy and quality of these critical components in prosthodontics and implantology. The research methodology involves the selection of a diverse set of dental implant models and soft gingiva masks, representing various clinical applications. These models are designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software and subsequently 3D printed by material jetting technology. The fabrication process parameters are meticulously controlled to ensure consistency and repeatability. Post-printing, the dimensional accuracy and distortion of the printed components are assessed through a combination of digital measurements, 3D scanning, and comparative analysis with the original CAD designs. Preliminary findings reveal that material jetting technology offers a high level of accuracy and detail reproduction in the fabricated models. The results of this study provide valuable insights for both dental practitioners and manufacturers to improve the accuracy and reliability of 3D-printed dental prostheses and models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Dental prostheses

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ACSim: A Novel Acoustic Camera Simulator With Recursive Ray Tracing, Artifact Modeling, and Ground Truthing

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IEEE Transactions on Robotics 2025年 41卷 2970-2989页

作者： Wang, Yusheng Ji, Yonghoon Tsuchiya, Hiroshi Ota, Jun Asama, Hajime Yamashita, Atsushi The University of Tokyo Research into Artifacts Center for Engineering Bunkyo113-8654 Japan Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology Ishikawa923-1211 Japan Wakachiku Construction Company Ltd. Research Institute Chiba299-0268 Japan The University of Tokyo Tokyo College Bunkyo 113-8654 Japan The University of Tokyo Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Sciences Bunkyo113-8654 Japan

We present a novel acoustic camera simulator that generates realistic sonar images by incorporating recursive ray tracing and sonar artifact modeling and provides various ground truth labels, enabling benchmarking and learning purposes. The 2-D forward-looking sonar, also known as the acoustic camera, produces high-quality 2-D images. Conducting real-world underwater experiments is challenging, making realistic sonar image simulation a necessary alternative. However, existing simulators often lack sufficient realism or are limited to specific scenes and phenomena. As a result, training on simulations and testing on real sonar images (i.e., sim-to-real) remain open problems for deep learning-based applications. Our work introduces a novel sonar simulator with a customized rendering engine. We use recursive ray tracing to model multipath reflections in arbitrary scenes and propose physics-based shading for intensity computation. We propose a resampling method for antialiasing and model significant artifacts, such as rolling shutter distortions and crosstalk noise. The simulator provides various ground truths for benchmarking and deep learning applications. We tested several tasks by training on synthetic images and demonstrated that the models also work on real images. We developed a Blender add-on for an enhanced user interface and will make the simulator open-source to advance future research. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Crosstalk

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Deriving propagators with stochastic quantum evolution

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Physical Review A 2025年第3期111卷 032219-032219页

作者： Yun-An Yan Jiushu Shao School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Ludong University Shandong 264025 China College of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Quantum evolution was recently shown to be equivalent to the mathematical expectation of the stochastic motion described by the Schrödinger equation with momentum-coupled white noise [J. Shao, J. Chem. Phys. 159, 024128 (2023)]. The stochastic formulation provides a convenient means of evaluating quantum propagators because the involved kinetic and potential contributions are disentangled. With the help of the auxiliary functional averaging technique, we apply this scheme to the derivation of the quantum propagators for systems of exponential, linear, harmonic, and δ-function potentials. Notably, our work presents a truly workable expression of the quantum propagator for the exponential potential problem. To demonstrate the features and advantages of this propagator, we use it to calculate the wave-packet dynamics and compare it to the split-operator method.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Transient chemical-mediated epigenetic modulation confers unrestricted lineage potential on human primed pluripotent stem cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 1084-1101页

作者： Shi Chen Yuanyuan He Lejun Lv Bei Liu Cheng Li Hongkui Deng Jun Xu Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Stem Cell Research CenterPeking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191China Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing100871China BeiCell Therapeutics Beijing100094China School of Life Sciences Center for BioinformaticsCenter for Statistical SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China MOE Engineering Research Center of Regenerative Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationCollege of Life SciencesPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Human primed pluripotent stem cells are capable of generating all the embryonic ***,their extraembryonic trophectoderm potentials are *** remains unclear how to expand their developmental potential to trophectoderm *** we show that transient treatment with a cocktail of small molecule epigenetic modulators imparts trophectoderm lineage potentials to human primed pluripotent stem cells while preserving their embryonic *** chemically treated cells can generate trophectoderm-like cells and downstream trophoblast stem cells,diverging into syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast *** and CUT&Tag analyses reveal that these induced cells share transcriptional profiles with in vivo trophectoderm and cytotrophoblast,and exhibit reduced H3K27me3 modification at gene loci specific to trophoblast lineages compared with primed pluripotent *** exploration highlighted the critical roles of epigenetic modulators HDAC2,EZH1/2,and KDM5s in the activation of trophoblast lineage *** findings demonstrate that transient epigenetic resetting activates unrestricted lineage potential in human primed pluripotent stem cells,and offer new mechanistic insights into human trophoblast lineage specification and in vitro models for studying placental development and related disorders.

关键词： trophectoderm lineages human primed pluripotent stem cells epigenetic regulation small molecules

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Generation,interrogation,and future applications of microglia-containing brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3448-3460页

作者： Julia Di Stefano Federica Di Marco Ilaria Cicalini Una FitzGerald Damiana Pieragostino Marleen Verhoye Peter Ponsaerts Elise Van Breedam Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute(Vaxinfectio)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Bio-Imaging Lab University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Center for Advanced Studies and Technology(CAST) G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University“G.d’Annunzio”of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical EngineeringUniversity of GalwayIreland Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayIreland μNEURO Research Center of Excellence University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium

Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell–derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and ***,this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuroectoderm brain organoid development,emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal ***,despite their usefulness for developmental studies,a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal *** such,current research is highly investing towards the incorporation of a functional vasculature and the microglial immune *** this review,we will specifically focus on the development of immune-competent brain *** summarizing the different approaches applied to incorporate microglia,it is highlighted that immune-competent brain organoids are not only important for studying neuronal network formation,but also offer a clear future as a new tool to study inflammatory responses in vitro in 3D in a brainlike ***,our main focus here is to provide a comprehensive overview of assays to measure microglial phenotype and function within brain organoids,with an outlook on how these findings could better understand neuronal network development or restoration,as well as the influence of physical stress on microglia-containing brain ***,we would like to stress that even though the development of immune-competent brain organoids has largely evolved over the past decade,their full potential as a pre-clinical tool to study novel therapeutic approaches to halt or reduce inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration still needs to be explored and validated.

关键词： 3D cell culture brain organoids immune response immunocompetent model in vitro model microglia neural organoids neuroimmunology neuroinflammation

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The therapeutic efficacy of different configuration nano-polydopamine drug carrier systems with photothermal synergy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2025年第1期4卷 94-112页

作者： Yuhao Guo Bo Li Huixu Xie Chenzhou Wu Guixue Wang Kexin Yao Longjiang Li State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Stomatology Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400037China Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Head and Neck Oncology West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Bioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Multi-Scale Porous Materials Center Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is the sixth most common malignant tumor *** its special anatomical site and the progressive resistance to chemotherapy drugs,the development of more effective,minimally invasive and precise treatment methods is urgently ***,given their special properties,can be used as drug carrier systems to improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse *** drug carrier systems with photothermal effect can promote the killing of cancer cells and help overcome drug resistance through heat *** selected dopamine,a simple raw material,and designed and synthesized three different configurations of nanopolydopamine(nPDA)nanomaterials,including nPDA balls,nPDA plates and porous nPDA *** addition to the self-polymerization and self-assembly,nPDA has high photothermal conversion efficiency and can be easily ***,we loaded cisplatin into three different configurations of nPDA,creating nPDA-cis(the nano-drug carrier system with cisplatin),and comparatively studied the properties and antitumor effects of all the nPDA and nPDA-cis materials in vitro and nPDA-cis in *** found that the photothermal effect of the nPDA-cis balls drug carrier system had synergistic effect with cisplatin,resulting in excellent antitumor effect and good clinical application *** comparison of the three different configurations of drug carrier systems suggested the importance of optimizing the spatial configuration design and examining the physical and chemical properties in the future development of nano-drug carrier *** this study,we also noted the duality and complexity of the influences of heat stress on tumors in vitro and in *** specific mechanisms and the synergy with chemotherapy and immunotherapy will be an important research direction in the future.

关键词： nano-polydopamine(nPDA) photothermal effect thermo-chemotherapy head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) drug carrier system

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A decentralized hybrid load-shedding scheme for the prevention of blackouts in power grids

A decentralized hybrid load-shedding scheme for the preventi...

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International Conference on Energy, Power, Environment, Control and Computing (ICEPECC 2025)

作者： Zakir Ullah Muhammad Iftikhar Khan Muhammad Aslam Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9781837243150

In normal conditions, the load and generation of a power system are kept in strict balance to have a constant system frequency. Any variation on the load side is compensated by automatic control loops on the generation side and load management by the System Operator (SO). However, in major system disturbances, the load-generation mismatch is much larger, and the control loops fall short of maintaining the required balance. During this time, if sufficient generation is not injected or the surplus load is not disconnected soon, system frequency drops below the permissible limits, and the whole system collapses resulting in a blackout. To maintain system balance and control system frequency during major disturbance events, the widely used technique to shed excessive load is Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS). The conventional Load Shedding (LS) techniques have several shortcomings i.e. slow operation under-shedding and over-shedding. This paper proposes a Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) driven, decentralized, faster, and reliable LS scheme to disconnect the surplus load of the network in successive stages during major system disturbance events to avoid system blackouts. The performance of the proposed LS scheme was tested on a hardware-based setup and implemented in the National Grid of Pakistan.

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