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Privacy and Security Challenges in Federated Learning for UAV Systems: A Systematic Review

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 86599-86615页

作者： Farsi, Ahmed Al Khan, Ajmal Mughal, Muhammad Rizwan Bait-Suwailam, Mohammed M. Sultan Qaboos University Communication and Information Research Center Muscat Oman Sultan Qaboos University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Muscat Oman

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have become indispensable assets across various sectors, leveraging their mobility and data collection capabilities. However, privacy and security concerns have fueled interest in Federated Learning as a potential solution. Federated learning (FL), being decentralized and collaborative, holds promise in addressing the privacy risks inherent in centralized data processing while enhancing model performance. In this review, we explore the privacy and security implications of FL in UAV ecosystems. We highlight FL’s potential to mitigate privacy risks by aggregating model updates locally, minimizing data transmission needs. In addition, we examine security challenges and evaluate protective mechanisms. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified gaps and proposed future research directions, with the aim of improving the security and privacy of FL in UAV applications. Our findings highlight advanced strategies, such as secure aggregation, adversarial defenses, and lightweight cryptographic techniques, to mitigate privacy and security threats in Federated Learning-based UAV. They also underscore the need for real-world validations and regulatory frameworks to ensure resilient and ethically governed deployments in UAV networks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain Decentralized Learning Federated Learning Privacy Preservation FL UAV

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A comparison study between Modbus and IEC 61850 MMS Protocols 33

A comparison study between Modbus and IEC 61850 MMS Protocol...

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33rd Southern African Universities Power engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2025

作者： Johnson, Rayner Krishnamurthy, Senthil Mataifa, Haltor Esmail, Mohammed Cape Peninsula University of Technology Center for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Cape Town7530 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535162

The growing adoption of renewable energy primary plants has been seen globally. South Africa has seen a significant development in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) farms in recent years due to the alleviated regulations stipulated in the latest Electricity Regulation Amendment Act. Connecting the PV plants to the power grid has also undergone a technical evolution by incorporating modern embedded computers known as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) 61850 standard defines a suite of protocols used in modern power systems. This study compares the IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messaging Specification (MMS) with the well-known MODBUS protocol. The comparison is achieved by simulating a solar farm's Power Plant Controller (PPC). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Solar power plants

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Voltage Regulation in Edge Energy Router System via H_(∞)Control with Markov Jump

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 196-207页

作者： Yutong Li Haochen Hua Junwei Cao Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100092China College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

With the increase in the amount of tasks offtoaded to the network edge, the energy supply of edge devices has become a challenge worthy of attention. It is a feasible way to use renewable energy to supply energy for edge devices, but production of renewable energy has certain uncertainty and stochasticity. In order to provide sufficient energy to ensure stable operation of edge devices, energy Internet (EI) provides an idea, that is, different edge devices are connected with distributed small energy supply and storage systems. As the core equipment of energy Internet, energy router (ER) plays an important role in information transmission, energy transmission and system control. In this paper, the concept of edge energy router is proposed, which has the ability of task computing and scheduling similar to edge computing server, as well as the ability of energy transmission and system control of energy router. Each edge energy router is connected with loads, photovoltaic panel (PV), micro turbine (MT) and battery energy storage (BES) to form a self-sufficient microgrid (MG) system. However, there exists a delay in energy transmission and task scheduling between different ERs. Moreover, the DC bus voltage stability of each edge energy router system is negatively affected by internal uncertainty, stochasticity and external interference. Therefore, the system is modeled by Markov jump ODEs with time delay, and robust control of DC bus voltage deviation is discussed in this paper. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) method is used to solve this Markov jump control problem. Finally, numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Edge computing edge energy router Markovian jump system microgrid ordinary differential equation

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Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successive Approximation ADC 22

Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successiv...

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22nd International Learning and Technology Conference, L and T 2025

作者： Baig, Muhammad Samee Hussein, Aziza I. Effat University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Saudi Arabia Effat University College of Engineering Energy and Technology Research Center Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532215

Smart cities require better cellular communication, incorporating a high data rate that satisfies the Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements. A high data rate demands higher bandwidth with low latency. However, the already saturated or underutilized frequency spectrum hinders this realization. 5G and cognitive radio technology can enhance spectrum utilization to meet the high data demands of future cellular communication. Cognitive radio uses spectrum sensing to identify underutilized frequencies without interfering with licensed users, addressing the scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a cognitive radio receiver design with a SAR analog-to-digital converter, which is recognized for having a modest resolution for high bandwidth signals, is implemented. Moreover, the pipeline technique in the SAR design is proposed to increase the resolution to be suitable for 5G applications. The high-level model of the system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The quantization error observed in the regular SAR ADC design is compared to that in the proposed pipeline SAR ADC, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the pipeline SAR ADC, which makes it suitable for spectrum sensing in next-generation cognitive radio systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Mixed RF/FSO Communication Systems With Rate Splitting

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1621-1634页

作者： Zhang, Yiran Xiao, Zhichen Yang, Liang Bithas, Petros S. Hasna, Mazen O. Karagiannidis, George K. Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Digital Industry Technologies Athens157 72 Greece Qatar University Department of Electrical Engineering Doha2713 Qatar Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thessaloniki541 24 Greece Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center Beirut0379-7751 Lebanon

In this paper, rate splitting (RS) has been applied in a mixed dual-hop radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) relay system. In particular, assuming fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocols, the performance of both heterodyne detection and intensity-modulated direct detection (IM-DD) has been analytically evaluated. In this framework, it is assumed that the RF channel suffers from Rayleigh fading, while the FSO channel is affected by the atmospheric turbulence-induced fading with Málaga (M) distribution and pointing errors. For the considered system, we derive expressions for the outage probability, the average bit error rate (BER), and the average channel capacity. In addition, the asymptotic performance of the system at high signal-to-noise ratios regime is analyzed, special cases are discussed, and useful insights have been extracted. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the analytical and asymptotic expressions. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Heterodyne detection

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Advanced Helical Antenna Design for X-Band Applications Using AI

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Progress in Electromagnetics research C 2025年 153卷 201-211页

作者： Zeain, Mohammed Yousif Abu, Maisarah Toding, Apriana Zakaria, Zahriladha Alsariera, Hussein Ullah, Ihsan Abdulbari, Ali Abdulateef Yon, Hamizan Taha, Bilal Salman Inam Abbasi, Muhammad Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Durian Tunggal76100 Malaysia Makassar Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Information Technology Center University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Antenna Research Center College of Engineering School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronics University Tenaga National Malaysia Malaysia

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel 3D-printed helical antenna operating within the 9.4–10.8 GHz frequency band. The antenna, employing a lightweight paper substrate and a strip-based helical structure, exhibits robust circular polarization characteristics and wideband operation. Rigorous simulations predict a peak CP gain of 11.7 dBi at 9.8 GHz and a high simulated radiation efficiency of 95%. Experimental measurements validate these predictions, achieving a peak CP gain of 11.6 dBi at 9.8 GHz. This research demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed helical antennas for diverse applications in modern wireless communication systems, including 5G, satellite communication, and radar. Furthermore, this study leverages the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by employing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), a sophisticated metaheuristic algorithm, to optimize the antenna’s design. The GWO algorithm is utilized to efficiently search the design space and identify optimal values for key parameters, such as the number of turns, helix pitch, and helix diameter, with the objective of maximizing antenna gain to achieve a target of 15 dBi. This research highlights the potential of AI-driven optimization techniques in advancing the design of high-performance antennas for emerging wireless communication systems. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Helical antennas

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Online Menu-Based Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Charging

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年第3期16卷 2478-2491页

作者： Mathioudaki, Angeliki Tsaousoglou, Georgios Varvarigos, Emmanouel Fotakis, Dimitris National Technical University of Athens School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Zografou15772 Greece Technical University of Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Section for Dynamical Systems Kongens Lyngby2800 Denmark Archimedes Research Unit Athena Research Center Marousi15125 Greece

This paper addresses the problem of efficiently scheduling of EV charging requests in a single Charging Station (CS), also taking into consideration the inability of EV users to express their preferences in closed-form utility functions. We consider a paradigm where a menu of possible charging intervals, each associated with an urgency price, is generated online. By letting the EV users pick their most preferable menu option, the proposed algorithm commits on each EV’s charging completion time upon its arrival, achieves a near optimal total weighted charging completion time, and prevents the users from strategically misreporting their preferences, while offering a practical and implementable solution to the problem of EVs - charging station interaction. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our algorithmic approach performs nearly optimal in a variety of practically relevant scenarios. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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Azimuthal Equidistant Mapping and Projection of Head CT Scans for Fracture Visualization

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 78214-78220页

作者： Hadjittoouli, Nicolas Nikolaou, Christos Pitris, Costas University of Cyprus KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia2109 Cyprus Limassol General Hospital Radiology Department Limassol3304 Cyprus

Skull fractures of the base and facial regions of the skull are challenging to identify, even by expert radiologists. The intricate nature and subtle features of such fractures, demand meticulous attention and ample time allocation to assure effective diagnosis and positive patient outcomes. This paper introduces a novel approach, utilizing azimuthal equidistant mapping, to better visualize the skull and, thus, enhance the diagnostic speed and accuracy of skull fracture evaluation. The proposed method maps the inherently spherical shape of the skull into a planar representation, providing radiologists with an alternative view of each complete hemisphere. Applying azimuthal equidistant mapping to CT volumetric data preserves the skull’s anatomy, while fractures, which are usually perpendicular to the bone’s surface, become more visible in projection views. The enhanced visibility is particularly useful for subtle basilar or facial fractures and increases the likelihood of detection. The effectiveness of the technique was evaluated using the CQ500 dataset. Azimuthal equidistant mapping and projection can become a valuable addition to conventional radiologic evaluation, offering an alternative view for radiologists and emergency department staff, which can increase the effectiveness and time efficiency of skull fracture detection. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Diagnostic radiography

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Impact of dissolution and precipitation on pore structure in CO2 sequestration within tight sandstone reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2025年第2期22卷 868-883页

作者： Hui Gao Kai-Qing Luo Chen Wang Teng Li Zhi-Lin Cheng Liang-Bin Dou Kai Zhao Nan Zhang Yue-Liang Liu School of Petroleum Engineering Xi'an Shiyou University Engineering Research Center of Development and Management for Low to Ultra-Low Permeability Oil & Gas Reservoirs in West China Ministry of Education Xi'an Key Laboratory of Tight Oil (shale Oil) Development Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

Complex physical and chemical reactions during CO2sequestration alter the microscopic pore structure of geological formations,impacting sequestration *** investigate CO2sequestration dynamics,comprehensive physical simulation experiments were conducted under varied pressures,coupled with assessments of changes in mineral composition,ion concentrations,pore morphology,permeability,and sequestration capacity before and after ***,a method using NMR T2spectra changes to measure pore volume shift and estimate CO2sequestration is *** quantifies CO2needed for mineralization of soluble ***,when CO2dissolves in crude oil,the precipitation of asphaltene compounds impairs both seepage and storage ***,the impact of dissolution and precipitation is closely associated with storage pressure,with a particularly pronounced influence on smaller *** pressure levels rise,the magnitude of pore alterations progressively *** a pressure threshold of 25 MPa,the rate of change in small pores due to dissolution reaches a maximum of 39.14%,while precipitation results in a change rate of-58.05% for small *** observed formation of dissolution pores and micro-cracks during dissolution,coupled with asphaltene precipitation,provides crucial insights for establishing CO2sequestration parameters and optimizing strategies in low permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Dissolution Precipitation Pore structure CO2 sequestration Unconventional reservoirs

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Automated Topology Synthesis of Analog Integrated Circuits With Frequency Compensation

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年第3期44卷 832-844页

作者： Zhao, Zhenxin Liu, Jun Zhao, Wen-Sheng Zhang, Lihong Hangzhou Dianzi University Innovation Center for Electronic Design Automation Technology Zhejiang Hangzhou310018 China Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering St. John'sNLA1C 5S7 Canada

Analog circuit topology synthesis suffers from weak synthesis capability and low-synthesis efficiency, which result in a bottleneck toward its practical industrial applications. This article presents a proximal-policy-optimization-based circuit topology synthesis framework, which features a superior convergence rate. To further promote its synthesis efficiency, we have improved a deterministic optimization method by incorporating a bias-aware scheme and group concept, which is applied as a filter to eliminate the undesirable topologies in the early evaluation stage. Moreover, a graph-based refinement scheme is proposed to perform deterministically on the generated circuit topologies, which can efficiently add frequency compensation circuits. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, our proposed method not only boosts the synthesis efficiency by at least 3 times but also enhances the synthesis capability with a deterministic compensation scheme, showcasing significant advancement of performance efficacy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network topology

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