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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bom, C.R. Annis, J. Garcia, A. Palmese, A. Sherman, N. Soares-Santos, M. Santana-Silva, L. Morgan, R. Bechtol, K. Davis, T. Diehl, H.T. Allam, S.S. Bachmann, T.G. Fraga, B.M.O. García-Bellido, J. Gill, M.S.S. Herner, K. Kilpatrick, C.D. Makler, M. Olivares, F.E. Pereira, M.E.S. Pineda, J. Santos, A. Tucker, D.L. Wiesner, M.P. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Bacon, D. Bernardinelli, P.H. Bertin, E. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Kind, M. Carrasco Carretero, J. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. da Costa, L.N. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Doel, P. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Frieman, J. Gatti, M. Gerdes, D.W. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R.A. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. James, D.J. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Melchior, P. Mena-Fernández, J. Menanteau, F. Pieres, A. Malagón, A.A. Plazas Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Sanchez, E. Santiago, B. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M.E.C. Tarle, G. To, C. Weaverdyck, N. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 RJ Rio de JaneiroCEP 22290-180 Brazil Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodovia Mário Covas lote J2 quadra JItaguaí RJ CEP 23810-000 Brazil Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of California Berkeley 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300 BerkeleyCA94720 United States NAT-Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul Universidade Cidade de São Paulo Rua Galvão Bueno 868 SP São Paulo01506-000 Brazil Physics Department 2320 Chamberlin Hall University of Wisconsin-Madison 1150 University Avenue MadisonWI53706-1390 United States Legacy Survey of Space and Time Corporation Data Science Fellowship Program School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM CSIC Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Center for Advanced Studies Instituto de Ciencias Físicas ECyT-UNSAM & CONICET Buenos Aires1650 Argentina Instituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias Universidad de Atacama Av. Copayapu 485 Copiapó Chile Hamburger Sternwarte Universität Hamburg Gojenbergsweg 112 Hamburg21029 Germany Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Andres Bello Avda. Republica 252 Santiago Chile Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 Providencia Santiago Chile Benedictine University Department of Physics 5700 College Road LisleIL60532 United States Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation

We address the problem of optimally identifying all kilonovae detected via gravitational wave emission in the upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run, O4, which is expected to be sensitive to a factor of ∼ 7 more Binary Neutron Stars (BNS) alerts than previously. Electromagnetic follow-up of all but the brightest of these new events will require > 1 meter telescopes, for which limited time is available. We present an optimized observing strategy for the DECam during O4. We base our study on simulations of gravitational wave events expected for O4 and wide-prior kilonova simulations. We derive the detectabilities of events for realistic observing conditions. We optimize our strategy for confirming a kilonova while minimizing telescope time. For a wide range of kilonova parameters, corresponding to a fainter kilonova compared to GW170817/AT2017gfo we find that, with this optimal strategy, the discovery probability for electromagnetic counterparts with the DECam is ∼ 80% at the nominal BNS gravitational wave detection limit for O4 (190 Mpc), which corresponds to a ∼ 30% improvement compared to the strategy adopted during the previous observing run. For more distant events (∼ 330 Mpc), we reach a ∼ 60% probability of detection, a factor of ∼ 2 increase. For a brighter kilonova model dominated by the blue component that reproduces the observations of GW170817/AT2017gfo, we find that we can reach ∼ 90% probability of detection out to 330 Mpc, representing an increase of ∼ 20%, while also reducing the total telescope time required to follow-up events by ∼ 20%. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2021年第10278期397卷 996-1009页

作者： Haile, Lydia M. Kamenov, Kaloyan Briant, Paul Svitil Orji, Aislyn U. Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Abdoli, Amir Abdollahi, Mohammad Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Afshin, Ashkan Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Yonas Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Amu, Hubert Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arulappan, Judie Ashbaugh, Charlie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Banik, Palash Chandra Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bender, Rose G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Burkart, Katrin Cederroth, Christopher R. Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Desalew, Assefa Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Doyle, Kerrie E. Duncan, Bruce B. Ekholuenetale, Michael Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Franklin, Richard Charles Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Shilpa Gallus, Silvano Ghamari, Farhad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghozali, Ghozali Gilani, Syed Amir Glǎvan, Ionela-Roxana Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hamidi, Samer Hammond, Billy Randall Hay, Simon I. Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Hoffman, Howard J. Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Househ, Mowafa Hussain, Rabia Hwang, Bing-Fang Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Kalhor, Rohollah Al-Salihi, Nawzad Kameran Kandel, Himal Kasa, Ayele Semachew Kayode, Gbenga A. Khalilov, Rovshan Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Kosen, Soewarta Koyanagi, Ai Kumar, G. Anil Landires, Ivan Lasrado, Savita Lim, Stephen S. Liu, Xuefeng Lobo, Stany W. Lugo, Alessandra Makki, Alaa Mendoza, Walter Mersha, Amanual Getnet Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Noncommunicable Diseases World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva Switzerland Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Department of Medical Physiology University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia Health Information Management and Technology Department Dammam Saudi Arabia Geriatric and Long Term Care Department Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Rumailah Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan Health Management and Economics Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Community Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Social Determinants of Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran Department of Maternal and Child Health Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Health System and Health Economics Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Pharmacy University of Huddersfield Huddersfield United Kingdom Unit of Biochemistry Universiti

Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-ca

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Iran in transition (vol 393, pg 1984, 2019)

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LANCET 2019年第10186期393卷 2124-2124页

作者： Danaei, G. Farzadfar, F. Kelishadi, R. [a]Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA [b]Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA [c]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [d]Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [e]Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [f]Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [g]Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [h]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [i]School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [j]Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Te

Summary Being the second-largest country in the Middle East, Iran has a long history of civilisation during which several dynasties have been overthrown and established and health-related structures have been reorganised. Iran has had the replacement of traditional practices with modern medical treatments, emergence of multiple pioneer scientists and physicians with great contributions to the advancement of science, environmental and ecological changes in addition to large-scale natural disasters, epidemics of multiple communicable diseases, and the shift towards non-communicable diseases in recent decades. Given the lessons learnt from political instabilities in the past centuries and the approaches undertaken to overcome health challenges at the time, Iran has emerged as it is today. Iran is now a country with a population exceeding 80 million, mainly inhabiting urban regions, and has an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignancies, mental disorders, substance abuse, and road injuries.

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Coherently Enhanced Wireless Power Transfer

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Physical Review Letters 2018年第14期120卷 143901-143901页

作者： Alex Krasnok Denis G. Baranov Andrey Generalov Sergey Li Andrea Alù Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny 141700 Russia Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101 Russia Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York 10016 USA Department of Electrical Engineering City College of The City University of New York New York 10031 USA

Extraction of electromagnetic energy by an antenna from impinging external radiation is at the basis of wireless communications and wireless power transfer (WPT). The maximum of transferred energy is ensured when the antenna is conjugately matched, i.e., when it is resonant and it has an equal coupling with free space and its load. This condition, however, can be easily affected by changes in the environment, preventing optimal operation of a WPT system. Here, we introduce the concept of coherently enhanced WPT that allows us to bypass this difficulty and achieve dynamic control of power transfer. The approach relies on coherent excitation of the waveguide connected to the antenna load with a backward propagating signal of specific amplitude and phase. This signal creates a suitable interference pattern at the load resulting in a modification of the local wave impedance, which in turn enables conjugate matching and a largely increased amount of extracted energy. We develop a simple theoretical model describing this concept, demonstrate it with full-wave numerical simulations for the canonical example of a dipole antenna, and verify experimentally in both near-field and far-field regimes.

关键词： Electromagnetism Engineering Light propagation, transmission & absorption Photonics

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Power of pausing: Advancing understanding of thermalization in experimental quantum annealers

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Marshall, Jeffrey Venturelli, Davide Hen, Itay Rieffel, Eleanor G. USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Mountain ViewCA94035 United States USRA NAMS Quantum Academy R&D Student Program NASA Ames Research Center Mountain ViewCA94035 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States QuAIL NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California Marina del ReyCA90292 United States

We investigate alternative annealing schedules on the current generation of quantum annealing hardware (the D-Wave 2000Q), which includes the use of forward and reverse annealing with an intermediate pause. This work provides new insights into the inner workings of these devices (and quantum devices in general), particular into how thermal effects govern the system dynamics. We show that a pause mid-way through the anneal can cause a dramatic change in the output distribution, and we provide evidence suggesting thermalization is indeed occurring during such a pause. We demonstrate that upon pausing the system in a narrow region shortly after the minimum gap, the probability of successfully finding the ground state of the problem Hamiltonian can be increased over an order of magnitude. We relate this effect to relaxation (i.e. thermalization) after diabatic and thermal excitations that occur in the region near to the minimum gap. For a set of large-scale problems of up to 500 qubits, we demonstrate that the distribution returned from the annealer very closely matches a (classical) Boltzmann distribution of the problem Hamiltonian, albeit one with a temperature at least 1.5 times higher than the (effective) temperature of the annealer. Moreover, we show that larger problems are more likely to thermalize to a classical Boltzmann distribution. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Boltzmann equation

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Measurements of the Temperature and E-mode Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background from the Full 500-square-degree SPTpol Dataset

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Chou, T.-L. Ade, P.A.R. Anderson, A.J. Austermann, J.E. Balkenhol, L. Beall, J.A. Bender, A.N. Benson, B.A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L.E. Carlstrom, J.E. Chang, C.L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H.C. Citron, R. Moran, C. Corbett Crawford, T.M. Crites, A.T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M.A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E.M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N.W. Holder, G.P. Holzapfel, W.L. Hrubes, J.D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K.D. Knox, L. Lee, A.T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. McMahon, J.J. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J.P. Noble, G.I. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Quan, W. Reichardt, C.L. Ruhl, J.E. Saliwanchik, B.R. Schaffer, K.K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A.A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J.D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W.L.K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J.A. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Cardiff University CardiffCF10 3XQ United Kingdom Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Sorbonne Universit’e CNRS UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris 98 bis bd Arago Paris75014 France High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue ArgonneIL60439 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States School of Physics University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Department of Physics McGill University 3600 Rue University MontrealQCH3A 2T8 Canada School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA91109 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe TorontoONM5G 1Z8 Canada Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544

Using the full four-year SPTpol 500 deg2 dataset in both the 95 GHz and 150 GHz frequency bands, we present measurements of the temperature and E-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as the E-mode polarization auto-power spectrum (EE) and temperature-E-mode cross-power spectrum (TE) in the angular multipole range 50 0 = 70.48 ± 2.16 km s−1 Mpc−1 and Ωm = 0.271 ± 0.026, when using only the SPTpol data and a Planck-based prior on the optical depth to reionization. The ΛCDM parameter constraints are consistent across the 95 GHz-only, 150 GHz-only, TE-only, and EE-only data splits. Between the 1000 data splits, the ΛCDM parameter constraints are borderline consistent at the ∼ 2σ level. This consistency improves when including a parameter AL, the degree of lensing of the CMB inferred from the smearing of acoustic peaks. When marginalized over AL, the ΛCDM parameter constraints from SPTpol are consistent with those from Planck. The power spectra presented here are the most sensitive measurements of the lensed CMB damping tail to date for roughly > 1700 in TE and > 2000 in EE. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Simultaneous Millimeter-wave, Gamma-ray, and Optical Monitoring of the Blazar PKS 2326-502 During a Flaring State

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Hood, J.C. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, A. Ade, P.A.R. Ajello, M. Anderson, A.J. Austermann, J.E. Beall, J.A. Bender, A.N. Benson, B.A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L.E. Carlstrom, J.E. Chang, C.L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H.C. Chou, T.-L. Citron, R. Corbett Moran, C. Crawford, T.M. Crites, A.T. De Haan, T. Dobbs, M.A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E.M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N.W. Hilton, G.C. Holder, G.P. Holzapfel, W.L. Hrubes, J.D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K.D. Knox, L. Lee, A.T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. Madejski, G. Malkan, M. McMahon, J.J. Meyer, S.S. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J.P. Noble, G. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C.L. Ruhl, J.E. Saliwanchik, B.R. Schaffer, K.K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A.A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J.D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W.L.K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J.A. Zhang, L. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Physics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University ClemsonSC29631 United States Department of Physics Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States Cardiff University CardiffCF10 3XQ United Kingdom Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Nist Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue ArgonneIL60439 United States School of Physics University of Melbourne VIC Parkville3010 Australia Department of Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 Rue University QC MontrealH3A 2T8 Canada School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Tapir Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd PasadenaCA91125 United States Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George St ON TorontoM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George St ON TorontoM5S 3H4 Canada Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Canadian Institute f

Including millimeter-wave (mm-wave) data in multi-wavelength studies of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can provide insights into AGN physics that are not easily accessible at other wavelengths. We demonstrate in this work the potential of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes to provide long-term, high-cadence mm-wave AGN monitoring over large fractions of sky. We report on a pilot study using data from the SPTpol instrument on the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which was designed to observe the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales. Between 2013 and 2016, SPTpol was used primarily to observe a single 500 deg2field, covering the entire field several times per day with detectors sensitive to radiation in bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We use SPT 150 GHz observations to create AGN light curves, and we compare these mm-wave light curves to those at other wavelengths, in particular γ-ray and optical. In this Letter, we focus on a single source, PKS 2326-502, which has extensive, day-timescale monitoring data in gamma-ray, optical, and now mm-wave between 2013 and 2016. We find PKS 2326-502 to be in a flaring state in the first two years of this monitoring, and we present a search for evidence of correlated variability between mm-wave, optical R band, and γ-ray observations. This pilot study is paving the way for AGN monitoring with current and upcoming CMB experiments such as SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, including multi-wavelength studies with facilities such as VRO-LSST. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Kornoelje, K. Bleem, L.E. Rykoff, E.S. Abbott, T.M.C. Ade, P.A.R. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Anderson, A.J. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Ansarinejad, B. Archipley, M. Ashby, M.L.N. Austermann, J.E. Bacon, D. Balkenhol, L. Bayliss, Matthew B. Beall, J.A. Benabed, K. Bender, A.N. Benson, B.A. Bianchini, F. Bocquet, S. Bouchet, F.R. Brooks, D. Burke, D.L. Calzadilla, M. Campitiello, M.G. Camphuis, E. Carlstrom, J.E. Carnero Rosell, A. Carretero, J. Chang, C.L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H.C. Chichura, P.M. Chokshi, A. Chou, T.-L. Citron, R. Coerver, A. Corbett Moran, C. Costanzi, M. Crawford, T.M. Crites, A.T. da Costa, L.N. Daley, C. de Haan, T. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Dibert, K.R. Dobbs, M.A. Doel, P. Doohan, M. Doussot, A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Everett, S. Feng, C. Ferguson, K.R. Mena-Fern’andez, J. Ferrero, I. Fichman, K. Flaugher, B. Floyd, B. Foster, A. Friedel, D. Frieman, J. Galli, S. Gallicchio, J. Gambrel, A.E. Garc’ia-Bellido, J. Gardner, R.W. Gassis, R. Gatti, M. Ge, F. George, E.M. Giannini, G. Goeckner-Wald, N. Grandis, S. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R.A. Gualtieri, R. Guidi, F. Guns, S. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, G. Halverson, N.W. Hinton, S.R. Hivon, E. Holder, G.P. Hollowood, D.L. Holzapfel, W.L. Honscheid, K. Hood, J.C. Hrubes, J.D. Hryciuk, A. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K.D. James, D.J. Kéruzoré, F. Khalife, A.R. Klein, M. Knox, L. Korman, M. Kuehn, K. Kuo, C.-L. Lahav, O. Lee, A.T. Lee, S. Levy, K. Li, D. Lima, M. Lowitz, A.E. Lowitz, A. Lu, C. Mahler, Guillaume Maniyar, A. Marshal, J.L. Marshall, J.L. Martsen, E.S. McDonald, M. McMahon, J.J. Menanteau, F. Millea, M. Miquel, R. Mohr, J.J. Montgomery, J. Myles, J. Nakato, Y. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J.P. Noble, G.I. Novosad, V. Ogando, R.L.C. Omori, Y. Ouellette, A. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Patil, S. Pereira, M.E.S. Phadke, K.A. Pieres, A. Plazas Malag’on, A.A. Pollak, A.W. Prabhu, K. Pryke, C. Quan, W. Rahimi, M. Rahlin, A. Reichardt, C.L. Rodr’iguez-Monroy, M. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States High-Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue. LemontIL60439 United States Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall StanfordCA94305 United States Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Casilla 603 La Serena Chile School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University CardiffCF24 3YB United Kingdom Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Department of Physics University of Michigan 450 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States School of Physics University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division CambridgeMA01238 United States NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mail-code 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Sorbonne Université CNRS UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris 98 bis bd Arago Paris75014 France University Observatory Faculty of Physics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Scheinerstr. 1 Munich81679 Germany Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139

We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg2 field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 µK-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. This is comparable to noise levels expected for the wide field survey of CMB-S4, a next-generation CMB experiment. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of ξ = 4.0, resulting in a catalog of purity ∼ 89%. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span 0.12 14M☉/h70 500c 14M☉/h70. The sample’s median redshift is 0.74 and the median mass is 1.7 × 1014M☉/h70;these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift (z > 1), the tSZ signal is reduced by 17.4+3−2.19% (3.7+0−0.77%) at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, demonstrating dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function;we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Dark energy

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