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Spinodal decomposition as a possible void initialization mechanism for spallation in shock melted materials under high strain rates

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Physical Review E 2025年第3期111卷 035406-035406页

作者： Yutong Yang Zixiang Yan Hao Liu Jingxiang Shen Wei Kang HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Department of Applied Physics School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

We show with molecular dynamics simulations that spinodal decomposition is a probable initiation mechanism of spallation in impact-melted samples at extremely high strain rates. The formation of voids or bubbles is a secondary process following the spinodal amplification of density fluctuations. As a result, the spallation strength can be related to the inherent thermodynamic property of the liquid, i.e., the liquid-gas spinodal curve, which can be determined by independent equation-of-state studies in prior. This connection between high strain-rate spallation and spinodal decomposition may be further examined in future experiments.

关键词： Spinodal decomposition

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First-principles electron-phonon interactions and polarons in the parent cuprate La2CuO4

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 L012073-L012073页

作者： Benjamin K. Chang Iurii Timrov Jinsoo Park Jin-Jian Zhou Nicola Marzari Marco Bernardi Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science and Department of Physics California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA PSI Center for Scientific Computing Theory and Data Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Understanding electronic interactions in high-temperature superconductors is an outstanding challenge. In the widely studied cuprate materials, experimental evidence points to strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling and broad photoemission spectra. Yet, the microscopic origin of this behavior is not fully understood. Here, we study e-ph interactions and polarons in a prototypical parent (undoped) cuprate, La2CuO4 (LCO), by means of first-principles calculations. Leveraging parameter-free Hubbard-corrected density functional theory, we obtain a ground state with the band gap and Cu magnetic moment in nearly exact agreement with experiments. This enables a quantitative characterization of e-ph interactions. Our calculations reveal two classes of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons with strong e-ph coupling to hole states. These modes consist of bond stretching and bond bending in the Cu-O plane as well as vibrations of apical O atoms. The hole spectral functions, obtained with a cumulant method that can capture strong e-ph coupling, exhibit broad quasiparticle peaks with a small spectral weight (Z≈0.25) and pronounced LO-phonon sidebands characteristic of polaron effects. Our calculations predict features observed in photoemission spectra, including a 40-meV peak in the e-ph coupling distribution function not explained by existing models. These results show that the universal strong e-ph coupling found experimentally in doped lanthanum cuprates is also present in the parent compound, and elucidate its microscopic origin.

关键词： High temperature superconductors

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Chiral plasmonic superlattice resonance based on metasurfaces for chiral molecular sensors

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Optics Letters 2025年第9期50卷 2900-2903页

作者： Li, Haoyu Ye, Weixiang Polavarapu, Lakshminarayana Xie, Juan Wong, Kwok-Yin Zheng, Guangchao Colloidal Physics Group School of Physics Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Center for Theoretical Physics School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Hainan University Haikou570228 China CINBIO Materials Chemistry and Physics Group University of Vigo Campus Universitario Marcosende Vigo36310 Spain State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

Metasurfaces composed of metal nanostructures enhance light–matter interactions at nanoscale due to surface plasmon resonances. However, the distance between units of a metasurface is limited by the resolution and cost of current physical methods, inhibiting the deep study and wide applications of nanophotonics. Currently, plasmonic superlattice structures constructed by the self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles provide one way to address this challenging issue. In this study, we design a chiral plasmonic superlattice based on the metasurface of a periodic unit consisting of three discrete chiral Au NRs. The CD spectra of the plasmonic lattice calculated by the Born–Kuhn model agree well with those calculated by COMSOL. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of this type of chiral sensor, focusing on bridging the theoretical relationship between chiral plasmonic lattice resonance and the detection of chiral molecules. The plasmon lattice resonance mode results in the emergence of a narrow linewidth peak within the CD spectrum, significantly enhancing the figure of merit (FOM). The FOM of the molecular sensors based on chiral plasmon lattice resonance is 8.67 times that based on discrete chiral Au NRs. Our results provide insights for the development of nanophotonics and theoretical guidance for the experimental construction of chiral plasmonic sensors with excellent performance. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance

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A comprehensive review on rectification and power management strategies for triboelectric nanogenerators

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 1-29页

作者： Zhongjie LI Bingyan CUI Biao WANG Fan SHEN Hao WU Ying GONG Yan PENG Hengyu GUO Dan ZHANG Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Future TechnologyShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China Department of Applied Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China Engineering Research Center of Unmanned Intelligent Marine Equipment Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China

Nanogenerators utilize nanomaterials to harvest mechanical or thermal energy at the micro-nano scale,thereby providing power for small self-sustaining *** to traditional generators,nanogenerators offer advantages such as compact size,high flexibility,and broad *** nanogenerators(TENGs),based on triboelectric theory,can collect energy from mechanical sources such as vibrations or sliding *** hold promise for powering small ***,the high pulse characteristics of their output voltage prevent them from directly charging electronic *** address the requirements of the internet of things(IoTs),this paper comprehensively reviews state-of-the-art power management systems used to enhance the current stability and output power of ***,the working principle and resistive load output characteristics of TENGs are *** management circuits(PMCs)based on full-wave rectifiers,half-wave rectifiers,and Bennet's doublers are subsequently analyzed and *** and electronic switches proposed to further improve rectifier performance are also *** switches are categorized as travel and voltagetriggered switches,while electronic switches include silicon-controlled rectifiers(SCRs),metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect transistors(MOSFETs),and integrated *** conclusion,the characteristics and applications of PMCs are summarized,along with the identification of existing limitations in their ***,appropriate solutions and prospects for further development are explored.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerators power management circuit rectifier switch

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FreqRISE: Explaining time series using frequency masking 6

FreqRISE: Explaining time series using frequency masking

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6th Northern Lights Deep Learning Conference, NLDL 2025

作者： Brüsch, Thea Wickstrøm, Kristoffer Knutsen Schmidt, Mikkel N. Alstrøm, Tommy Sonne Jenssen, Robert Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Denmark Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Norway Norwegian Computing Center Oslo Norway

Time series data is fundamentally important for many critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and climate, where explainable models are necessary for safe automated decision-making. To develop explainable artificial intelligence in these domains therefore implies explaining salient information in the time series. Current methods for obtaining saliency maps assumes localized information in the raw input space. In this paper, we argue that the salient information of a number of time series is more likely to be localized in the frequency domain. We propose FreqRISE, which uses masking-based methods to produce explanations in the frequency and time-frequency domain, and outperforms strong baselines across a number of tasks. The source code is available here: https://***/theabrusch/FreqRISE. © NLDL *** rights reserved.

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Latitudinal distribution and propagation of lightning-generated whistler:A statistical study by Van Allen Probes observation and ray-tracing simulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第4期68卷 1291-1297页

作者： Zhaoguo HE Jiang YU Xiangling DING Zuzheng CHEN Nigang LIU Yuguang YE Jun CUI Qiugang ZONG State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao999078China Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyZhuhai519000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519000China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Lightning-generated whistler(LGW)is an important electromagnetic wave in the magnetosphere,causing energetic electron *** we analyze the LGW distribution and propagation using Van Allen Probes data and ray-tracing *** statistics show that LGW occurs more frequently at L<2.5 with higher amplitudes in the northern *** Poynting flux demonstrates that LGW originates from both hemispheres within L~2.5,and propagates into the space as the wave power *** wave normal angle distributions indicate that LGW propagates quasi-parallel to the field line near its source and becomes oblique as the magnetic latitude ***,we use the ray-tracing model to simulate the LGW propagation,and statistically analyze the propagation characteristics of LGW,which are consistent with the observational *** paper presents the latitudinal distribution and propagation properties of LGW based on statistics for the first time,providing new insights into the LGW generation and evolution in the magnetosphere.

关键词： Lightning-generated whistler Ray-tracing model Magnetosphere Wave distribution Wave propagation

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Ultrabroad Short-Wave Infrared Emission Enabled by Chemical Unit Cosubstitution of Ni2+ in Fluoride K2LiCrF6:Ni2+ for Infrared Spectroscopy Applications

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ACS Materials Letters 2025年 2010-2016页

作者： He, Fanquan Song, Enhai Wang, Weichao Zhou, Yayun Zhang, Qinyuan State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Foshan University Foshan528225 China

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) light sources have received widespread attention for their reduced scattering effects, enhanced signal-to-noise ratios, and better substance absorption characteristics. However, the lack of broadband SWIR materials suitable for blue LED excitation hinders applications such as infrared spectroscopy quantitative analysis. Herein, K2LiCrF6:Ni2+ with chemical unit cosubstitution (2Ni2+ → Li+ + Cr3+) exhibits ultrabroadband SWIR emission at ∼1615 nm with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of ∼400 nm upon blue-light excitation. The compact Cr3+-Ni2+ distance (∼4 Å) enables an ultrahigh confinement energy transfer (ET) efficiency of >90%. Additionally, Cr3+ can serve as a sensitizer for rare-earth activators (Yb3+, Nd3+, Ho3+, Er3+) in this host lattice to achieve specific SWIR emissions. A phosphor film fabricated from K2LiCrF6:Ni2+ and an inorganic binder demonstrates superior spectral properties and low working temperatures. The combination of this film and blue LED yields a broadband SWIR LED with potential applications in the real-time monitoring of H2O/D2O mixture concentrations. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Luminescent devices

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Spin-orbit splitting on photodissociation in open-shell diatomics by intense UV pulses

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Physical Review A 2025年第1期111卷 013122-013122页

作者： Yan Rong Liu Victor Kimberg Maomao Gong Yongjun Cheng Yong Wu Jian Guo Wang Song Bin Zhang School of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry–IRC SQC Siberian Federal University 660074 Krasnoyarsk Russia Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088 China Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100084 China

Spin-orbit (SO) splitting in open-shell diatomic molecules gives rise to unique doublet electronic states and a wide range of rotational spectra. In spite of high importance of SO effect its manifestation at interaction with ultrashort and intense ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses is weakly studied. Our simulations confirm clearly manifestations of nonlinear phenomena in SO-splitting fragment spectra as the UV pulse intensity increases. These nonlinear effects in kinetic energy release and photofragment angular distribution spectra clearly reflect the SO splitting of the Π state and the R−Ω coupling (R is the nuclear rotational angular momentum and Ω=Λ+Σ is the projection of total angular momentum on the molecule axis). We show that in case of nonresolved rotational excitation the R−Ω coupling on doublet-state transitions can be effectively approximated as the R−Λ coupling, as for a singlet state, yet including actual SO splitting on the potential energy curve of the doublet Π state. The present investigation not only reveals the nonlinear SO-splitting effects on photodissociation dynamics induced by intense UV pulses, but also provides practical approaches for efficient modeling of the photoinduced ultrafast nuclear dynamics incorporating the SO-splitting phenomena.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Measurement of early hot electrons in low-gas-fill hohlraum on Shenguang-100 kJ laser facility

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-7页

作者： Pan, Kaiqiang He, Xiao’an Li, Jiwei Yu, Minghai Xiao, Chengzhuo Li, Xin Liu, Yaoyuan Li, Qi Li, Zhichao Gong, Tao Li, Sanwei Liu, Zhanjun Hao, Liang Yang, Dong He, Xiantu National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha China Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China

Early hot electron can preheat the pellet fuel and thus lead to lower implosion performance. The properties of hot electrons in early stage of implosion experiments in Shenguang-100 kJ laser facility were investigated. It was shown that both the temperature and the energy of early hot electrons were very low. The upper limit of the temperature and the energy of early hot electrons in our experiments were only 7.7 keV and 0.35 J, respectively. Besides, the generation mechanisms of early hot electrons were also different from NIF experiments according to the results of the hard X-ray imager (HXI). In NIF experiments, two-plasmon decay and multi-beam stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) were dominate mechanisms that generate early hot electrons. However, SRS of the outer beams was our dominant mechanism. Spectrum of the scattered light of SRS was obtained by radiative hydrodynamic and ray-tracing simulations. The result showed that the spectrum was peaked at $$\lambda _\textrm{s}=482\,\hbox {nm}$$ , which meant hot electrons with the temperature near 7keV can be generated. And from the result of HXI, hot electrons deposited onto the pellet were estimated to less than $$6.8\times 10^{-3}$$ J. Deeper analysis showed that, in the beam overlapping region, the plasma density was unsuitable for multi-beam SRS, so no hot electrons with larger temperature were generated.

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50-femtosecond all polarization-maintaining fiber laser system at 1100 nm

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Optics Express 2025年第4期33卷 6850-6861页

作者： Wen, Junpeng Lin, Wei Wang, Wenlong Dong, Jiangli Xiu, Hao Fan, Yiheng Cui, Qingyue Yang, Fei Guo, Xiaoyang Liu, Yalong Wei, Xiaoming Yang, Zhongmin School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques Guangzhou510641 China Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultra-intense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Intense Laser Application Technology College of Engineering Physics Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen518118 China Guangzhou Yangming Laser Technology Co. Ltd Guangzhou510663 China Research Institute of Future Technology South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China

We demonstrate a robust high-energy all polarization-maintaining (PM) ultrashort pulse Yb-doped fiber laser system at 1100 nm that explores chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) for pre-chirp management. This all-PM fiber laser system delivers compressed pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 81.56 MHz with a duration of 47 fs and pulse energy of ∼40 nJ. Experimental results reveal that the temperature variation of the CFBGs has a limited influence on the temporal characteristics of compressed pulses. The use of CFBGs in an all-PM-fiber configuration simplifies the implementation of pre-chirp managed amplification, making the laser system robust and compact for practical applications. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Fiber lasers

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