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Hazard Resistance-Based Spatiotemporal Risk Analysis for Distribution Network Outages During Hurricanes

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年第3期40卷 2143-2152页

作者： Xu, Luo Lin, Ning Xi, Dazhi Feng, Kairui Poor, H. Vincent Princeton University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton University Center for Policy Research on Energy and the Environment PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PrincetonNJ08544 United States

In recent decades, blackouts have shown an increasing prevalence of power outages due to extreme weather events such as hurricanes. Precisely assessing the spatiotemporal outages in distribution networks, the most vulnerable part of power systems, is critical to enhancing power system resilience. The Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) simulation method is widely used for spatiotemporal risk analysis of power systems during extreme weather hazards. However, it is found here that the SMC method can lead to large errors as it repeatedly samples the failure probability from the time-invariant fragility functions of system components in time-series analysis, particularly overestimating damages under evolving hazards with high-frequency sampling. To address this issue, a novel hazard resistance-based spatiotemporal risk analysis (HRSRA) method is proposed. This method converts the failure probability of a component into a hazard resistance and uses it as a time-invariant value in time-series analysis. The proposed HRSRA provides an adaptive framework for incorporating high-spatiotemporal-resolution meteorology models into power outage simulations. By leveraging the geographic information system data of the power system and a physics-based hurricane wind field model, the superiority of the proposed method is validated using real-world time-series power outage data from Puerto Rico, including data collected during Hurricane Fiona in 2022. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Risk analysis

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Cost-Optimized Task Offloading for Dependent Applications in Collaborative Edge and Cloud Computing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12975-12988页

作者： Yuan, Haitao Hu, Qinglong Wang, Shen Bi, Jing Buyya, Rajkumar Lu, Jinhu Yang, Jinhong Zhang, Jia Zhou, MengChu Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Beijing University of Technology School of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Beijing100124 China Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems MelbourneVIC3010 Australia CSSC Systems Engineering Research Institute Beijing100036 China Southern Methodist University Lyle School of Engineering Department of Computer Science DallasTX75205 United States New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States

A collaborative system that includes mobile devices (MDs), edge nodes (ENs), and the cloud is needed where ENs at the network edge can run offloaded tasks of MDs with limited resources and energy for timely processing for latency-sensitive applications. Unlike existing studies, we formulate a total cost minimization problem for the system for applications, which can be divided into several interdependent subtasks. Each subtask can be executed in MDs, ENs, and the cloud. This work formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear program to minimize the total system cost. To address it, a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Genetic Simulated-annealing-based Particle swarm optimization with Auto-Encoder (GSPAE) is proposed, which innovatively combines feature extraction of deep learning and global search of meta-heuristic optimization. Genetic operations provide diverse solutions, the Metropolis acceptance of annealing offers a robust global search, and autoencoders (AEs) extract distribution characteristics of particles toward high-quality regions for fast convergence. Thus, GSPAE optimizes the associations between ENs and MDs and the scheduling of subtasks among MDs, ENs, and the cloud. Experiments with large-scale Google cluster datasets show that compared to state-of-the-art benchmark methods, GSPAE reduces the total cost by at least 17% while strictly meeting limits of application latency, available energy, computing, and communication resources of ENs and MDs. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Energy-Efficient Fast Object Detection on Edge Devices for IoT Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16681-16694页

作者： Nurul Achmadiah, Mas Ahamad, Afaroj Sun, Chi-Chia Kuo, Wen-Kai National Formosa University SMIM Research Center Department of Electro-Optics Huwei632 Taiwan Yuan Ze University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taoyuan320 Taiwan National Taipei University Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei237303 Taiwan National Formosa University Department of Electro-Optics Huwei632 Taiwan

This article presents an Internet of Things (IoT) application that utilizes an AI classifier for fast-object detection using the frame difference method. This method, with its shorter duration, is the most efficient and suitable for fast-object detection in IoT systems, which require energy-efficient applications compared to end-to-end methods. We have implemented this technique on three edge devices: 1) AMD AlveoTMU50;2) Jetson Orin Nano;and 3) Hailo- 8TM AI Accelerator, and four models with artificial neural networks and transformer models. We examined various classes, including birds, cars, trains, and airplanes. Using the frame difference method, the MobileNet model consistently has high accuracy, low latency, and is highly energy-efficient. YOLOX consistently shows the lowest accuracy, lowest latency, and lowest efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has improved the average accuracy gain by 28.314%, the average efficiency gain by 3.6 times, and the average latency reduction by 39.305% compared to the end-to-end method. Of all these classes, the faster objects are trains and airplanes. Experiments show that the accuracy percentage for trains and airplanes is lower than other categories. So, in tasks that require fast detection and accurate results, end-to-end methods can be a disaster because they cannot handle fast object detection. To improve computational efficiency, we designed our proposed method as a lightweight detection algorithm. It is well suited for applications in IoT systems, especially those that require fast-moving object detection and higher accuracy. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Robust Error State Sage-Husa Adaptive Kalman Filter for UWB Localization

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 16034-16049页

作者： Juston, Marius Gupta, Soumil Mathur, Shrey Norris, William R. Nottage, Dustin Soylemezoglu, Ahmet University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign The Grainger College of Engineering Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering Department UrbanaIL61801 United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign The Grainger College of Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UrbanaIL61801 United States Construction Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center ChampaignIL61822 United States

Given the sensors’ path and interference mitigation capabilities, ultra-wideband (UWB)-based positioning systems have demonstrated high accuracy and reliability. This work aims to improve the Sage-Husa fuzzy adaptive filter (SHFAF) proposed in previous works by modifying the motion model to a 3-D ground-based differential drive robot using IMU and wheel encoder kinematic fused control inputs. In addition to the changed motion model kinematics, this article improved the positive definite constraint on P and R during dynamic estimations, thus making the filter more robust to outliers. An improvement to the computation and derivation of the fuzzy logic system for the SHFAF based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structure was developed, and training the fuzzy system using gradient descent was applied to improve the system’s accuracy. Experimental validation was conducted using real-world data from a Clearpath Jackal robot equipped with Qorvo UWB sensors and static nodes. Regarding localization accuracy, the proposed velocity-based SHFAF (VelSHFAF) system outperformed the previous SHFAF implementation by approximately 30%–25% across two test courses, demonstrating its enhanced performance and reliability. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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Resource Allocation for Fairness Enhancement in Multi-Cell Vehicular VLC System With Optical IRS: A Cooperative Transmission Approach

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16931-16946页

作者： An, Nan Yang, Fang Liu, Chang Cheng, Ling Song, Jian Han, Zhu Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Center of National Railway Intelligent Transportation System Engineering and Technology Beijing100081 China China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Signal and Communication Research Institute Beijing100081 China University of the Witwatersrand School of Electrical and Information Engineering Johannesburg2050 South Africa Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

In multi-cell downlink vehicular visible light communication (VLC) systems, vehicles at a cell edge experience lower achievable data rates compared with those at a cell center, primarily due to the weaker channel gain and inter-cell interference, leading to unfairness among vehicles. In this paper, a cooperative transmission approach is proposed for a vehicular VLC system with optical intelligent reflecting surface (OIRS) to enhance the max-min fairness of the system by leveraging the additional OIRS-reflected channels and the interference-mitigating capabilities of cooperative transmission. To this end, the system model is established, followed by the formulation of a resource allocation problem aiming at enhancing max-min fairness, in which the minimum achievable data rate among vehicles is optimized. Then, an effective resource algorithm is proposed, transforming the original problem into an equivalent form and subsequently decomposing it into three subproblems, focusing on OIRS assignment, subchannel allocation, and power adjustment, respectively. By employing a block coordinate descent algorithm, the three subproblems are solved iteratively until convergence. In addition, simulation results confirm the improvement in max-min fairness brought by OIRS and the proposed cooperative transmission approach. Moreover, compared with various baselines, the proposed resource allocation algorithm significantly enhances in the max-min fairness for the vehicular VLC system, crucial for this application. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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A Multifunctional Hydrogel with Multimodal Self-Powered Sensing Capability and Stable Direct Current Output for Outdoor Plant Monitoring Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 1-24页

作者： Xinge Guo Luwei Wang Zhenyang Jin Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of Singapore5 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117608Singapore NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming(SUrF) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117558Singapore

Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability *** systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental *** outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex ***,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by *** can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous ***,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption *** potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental *** multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.

关键词： Self-powered sensor Hydrogel Energy harvester Outdoor farming Self-sustainable IoT

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Impact of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials for Traction Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 3737-3752页

作者： Muthusamy, Mohanraj Abdel-Mageed, Bassam S. Bernier, Fabrice Lamarre, Jean-Michel Grenier, Serge Pillay, Pragasen Engineering Center Powersys Inc. Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia university Montreal Quebec Canada National Research Council of Canada Boucherville QC Canada Rio Tinto Fer et Titane Sorel-Tracy Québec Canada

This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of the magnetic properties of Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) on the performance of electric motors for traction applications. A sensitivity analysis is done to select the parameters for the SMC stator. This paper presents a comparison of the SMC stator with a laminated stator design which is designed to fit into the same frame. The core loss of an SMC material is tested using a toroidal measurement setup. State-of-the-art Honda Accord motor is benchmarked with laminated and SMC stator to prove the advantages of SMC material at higher frequencies. Three different SMC materials are compared for the same machine specification. Eddy current loss density is plotted using 3D FEA analysis for all three different materials. Efficiency maps are presented for the three designs for a maximum speed range of 10000 rpm. Higher pole designs such as 24-slot/16-pole and 36-slot/30-pole has been designed and analyzed with laminated stator and SMC stator design to prove the effectiveness of the SMC material at elevated frequencies. The SMC stator is designed with a 3D flux carrying capability to improve the torque density by eliminating the end winding. The tooth body length of SMC stator is varied from 36 mm to 56 mm to analyze the performance of the motor. Nodal force and mechanical stress is calculated for the final SMC stator design with and without fillet. The manufacturing steps of the SMC stator is presented for the final design. Finally, the experimental results are presented with FEA results for the SMC motor. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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SMNS structure based fiber optic interferometer for cadmium detection

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Optics Express 2025年第8期33卷 17233-17244页

作者： Wang, Xujie Al Noman, Abdullah Liu, Yifan Yu, Changyuan Photonics Research Center Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 11 Yuk Choi Rd. Hung Hom999077 Hong Kong Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Castletroy Co. Limerick V94 EY04 Ireland

A cost-effective, easy-to-manufacture, compact, and reliable single-mode fiber/ multimode fiber/ no-core fiber/ single-mode fiber (SMNS) structure based interferometer is proposed for the detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+). This setup involves splicing a segment of multimode fiber (MMF) and no-core fiber (NCF) between a single-mode fiber (SMF), followed by a functionalization procedure with a composite of graphene oxide (GO)-cysteamine (MEA) and chitosan (CS)-Cd2+ imprinted polymer (Cd2+IP). The sensitivity of the sensors has been calculated by monitoring the interference minima. Three identical probes have been fabricated to ensure the duplicability and the highest sensing sensitivity is measured at -0.1211 nm/ parts per billion (ppb) in the cadmium detection range of 0 ppb to 10 ppb with a response time of 90 s. The probe demonstrates a high selectivity for Cd2+ compared to other heavy metal ions. The response of the probe in various pH solutions has been investigated to minimize the sensing error. Further, the temperature crosstalk is eliminated by assessing the response of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Single mode fibers

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BACFuse: Towards Noise-Resistant BAC Detection Based on Multi-Modal Fusion on Smartphone

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16410-16423页

作者： Wu, Yuan Zhao, Gaorong Yang, Zheng Feng, Yong Wang, Yongmei Ding, Lei Chen, Jia Zhang, Jian Chen, Yanjiao Wuhan Textile University School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information 430200 China Wuhan University School of Computer Science Wuhan230036 China Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming650500 China Anhui Agricultural University School of Information and Artificial Intelligence Hefei230036 China Zhejiang University College of Electrical Engineering Hangzhou310027 China

Drunk-driving is an important factor causing road traffic accidents and deaths, which deserves a lot of research. However, most current methods for detecting drunk-driving depend on customized hardware or require users' active participation, making it impractical to monitor Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) during driving. This paper introduces BACFuse, a device-free, contactless, and non-invasive system utilizing smartphone in driving environments, which achieves relatively high accuracy in drunk-driving monitoring by integrating various voice sensing modalities. BACFuse first captures vocal cord vibration from ultrasonic signals, then records voice commands from audio signals. BACFuse combines the ultrasonic signals with audio signals and effectively detects drunk-driving and BAC. A key enabler lies in our modeling of latent interaction between acoustic and ultrasonic signals to mitigate ambient noise, realizing noise-resistant drunk-driving detection. Additionally, we propose an effective modules within the co-attention method to fuse the multi-modal signals, further enhancing the accuracy of drunk-driving detection. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate BACFuse's performance on 20 participants in safe laboratory experiments. The results demonstrate that our system achieves BAC measurement with a MAE of 2.13mg/dl, showing promise for future in-car driving management paradigms. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic devices

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Unveiling anomalies: transformative insights from transformer-based autoencoder models

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第1期47卷 29-44页

作者： Dehkordi, Sajad Balali Nasri, Saeed Dami, Sina Department of Electrical Engineering Najaf Abad Branch Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad Iran Digital Processing and Machine Vision Research Center Najaf Abad Branch Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad Iran Department of Computer Engineering West Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Nowadays, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a critical role in safeguarding networks by identifying and mitigating unauthorized access and malicious activities, yet face challenges in accurately detecting sophisticated threats while minimizing false positives. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of a Transformer-based Autoencoder model for network intrusion detection using the NSL-KDD dataset. We evaluate the model's anomaly detection performance based on key metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Precision-Recall Area Under Curve (AUC), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) on the test set. Our findings reveal promising results, with the model achieving low MSE, high AUC, and relatively low RMSE values, indicating its effectiveness in detecting anomalies. Additionally, we provide an in-depth examination of the model architecture, highlighting the role of encoder and decoder layers, dropout regularization, and optimization techniques such as Adam optimizer. Our analysis sheds light on the efficacy of Transformer-based Autoencoder models for network intrusion detection tasks, offering insights into their architectural design and performance evaluation. The novelty of this study lies in the implementation of a Transformer-based Autoencoder architecture for network intrusion detection, showcasing its superior performance in anomaly detection compared to traditional methods. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Network intrusion

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