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Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Based Delay and Power Optimization for UAV-WMN Substation Inspection

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Tang, Qingwei Sun, Wei Liu, Zhi Xiao, Yang Li, Qiyue Yuan, Xiaohui Zhang, Qian Hefei University of Technology School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Anhui Hefei230009 China Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Industrial Automation 193 Tunxi Rd Hefei230009 China The University of Electro-Communications Department of Computer and Network Engineering Tokyo182-8585 Japan The University of Alabama Department of Computer Science TuscaloosaAL35487 United States University of North Texas Department of Science and Engineering DentonTX76207 United States

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), due to their flexibility and extensive coverage, have gradually become essential for substation inspections. Wireless mesh networks (WMN) provide a scalable and resilient network environment for UAVs, where each node can serve as either an access point or a relay point, thereby enhancing the network’s fault tolerance and overall resilience. However, the UAV-WMN combined system is complex and dynamic, facing the challenge of dynamically adjusting node transmission power to minimize end-to-end (E2E) delay while ensuring channel utilization efficiency. Real-time topology changes, high-dimensional state spaces, and large solution spaces make it difficult for traditional algorithms to guarantee convergence and stability. Generic reinforcement learning (RL) methods also struggle with stable convergence. This paper introduces a new Lyapunov function-based proof to address these issues and provide a stable condition for dynamic control strategies. Then, we developed a specialized neural network power controller and combined it with the MATD3 algorithm, effectively enhancing the system’s convergence and E2E performance. Simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of this method and demonstrate its superior performance in complex scenarios compared to other algorithms. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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A 41.32Gb/s 1.8 pJ/bit Collaborative Baud-Rate CDR With Background Eye-Climbing Algorithm and Low-Power Global Clock Distribution

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2025年

作者： Kim, Jihee Park, Jia Shin, Jiwon Kim, Hanseok Kim, Kahyun Shin, Haengbeom Park, Ha-Jung Choi, Woo-Seok Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Inter University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Samsung Electronics Hwaseong18448 Korea Republic of

This article presents design techniques for an energy-efficient multi-lane receiver (RX) with baud-rate clock and data recovery (CDR), which is essential for high-throughput low-latency communication in high-performance computing systems. The proposed low-power global clock distribution not only significantly reduces power consumption across multi-lane RXs but is capable of compensating for the frequency offset without any phase interpolators (PIs). To this end, a fractional divider (FDIV) controlled by CDR is placed close to the global phase locked loop. Moreover, in order to address the suboptimal lock point of conventional baud-rate phase detectors, the proposed CDR employs a background eye-climbing algorithm (ECA), which optimizes the sampling phase and maximizes the vertical eye margin (VEM). Fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process, the proposed 43.32Gb/s RX shows a low integrated fractional spur of -40.4 dBc at a 2500 ppm frequency offset. Furthermore, it improves bit-error-rate (BER) performance by increasing the VEM by 26 mV. The entire RX achieves the energy efficiency of 1.8 pJ/bit with the aggregate data rate of 128 Gb/s. © 1966-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successive Approximation ADC

Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successiv...

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Learning and Technology Conference (L&T)

作者： Muhammad Samee Baig Aziza I. Hussein Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Effat University Saudi Arabia College of Engineering Energy and Technology Research Center Effat University Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331532215

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532222

Smart cities require better cellular communication, incorporating a high data rate that satisfies the Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements. A high data rate demands higher bandwidth with low latency. However, the already saturated or underutilized frequency spectrum hinders this realization. 5G and cognitive radio technology can enhance spectrum utilization to meet the high data demands of future cellular communication. Cognitive radio uses spectrum sensing to identify underutilized frequencies without interfering with licensed users, addressing the scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a cognitive radio receiver design with a SAR analog-to-digital converter, which is recognized for having a modest resolution for high bandwidth signals, is implemented. Moreover, the pipeline technique in the SAR design is proposed to increase the resolution to be suitable for 5G applications. The high-level model of the system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The quantization error observed in the regular SAR ADC design is compared to that in the proposed pipeline SAR ADC, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the pipeline SAR ADC, which makes it suitable for spectrum sensing in next-generation cognitive radio systems.

关键词： Quantization (signal) 5G mobile communication Software packages Smart cities Receivers Bandwidth Sensors Cognitive radio Signal resolution Pipeline processing

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La-substituted W-type barium-nickel ferrites for tunable and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第3期32卷 645-656页

作者： Long Wang Jiurong Liu Shenghui Xie Yanli Deng Zhou Wang Shanyue Hou Shengying Yue Gang Wang Na Wu Zhihui Zeng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Army Engineering University of PLA College of Field Engineering Nanjing 210007China Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSchool of AerospaceXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana 61801USA School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

W-type barium-nickel ferrite(BaNi_(2)Fe_(16)O_(27))is a highly promising material for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption be-cause of its magnetic loss capability for EMW,low cost,large-scale production potential,high-temperature resistance,and excellent chemical ***,the poor dielectric loss of magnetic ferrites hampers their utilization,hindering enhancement in their EMW-absorption *** efficient strategies that improve the EMW-absorption performance of ferrite is highly desired but re-mains ***,an efficient strategy substituting Ba^(2+)with rare earth La^(3+)in W-type ferrite was proposed for the preparation of novel La-substituted ferrites(Ba_(1-x)LaxNi_(2)Fe_(15.4)O_(27)).The influences of La^(3+)substitution on ferrites’EMW-absorption performance and the dissipative mechanism toward EMW were systematically explored and ***^(3+)efficiently induced lattice defects,enhanced defect-induced polarization,and slightly reduced the ferrites’bandgap,enhancing the dielectric properties of the ***^(3+)also enhanced the ferromagnetic resonance loss and strengthened magnetic *** effects considerably improved the EMW-absorption perform-ance of Ba_(1-x)LaxNi_(2)Fe_(15.4)O_(27)compared with pure W-type *** x=0.2,the best EMW-absorption performance was achieved with a minimum reflection loss of-55.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.44 GHz.

关键词： electromagnetic wave absorption W-type barium ferrite rare earth dielectric

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Robust Model Predictive Control for Onboard Interleaved Multilevel Boost DC-DC Converter in DC Shipboard Microgrids

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Li, Zhan Chen, Junyu Li, Kerui Xu, Zhao Liu, Yonglu Wang, Minghao The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong The City University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Research Institute of Smart Energy Hong Kong Hong Kong Central South University School of Automation Changsha China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China University ofMacau Advanced Research Institute in Hengqin Zhuhai China

DC shipboard microgrids (SMGs) are a low-carbon and feasible solution to host various distributed energy resources (DERs) and shipboard loads. However, the intermittency of DERs and constant power load (CPL) characteristic of the shipboard loads will compromise the stability of DC SMGs. To accommodate DERs and address the stability issue in space-stringent DC SMGs simultaneously, a compound large-signal stabilization scheme is proposed in this paper to operate the interleaved multilevel boost DC-DC converter (IMBDC) in DC SMGs. It combines the high-order nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) technique and the offset-free model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. Specifically, the uncertain variations of CPLs and circuit parameters are modeled as disturbances. High-order NDOs are used to estimate these disturbances accurately within a finite time. Depending on the estimation and system model, the MPC will regulate the system states against large-signal disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional linear and nonlinear control schemes with better stability and dynamic performances. Both the real-time simulation and hardware experiment results are provided to further validate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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Sub-terahertz transmissive reconfigurable intelligent surface for integrated beam steering and self-OOK-modulation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 131-141页

作者： Dongfang Shen Feng Lan Luyang Wang Tianyang Song Munan Yang Tianyu Hu Yueting Li Xiaolei Nie Jiayao Yang Shixiong Liang Hongxin Zeng Hui-Fang Zhang Pinaki Mazumder Ziqiang Yang Yaxin Zhang Tie Jun Cui Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313000China Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai201204China School of Microelectronics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen518100China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Southeast University Nanjing210096China

Boasting superior flexibility in beam manipulation and a simpler framework than traditional phased arrays,terahertz metasurface-based phased arrays show great promise for 5G-A/6G communication *** with the reflective reconfigurable intelligent surface(reflective RIS),the transmissive RIS(TRIS)offers more feasibility for transceiver multiplexing systems to meet the growing demand for high-performance beam tracking in terahertz communication and radar ***,the terahertz TRIS encounters greater challenges in phase shift,beam efficiency,and complex ***,we propose a sub-terahertz TRIS based on the phase shift via Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)metasurface and self-on-off keying(OOK)modulation via Schottky *** electrically reconfigurable unit cell consists of a column-wise phase resonator and a rectangular *** experimental retrieved equivalent lumped-element circuit model is implemented in joint field-circuit simulations and is validated by experiments.A fabricated prototype demonstrates excellent performance of TRIS with the minimum insertion loss of 2.8 dB for operational states,large bandwidth nearly covering the entire W-band for 1-bit phase shift,deep OOK amplitude modulation of 12 dB,and wide scanning range of±60°with low specular *** further implement an integrated platform combining high-speed beam steering and spatial-light modulation,verifying the point-to-point signal transmissions in different directions using the TRIS *** proposed TRIS with high-performance and cost-effective fabrication makes it a promising solution to terahertz minimalist communication systems,radar,and satellite communication systems.

关键词： reconfigurable reflective resonator

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Receiver Architecture Design and Analysis for NOMA-Based Multi-User Communication Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Naser, Shimaa Muhaidat, Sami Ding, Zhiguo Khalifa University 6G Research Center Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates University of Manchester Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering United Kingdom Khalifa University Department of Computer and Information Engineering United Arab Emirates

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless network aims to deliver remarkable advancements in system throughput, energy efficiency, traffic capacity per area, spectral efficiency, and low latency. Achieving these goals requires a highly adaptable radio interface capable of efficiently managing limited frequency resources, necessitating the development of new multiple access techniques and waveforms. In large-bandwidth multi-user networks, intersymbol interference (ISI) and inter-user interference (IUI) pose significant design challenges. Time reversal (TR) has emerged as a promising waveform candidate for 6G, as it focuses signal energy in both the time and space domains within multipath environments. Meanwhile, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) offers high spectral efficiency and improved connectivity by serving multiple users over the same time-frequency-code resources. This paper explores the integration of NOMA and TR to address these challenges and proposes, for the first time in the literature, a novel receiver architecture for downlink NOMA-based TR communications, which does not require precoding at the transmitter. Specifically, power-domain NOMA is employed at the transmitter, and TR filtering is applied at each receiver. We derive novel approximated expressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP), a key element in determining the union bound on the bit error rate (BER), to assess user performance. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to validate these analytical expressions, providing critical insights into the error rate performance for each user. Additionally, we evaluate the performance gains of the proposed NOMA-based TR receiver over the orthogonal multiple access scheme, known as time-reversal multiple access (TRMA). Results show that our approach significantly outperforms TRMA in terms of BER, particularly in sparse multipath environments, with an average BER improvement of 73.5% to 98.31%. Furthermore, our findings reveal that at hig

关键词： Intersymbol interference

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A distributed algorithm with network-independent step-size and event-triggered mechanism for economic dispatch problem

A distributed algorithm with network-independent step-size a...

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作者： Chen, Baitong Yang, Jianhua Lu, Wei Pedrycz, Witold Sun, Changhai School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology SARTaipa 999078 China Research Center of Performance and Productivity Analysis Istinye University Istanbul Turkey School of Electrical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

The economic dispatch problem (EDP) poses a significant challenge in energy management for modern power systems, particularly as these systems undergo expansion. This growth escalates the demand for communication resources and increases the risk of communication failures. To address this challenge, we propose a distributed algorithm with network-independent step sizes and an event-triggered mechanism, which reduces communication requirements and enhances adaptability. Unlike traditional methods, our algorithm uses network-independent step sizes derived from each agent's local cost functions, thus eliminating the need for detailed network topology knowledge. The theoretical derivation identifies a range of step size values that depend solely on the objective function's strong convexity and the gradient's Lipschitz continuity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is shown to achieve a linear convergence rate, assuming the event triggering threshold criteria are met for linear convergence. Numerical experiments further validate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed distributed algorithm by demonstrating its ability to maintain good convergence characteristics while reducing communication frequency. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Cost functions

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Digital engineering Framework for Promoting Health and Human Performance with Immersive Technology

Digital Engineering Framework for Promoting Health and Human...

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Annual IEEE Systems Conference

作者： Gayathri Boopathy Emi Aoki Flore Norcéide Charles Thompson Erika Lewis Kavitha Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Advanced Computation and Telecommunications Department of Physical Therapy & Kinesiology UMass Movement Research Center University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331508180

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508197

The need for point-of-care health solutions and digital health interventions continues to increase, driven by an aging population and those displaced from the systemic impacts of environmental, infrastructural, and economic factors. These demographic and social shifts are placing unprecedented strain on the healthcare system. In response to these challenges, digital health solutions are emerging, although data indicates low confidence among both consumers and healthcare professionals due to a lack of regulatory oversight compared to traditional medical systems. This research explores the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in physical therapy and rehabilitation as a potential digital health intervention. The focus is on improving upper limb and hand mobility. This study employs a digital engineering design process in collaboration with physical therapists and clinical researchers. The goal is to utilize data from the AR sensors to capture quantitative information about a patient's therapeutic progress. The Digital engineering framework presented can be applied for improving the validation and verification of technology-based digital health interventions, with the potential to enhance access to rehabilitation resources. Use-case and requirement diagrams are developed through close collaboration with physical therapy clinicians, to assess user engagement and therapeutic outcomes. Activity diagrams capture successive stages of improvement in the proposed system. The performance of the AR application in tracking joint angles and measuring mobility during prescribed gestures is evaluated against published normative values, highlighting the potential of this technology to improve upon manual measurement methods.

关键词： Hands Point of care Medical treatment Collaboration Manuals Electronic healthcare Sensors Modeling Augmented reality Strain

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A New Heterogeneous Hybrid Massive MIMO Receiver With an Intrinsic Ability of Removing Phase Ambiguity of DOA Estimation via Machine Learning

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2025年 3卷 17-29页

作者： Shu, Feng Shi, Baihua Chen, Yiwen Bai, Jiatong Li, Yifan Liu, Tingting Han, Zhu You, Xiaohu Hainan University School of Information and Communication Engineering Haikou570228 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing210094 China Hainan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Technology Haikou570228 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210003 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna arrays eventuate a huge amount of circuit costs and computational complexity. To satisfy the needs of high precision and low cost in future green wireless communication, the conventional hybrid analog and digital MIMO receive structure emerges a natural choice. But it exists an issue of the phase ambiguity in direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and requires at least two time-slots to complete one-time DOA measurement with the first time-slot generating the set of candidate solutions and the second one to find a true direction by received beamforming over this set, which will lead to a low time-efficiency. To address this problem,a new heterogeneous sub-connected hybrid analog and digital ( H2 AD) MIMO structure is proposed with an intrinsic ability of removing phase ambiguity, and then a corresponding new framework is developed to implement a rapid high-precision DOA estimation using only single time-slot. The proposed framework consists of two steps: 1) form a set of candidate solutions using existing methods like MUSIC;2) find the class of the true solutions and compute the class mean. To infer the set of true solutions, we propose two new clustering methods: weight global minimum distance (WGMD) and weight local minimum distance (WLMD). Next, we also enhance two classic clustering methods: accelerating local weighted k-means (ALW-K-means) and improved density. Additionally, the corresponding closed-form expression of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed frameworks using the above four clustering can approach the CRLB in almost all signal to noise ratio (SNR) regions except for extremely low SNR (SNR © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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