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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Semantic referee: A neural-symbolic framework for enhancing geospatial semantic segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Alirezaie, Marjan Längkvist, Martin Sioutis, Michael Loutfi, Amy Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems Örebro University Örebro Sweden Department of Computer Science Aalto University Espoo Finland

Understanding why machine learning algorithms may fail is usually the task of the human expert that uses domain knowledge and contextual information to discover systematic shortcomings in either the data or the algorithm. In this paper, we propose a semantic referee, which is able to extract qualitative features of the errors emerging from deep machine learning frameworks and suggest corrections. The semantic referee relies on ontological reasoning about spatial knowledge in order to characterize errors in terms of their spatial relations with the environment. Using semantics, the reasoner interacts with the learning algorithm as a supervisor. In this paper, the proposed method of the interaction between a neural network classifier and a semantic referee shows how to improve the performance of semantic segmentation for satellite imagery data. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Vibration Control of Agricultural Manipulator

Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Vibration Control of Agricult...

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Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), International Congress on

作者： Satyam Paul Ajay Arunachalam Davood Khodadad Olena Rubanenko Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics University of the West of England Bristol United Kingdom Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS) Örebro University Örebro Sweden Department of Applied Physics and Electronics Umeå University Umeå Sweden Regional Innovational Center for Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9781728193526

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193533

Image-based phenotyping systems have evolved over the years, and become an integral part of crop and plant science research. Phenotyping systems provide great potential to deliver critical insights, than the conventional destructive field m ethods. S table i mage a cquisition a nd p rocessing i s very important to accurately determine the characteristics in general, which further becomes very challenging and non-trivial when mounted over an motor mechanised arm. To address the near associated problems, we investigate on the possibility of applying the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm to the present manual setup with an aim to reduce vibration. This study focused towards investigating the active control and stabilization of the external camera shake, that may be induced by the driving motor. Nonetheless, very few researchers have focused on application of control algorithms for agriculture related practices. We validate the active control, and justify the need for the ***-2 fuzzy logic is combined with the PID control for better effectiveness. The non-linearity associated with the system is compensated by the type-2 fuzzy logic. The results shows that the active control has been achieved, and the vibration is minimized.

关键词： Manipulators Fuzzy logic Vibrations Cameras Vibration control DC motors Force

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Characterizing plasmon-enhanced photoemitters for bright ultrafast electron beams 19

Characterizing plasmon-enhanced photoemitters for bright ult...

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Plasmonics: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications XIX 2021

作者： Durham, Daniel B. Pierce, Christopher M. Riminucci, Fabrizio Loria, Silvia Rotta Kanellopulos, Kostas Bazarov, Ivan Maxson, Jared Cabrini, Stefano Minor, Andrew M. Filippetto, Daniele Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Salento Campus Ecotekne Lecce73100 Italy Department of Physics Polytechnic University of Milan Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan20133 Italy Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems TU Wien Gusshausstrasse 27-29 Vienna1040 Austria

ISBN: (数字)9781510644335

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644328

Pulsed electron beam sources are increasingly in demand, especially as probes for ultrafast science and as patterning tools in lithography applications. Plasmonic nanostructures have been shown to enhance multiphoton photocurrent from metal cathodes by orders of magnitude, but for many applications it is also important to characterize the transverse electron beam properties. Here, we present preliminary work demonstrating a DC photogun setup for characterizing plasmonic photoemitters at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, including measurement of photocurrent and the asymmetric transverse phase space of photoemitted beams from plasmonic nanogroove resonator arrays. This lays the groundwork for future studies of emerging plasmon-enhanced photoemitter designs, such as plasmonic lens nanoemitters. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： Photoemission

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Magnetoconductance and photoresponse properties of disordered NbTiN films

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sidorova, M. Semenov, A.D. Hübers, H.-W. Gyger, S. Steinhauer, S. Zhang, X. Schilling, A. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Department of Physics Newtonstr. 15 Berlin12489 Germany Institute of Optical Sensor Systems Rutherfordstr. 2 Berlin12489 Germany Department of Applied Physics Kth Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Shanghai200050 China Cas Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai200050 China Physics Institute University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zürich8057 Switzerland

We report on the study of phonon properties and electron-phonon coupling in thin NbTiN films, which are intensively exploited in superconducting devices. Studied NbTiN films with thicknesses less than 10 nm are disordered with respect to electron transport, the Ioffe-Regel parameter of kFle= 2.5 - 3.0 (kFis the Fermi wave vector and leis the electron mean free path), and inelastic electron-phonon interaction, the product qT le 1 (qT is the wave vector of a thermal phonon). By means of magnetoconductance and photoresponse techniques, we derived the inelastic electronphonon scattering rate 1/τe-phand determined sound velocities and phonon heat capacities. In the temperature range from 12 to 20 K, the scattering rate varies with temperature as 1/τe-ph∝ T3.45±0.05;its value extrapolated to 10 K amounts to approximately 16 ps. Making a comparative analysis of our films and other films used in superconducting devices, such as polycrystalline granular NbN and amorphous WSi, we found a systematic reduction of the sound velocity in all these films by about 50% as compared to the corresponding bulk crystalline materials. A corresponding increase in the phonon heat capacities in all these films is, however, less than the Debye model predicts. We attribute these findings to reduced film dimensionality and film morphology. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electron-phonon interactions

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Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for the Contact-Rich Task of Food Cutting

Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for the Contact-Rich Ta...

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IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： Ioanna Mitsioni Yiannis Karayiannidis Johannes A. Stork Danica Kragic Division of Robotics Perception and Learning (RPL) CAS EECS KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Systems and Control Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS) Örebro University Örebro Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9781538676301

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676318

Modelling of contact-rich tasks is challenging and cannot be entirely solved using classical control approaches due to the difficulty of constructing an analytic description of the contact dynamics. Additionally, in a manipulation task like food-cutting, purely learning-based methods such as Reinforcement Learning, require either a vast amount of data that is expensive to collect on a real robot, or a highly realistic simulation environment, which is currently not available. This paper presents a data-driven control approach that employs a recurrent neural network to model the dynamics for a Model Predictive Controller. We build upon earlier work limited to torque-controlled robots and redefine it for velocity controlled ones. We incorporate force/torque sensor measurements, reformulate and further extend the control problem formulation. We evaluate the performance on objects used for training, as well as on unknown objects, by means of the cutting rates achieved and demonstrate that the method can efficiently treat different cases with only one dynamic model. Finally we investigate the behavior of the system during force-critical instances of cutting and illustrate its adaptive behavior in difficult cases.

关键词： Task analysis Dynamics Robot sensing systems Force Training Adaptation models

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Interactive user interface based on convolutional auto-encoders for annotating CT-scans

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Längkvist, Martin Widell, Jonas Thunberg, Per Loutfi, Amy Lidén, Mats Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems Örebro University Örebro Sweden Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden

High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the most important imaging modality for interstitial lung diseases, where the radiologists are interested in identifying certain patterns, and their volumetric and regional distribution. The use of machine learning can assist the radiologists with both these tasks by performing semantic segmentation. In this paper, we propose an interactive annotation-tool for semantic segmentation that assists the radiologist in labeling CT scans. The annotation tool is evaluated by six radiologists and radiology residents classifying healthy lung and reticular pattern i HRCT images. The usability of the system is evaluated with a System Usability Score (SUS) and interaction information from the readers that used the tool for annotating the CT volumes. It was discovered that the experienced usability and how the users interactied with the system differed between the users. A higher SUS-score was given by users that prioritized learning speed over model accuracy and spent less time with manual labeling and instead utilized the suggestions provided by the GUI. An analysis of the annotation variations between the readers show substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa=0.69) for classification of healthy and affected lung parenchyma in pulmonary fibrosis. The inter-reader variation is a challenge for the definition of ground truth. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： User interfaces

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Object Placement Planning and optimization for Robot Manipulators

Object Placement Planning and optimization for Robot Manipul...

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2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Joshua A. Haustein Kaiyu Hang Johannes Stork Danica Kragic Division of Robotics Perception and Learning (RPL) CAS CSC KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Yale University New Haven USA Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS) Örebro University Örebro Sweden

We address the problem of planning the placement of a rigid object with a dual-arm robot in a cluttered environment. In this task, we need to locate a collision-free pose for the object that a) facilitates the stable placement of the object, b) is reachable by the robot and c) optimizes a user-given placement objective. In addition, we need to select which robot arm to perform the placement with. To solve this task, we propose an anytime algorithm that integrates sampling-based motion planning with a novel hierarchical search for suitable placement poses. Our algorithm incrementally produces approach motions to stable placement poses, reaching placements with better objective as runtime progresses. We evaluate our approach for two different placement objectives, and observe its effectiveness even in challenging scenarios.

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Multi-object rearrangement with Monte Carlo tree search: A case study on planar nonprehensile sorting

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Song, Haoran Haustein, Joshua A. Yuan, Weihao Hang, Kaiyu Wang, Michael Yu Kragic, Danica Stork, Johannes A. Robotics Institute Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong Centre for Autonomous Systems EECS KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Yale University New HavenCT United States Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems Orebro University Orebro Sweden

— In this work, we address a planar non-prehensile sorting task. Here, a robot needs to push many densely packed objects belonging to different classes into a configuration where these classes are clearly separated from each other. To achieve this, we propose to employ Monte Carlo tree search equipped with a task-specific heuristic function. We evaluate the algorithm on various simulated sorting tasks and observe its effectiveness in reliably sorting up to 40 convex objects. In addition, we observe that the algorithm is capable to also sort non-convex objects, as well as convex objects in the presence of immovable obstacles. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Atomic switches of metallic point contacts by plasmonic heating

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 893-900页

作者： Weiqiang Zhang Hongshuang Liu Jinsheng Lu Lifa Ni Haitao Liu Qiang Li Min Qiu Bingqian Xu Takhee Lee Zhikai Zhao Xianghui Wang Maoning Wang Tao Wang Andreas Offenhausser Dirk Mayer Wang-Taek Hwang Dong Xiang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and TechnologyInstitute of Modern OpticsCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai University300350 TianjinChina State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang University310027 HangzhouChina College of Engineering University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR2 Fusionopolis WayInnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Institute of Complex Systems ICS-8BioelectronicsResearch Center Juelich and JARA Fundamentals of Future Information TechnologyJülich 52425Germany

Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization.A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct *** contrast to the reports on this approach,we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light *** demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude,which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular *** the switch process,the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or *** by simulations,we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior,i.e.,atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.

关键词： metallic behavior illumination

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