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The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Bilic, Patrick Christ, Patrick Li, Hongwei Bran Vorontsov, Eugene Ben-Cohen, Avi Kaissis, Georgios Szeskin, Adi Jacobs, Colin Mamani, Gabriel Efrain Humpire Chartrand, Gabriel Lohöfer, Fabian Holch, Julian Walter Sommer, Wieland Hofmann, Felix Hostettler, Alexandre Lev-Cohain, Naama Drozdzal, Michal Amitai, Michal Marianne Vivanti, Refael Sosna, Jacob Ezhov, Ivan Sekuboyina, Anjany Navarro, Fernando Kofler, Florian Paetzold, Johannes C. Shit, Suprosanna Hu, Xiaobin Lipková, Jana Rempfler, Markus Piraud, Marie Kirschke, Jan Wiestler, Benedikt Zhang, Zhiheng Hülsemeyer, Christian Beetz, Marcel Ettlinger, Florian Antonelli, Michela Bae, Woong Bellver, Míriam Bi, Lei Chen, Hao Chlebus, Grzegorz Dam, Erik B. Dou, Qi Fu, Chi-Wing Georgescu, Bogdan Giró-I-Nieto, Xavier Gruen, Felix Han, Xu Heng, Pheng-Ann Hesser, Jürgen Moltz, Jan Hendrik Igel, Christian Isensee, Fabian Jäger, Paul Jia, Fucang Kaluva, Krishna Chaitanya Khened, Mahendra Kim, Ildoo Kim, Jae-Hun Kim, Sungwoong Kohl, Simon Konopczynski, Tomasz Kori, Avinash Krishnamurthi, Ganapathy Li, Fan Li, Hongchao Li, Junbo Li, Xiaomeng Lowengrub, John Ma, Jun Maier-Hein, Klaus Maninis, Kevis-Kokitsi Meine, Hans Merhof, Dorit Pai, Akshay Perslev, Mathias Petersen, Jens Pont-Tuset, Jordi Qi, Jin Qi, Xiaojuan Rippel, Oliver Roth, Karsten Sarasua, Ignacio Schenk, Andrea Shen, Zengming Torres, Jordi Wachinger, Christian Wang, Chunliang Weninger, Leon Wu, Jianrong Xu, Daguang Yang, Xiaoping Yu, Simon Chun-Ho Yuan, Yading Yue, Miao Zhang, Liping Cardoso, Jorge Bakas, Spyridon Braren, Rickmer Heinemann, Volker Pal, Christopher Tang, An Kadoury, Samuel Soler, Luc van Ginneken, Bram Greenspan, Hayit Joskowicz, Leo Menze, Bjoern Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal Canada Department of Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel-Aviv University Israel Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Philips Research China Philips China Innovation Campus Shanghai China School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King0s College London London United Kingdom Institute for AI in Medicine Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Computer Science Guangdong University of Foreign Studies China Institute for diagnostic and interventional radiology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University Medical School China Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School United States School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel University of Pennsylvania PA United States Pte. Ltd. Singapore Medical Imaging and Reconstruction Lab Department of Engineering Design Indian Institute of Technology Madras India Sensetime Shanghai China Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PA United States Co. Ltd China MontréalQC Canada Department of Radiology Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine University of Montréal

In this work, we report the set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS), which was organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2017 and the International Conferences on Medical Image Computing and computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017 and 2018. The image dataset is diverse and contains primary and secondary tumors with varied sizes and appearances with various lesion-to-background levels (hyper-/hypo-dense), created in collaboration with seven hospitals and research institutions. Seventy-five submitted liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms were trained on a set of 131 computed tomography (CT) volumes and were tested on 70 unseen test images acquired from different patients. We found that not a single algorithm performed best for both liver and liver tumors in the three events. The best liver segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.963, whereas, for tumor segmentation, the best algorithms achieved Dices scores of 0.674 (ISBI 2017), 0.702 (MICCAI 2017), and 0.739 (MICCAI 2018). Retrospectively, we performed additional analysis on liver tumor detection and revealed that not all top-performing segmentation algorithms worked well for tumor detection. The best liver tumor detection method achieved a lesion-wise recall of 0.458 (ISBI 2017), 0.515 (MICCAI 2017), and 0.554 (MICCAI 2018), indicating the need for further research. LiTS remains an active benchmark and resource for research, e.g., contributing the liver-related segmentation tasks in http://***/. In addition, both data and online evaluation are accessible via ***. © 2019, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Deep learning

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Application of LDPC codes on PUF error correction based on code-offset construction

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Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Applicat...

International Conference on ASIC

作者： Kai Sun Yingjie Lao Weiqiang Liu Xiaohu You Chuan Zhang National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA College of Electronic and Information Engineering NUAA Nanjing China

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles "Application of LDPC Codes on PUF Error Correction Based on Code-offset Construction" by Kai Sun, Yingjie Lao, Weiqiang Liu, Xiaohu You, and Chuan Zhang Proceedings of the IEEE 12th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON), October 2017, pp. 867-870 After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles. This paper copies original text from the papers cited below. The original text was copied with references to the original author(s) and/or paper titles, but did not delineate sufficiently to identify the reused material. The first author, Kai Sun, was solely responsible for the misconduct, which was done without the knowledge of the other authors "On Error Correction for Physical Unclonable Functions" by Sven Puchinger, Sven Muelich, Martin Bossert, Matthias Hiller, Georg Sigl in the Proceedings of the International ITG Conference on Systems, communications and Coding, February 2015 "A New Error Correction Scheme for Physical Unclonable Functions" by Sven Muelich, Martin Bossert in the Proceedings of the International ITG Conference on Systems, communications and Coding, February 2017 As a newly emerging technology, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have drawn a lot of attentions. For their cryptographic applications, error correction is an indispensable component to fight against environmental factors which influence PUFs' performance. Recently, BCH codes have been applied to the error correction part to enhance the stability of an cryptographic system using PUFs. In this paper, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are first used to correct errors caused by environmental factors and shown to perform better than BCH codes in some conditions. In addition, normalized minsum algorithm has been considered to balance the performance and complexity of LDPC decoding.

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Multidimensional correlation spectroscopic imaging of exponential decays: From theoretical principles to in vivo human applications

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Kim, Daeun Wisnowski, Jessica L. Nguyen, Christopher T. Haldar, Justin P. Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CA United States Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California CA United States Signal and Image Processing Institute University of Southern California CA United States Radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles CA United States Pediatrics Children's Hospital Los Angeles CA United States Harvard Medical School Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital MA United States Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital MA United States

Multiexponential modeling of relaxation or diffusion MR signal decays is a popular approach for estimating and spatially mapping different microstructural tissue compartments. While this approach can be quite powerful, it is also limited by the fact that one-dimensional multiexponential modeling is an ill-posed inverse problem with substantial ambiguities. In this paper, we present an overview of a recent multidimensional correlation spectroscopic imaging approach to this problem. This approach helps to alleviate ill-posedness by leveraging multidimensional contrast encoding (e.g., 2D diffusion-relaxation encoding or 2D relaxation-relaxation encoding) combined with a regularized spatial-spectral estimation procedure. Theoretical calculations, simulations, and experimental results are used to illustrate the benefits of this approach relative to classical methods. In addition, we demonstrate an initial proof-of-principle application of this kind of approach to in vivo human MRI experiments. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： signal encoding

Simple security proof of twin-field type quantum key distribution protocol

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Curty, Marcos Azuma, Koji Lo, Hoi-Kwong Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain NTT Basic Research Laboratories NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa243-0198 Japan NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa243-0198 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) was conjectured to beat the private capacity of a point-to-point QKD link by using single-photon interference in a central measuring station. This remarkable conjecture has recently triggered an intense research activity to prove its security. Here, we introduce a TF-type QKD protocol which is conceptually simpler than the original proposal. It relies on local phase randomization, instead of global phase randomization, which significantly simplifies its security analysis and is arguably less demanding experimentally. We demonstrate that the secure key rate of our protocol has a square-root improvement over the point-to-point private capacity, as conjectured by the original TF-QKD scheme. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

DC MUX PUF: A Highly Reliable Feed-Back MUX PUF Based on Measuring Duty Cycle

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DC MUX PUF: A Highly Reliable Feed-Back MUX PUF Based on Mea...

IEEE International Conference on ASIC

作者： Yunhao Xu Yingjie Lao Weiqiang Liu Xiaohu You Chuan Zhang National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing Uni. Aero. & Astro Nanjing China

Ring oscillator physical unclonable function (RO PUF) and multiplexer physical unclonable function (MUX PUF) are the two mostly used structures that make use of gate delay, but their reliability is not satisfactory enough. In this paper, a new structure, duty cycle multiplexer physical unclonable function (DC MUX PUF) is proposed to improve the reliability. A feed-back structure is added to original MUX PUF and decision method is also changed by measuring duty cycle. Then a simplified model is built to calculate the reliability of DC MUX PUF, a primary Monte Carlo simulation with this model is accomplished. The reliability of DC MUX PUF and the original MUX PUF are compared, and it is suggested that DC MUX PUF performs better than original MUX PUF considering noise variation. Then temperature variation is considered, and simulated by HSPICE. It is suggested that reliability of them are both above 95% when temperature varies. Uniqueness and randomness are all more than 90%. Then the complexity of two kinds of PUF are also taken into consideration. When challenge length becomes long, complexity of this design is relatively lower than original MUX PUF.

关键词： Physical unclonable function feed-back MUX PUF Monte Carlo model reliability

5G ENTERING INTO A NEW ERA

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China communications 2017年第12期14卷 I0002-I0004页

作者： Feifei Gao Changle Li Jun Fang Kaizhi Huang Zhi Quan Chengwen Xing Jianhua Zhang Zhongshan Zhang Liqiang Zhao Yulong Zou Department of Automation Tsinqhua UniversityBeiiingChina the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University china communications ieee communications magazine ieee signal processing letters national digital switching system engineering&technological research center the college of information engineering shenzhen university the school of information and electronics beijing institute of technology bupt itu-r imt-2020 channel model ieee comm the school of computer and communication engineering in the university of science and technology beijing(ustb) state key lab.of integrated ser vice networks xidian university the nanjing university of posts and telecommunications(nupt)

The ever increasing wireless data services, such asimaging, video, audio, multimedia, etc., have de-mands for the very high speed wireless communicationsand network, which are unfortunately a bottleneck whencombining with the wireline core network. Users＇ arenow expecting high quality of experience with low-costdevices, ubiquitous connectivity, energy efficiency, highreliability, or even ultra-low latency if a vehicle terminalis applied.

关键词： 5G ENTERING A NEW ERA

Foiling covert channels and malicious classical post-processing units in quantum key distribution

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Curty, Marcos Lo, Hoi-Kwong Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoM5S 3G4 Canada

Existing security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) suffer from two fundamental weaknesses. First, memory attacks have emerged as an important threat to the security of even device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD), whenever QKD devices are re-used. This type of attacks constitutes an example of covert channels, which have attracted a lot of attention in security research in conventional cryptographic and communication systems. Second, it is often implicitly assumed that the classical post-processing units of a QKD system are trusted. This is a rather strong assumption and is very hard to justify in practice. Here, we propose a simple solution to these two fundamental problems. Specifically, we show that by using verifiable secret sharing and multiple optical devices and classical post-processing units, one could re-establish the security of QKD. Our techniques are rather general and they apply to both DI-QKD and non-DI-QKD. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

Quantum key distribution with setting-choice-independently correlated light sources

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Mizutani, Akihiro Kato, Go Azuma, Koji Curty, Marcos Ikuta, Rikizo Yamamoto, Takashi Imoto, Nobuyuki Lo, Hoi-Kwong Tamaki, Kiyoshi Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka560-8531 Japan NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi-Shi Kanagawa243-0198 Japan NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa243-0198 Japan NTT Basic Research Laboratories NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi-Shi243-0198 Japan EI Telecomunicacion Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics and Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoM5S 3G4 Canada Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama Gofuku 3190 Toyama930-8555 Japan

Despite the enormous theoretical and experimental progress made so far in quantum key distribution (QKD), the security of most existing QKD implementations is not rigorously established yet. A critical obstacle is that almost all existing security proofs make ideal assumptions on the QKD devices. Problematically, such assumptions are hard to satisfy in the experiments, and therefore it is not obvious how to apply such security proofs to practical QKD systems. Fortunately, any imperfections and security-loopholes in the measurement devices can be perfectly closed by measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD), and thus we only need to consider how to secure the source devices. Among imperfections in the source devices, correlations between the sending pulses are one of the principal problems. In this paper, we consider a setting-choice-independent correlation (SCIC) framework in which the sending pulses can present arbitrary correlations but they are independent of the previous setting choices such as the bit, the basis and the intensity settings. Within the framework of SCIC, we consider the dominant uctuations of the sending states, such as the relative phases and the intensities, and provide a self-contained information theoretic security proof for the loss-tolerant QKD protocol in the finite-key regime. We demonstrate the feasibility of secure quantum communication within a reasonable number of pulses sent, and thus we are convinced that our work constitutes a crucial step toward guaranteeing implementation security of QKD. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

Characterizing multi-photon quantum interference with practical light sources and threshold single-photon detectors

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Navarrete, Álvaro Wang, Wenyuan Xu, Feihu Curty, Marcos EI Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada Hefei Anhui230026 China

The experimental characterization of multi-photon quantum interference effects in optical networks is essential in many applications of photonic quantum technologies, which include quantum computing and quantum communication as two prominent examples. However, such characterization often requires technologies which are beyond our current experimental capabilities, and today's methods suffer from errors due to the use of imperfect sources and photodetectors. In this paper, we introduce a simple experimental technique to characterise multi-photon quantum interference by means of practical laser sources and threshold single-photon detectors. Our technique is based on well-known methods in quantum cryptography which use decoy settings to tightly estimate the statistics provided by perfect devices. As an illustration of its practicality, we use this technique to obtain a tight estimation of both the generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel dip in a beamsplitter with six input photons, as well as the three-photon coincidence probability at the output of a tritter. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons