Simple analog functions such as mixing and editing often have complex implementations in the digital domain. Previous machines designed expressly for such tasks, such as the Lucasfilm ASP and Neve BBC machine, are hea...
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Simple analog functions such as mixing and editing often have complex implementations in the digital domain. Previous machines designed expressly for such tasks, such as the Lucasfilm ASP and Neve BBC machine, are heavily pipelined and complex machines with extremely fast cycle times. The author describes the hardware architecture of a MIMD (multi-instruction/multiple-data-stream) multiprocessor designed to handle the problems of high-quality digital audio mixing, synthesis, and editing.< >
The author presents a scheme and its polyphase FIR (finite-impulse-response) filter implementation for the demodulation of chrominance signal into in-phase and quadrature-phase components. The scheme applies to any sy...
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The author presents a scheme and its polyphase FIR (finite-impulse-response) filter implementation for the demodulation of chrominance signal into in-phase and quadrature-phase components. The scheme applies to any system whose sampling frequency is related to the color subcarrier frequency by a rational factor. The authors presents the criteria for choosing a sampling frequency for the digitization of a TV studio signal and addresses the issue of digital demodulation of the chrominance component in a composite video signal.< >
Recent advances in the development of detection schemes for myocardial ischemia which use frequency-domain parameters as detection statistics open up the possibility of using frequency-domain methods in the inverse pr...
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Recent advances in the development of detection schemes for myocardial ischemia which use frequency-domain parameters as detection statistics open up the possibility of using frequency-domain methods in the inverse problem of electrocardiography. The application of the minimum relative entropy (MRE) reconstruction principle to this problem is considered and its theoretical justification is given. The MRE method is compared to a standard time-domain least-squares method, constrained least squares (CLS). Initial results indicate that the MRE method promises to be able to overcome limitations of the time-domain least-squares methods which tend to make the latter difficult to apply in a clinical setting.< >
A primary concern in the early days of pulse shaping was the construction of an analog circuit to generate the optimal pulse shape, and this has been a limiting constraint. With the recent developments in the DSP hard...
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A primary concern in the early days of pulse shaping was the construction of an analog circuit to generate the optimal pulse shape, and this has been a limiting constraint. With the recent developments in the DSP hardware, however, it is possible to use almost any pulse shape for digital data transmission. This resulted in a search for design algorithms capable of constructing pulse shapes matching to the properties of a given channel. Such properties can be translated to certain constrained criteria in the design of pulse shapes. The projection onto convex sets technique is suitable for the solution of this problem particularly because of its flexibility in modeling a variety of constraints. The use of the technique for the optimal pulse design problem is demonstrated through a detailed example from power line communications.
Recent development in digital signalprocessing (DSP) hardware has made it possible to use almost any pulse shape for digital data transmission, resulting in a search for design algorithms capable of constructing puls...
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Recent development in digital signalprocessing (DSP) hardware has made it possible to use almost any pulse shape for digital data transmission, resulting in a search for design algorithms capable of constructing pulse shapes matching the properties of a given channel. The technique of projection onto convex sets is particularly suitable for the solution of this problem because of its flexibility in modeling a variety of constraints. The use of the technique for the optimal pulse design problem is demonstrated through by an example from power line communications.< >
The authors address the bearing estimation problem of sources from array data (snapshots) in the presence of Gaussian color (spatially correlated) noises of unknown autocorrelation matrix. They demonstrate that the ha...
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The authors address the bearing estimation problem of sources from array data (snapshots) in the presence of Gaussian color (spatially correlated) noises of unknown autocorrelation matrix. They demonstrate that the harmonic decomposition methods (signal and noise subspace) can easily be reformulated using fourth-order cumulant matrices instead of autocorrelations. Simulation results are presented and comparisons are made to show that the performance of the fourth-order cumulant-based methods (beamforming, MUSIC) is superior to that of their equivalent autocorrelation-based methods when the additive noise sources are colored Gaussian with unknown correlation matrix.< >
The authors consider the application of eigenvector techniques to the solution of interference problems. The conventional minimum-variance signal-to-noise-ratio criteria are extended to a case in which the eigenstruct...
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The authors consider the application of eigenvector techniques to the solution of interference problems. The conventional minimum-variance signal-to-noise-ratio criteria are extended to a case in which the eigenstructure of the array correlation matrix is used to cancel directional interference sources. It is shown that while the method has good interference cancellation properties, it results in higher pattern distortion than conventional arrays.< >
This paper introduces a new method of analysis for deltasigma modulators based on modeling the nonlinear quantizer with a linearized gain, obtained by minimizing a mean-square-error criterion [7], followed by an addit...
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This paper introduces a new method of analysis for deltasigma modulators based on modeling the nonlinear quantizer with a linearized gain, obtained by minimizing a mean-square-error criterion [7], followed by an additive noise source representing distortion components. In the paper, input signal amplitude dependencies of delta-sigma modulator stability and signal-to-noise ratio are analyzed. It is shown that due to the nonlinearity of the quantizer, the signal-to-noise ratio of the modulator may decrease as the input amplitude increases prior to saturation. Also, a stable third-order delta-sigma modulator may become unstable by increasing the input amplitude beyond a certain threshold. Both of these phenomena are explained by the nonlinear analysis of this paper. The analysis is carried out for both dc and sinusoidal excitations.
A fixed-point roundoff error analysis of the exponentially windowed RLS algorithm is presented. It is shown that a tradeoff exists in the choice of the forgetting factor λ. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the a...
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A fixed-point roundoff error analysis of the exponentially windowed RLS algorithm is presented. It is shown that a tradeoff exists in the choice of the forgetting factor λ. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to additive noise, λ must be chosen close to one. On the other hand, the roundoff error increases as \lambda \rightarrow 1 . It is shown that the algorithm is stabilized with λ < 1. The algorithm may diverge for \lambda \rightarrow 1 . To derive the theoretical results, it is assumed that the input signal is a white Gaussian random process. Finally, simulations are presented which confirm the theoretical findings of the paper.
Distribution line carrier (DLC) is a communication system used in automated distribution systems to transmit data between the substation and certain locations on the distribution primary and secondary. Extensive DLC p...
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Distribution line carrier (DLC) is a communication system used in automated distribution systems to transmit data between the substation and certain locations on the distribution primary and secondary. Extensive DLC propagation measurements have shown that the propagation of signals on a power distribution line is difficult to predict because of the complexity and variability of distribution systems. This paper presents an efficient and comprehensive analytical tool for predicting DLC signal propagation over complex distribution systems. This paper develops a three-phase bus impedance matrix, which consists of 3×3 transfer impedance submatrices. These submatrices represent the general transfer function which relates the three-phase received voltage vector at any point of interest to any three-phase transmitted (injected) current vector at any point of interest. The method described here is an extension of the three-phase bus impedance approach used for 60 Hz power distribution.
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