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Undetected Error Probability in the Short Blocklength Regime: Approaching Finite-Blocklength Bounds with Polar Codes

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Sauter, Alexander Kislal, A. Oguz Durisi, Giuseppe Liva, Gianluigi Matuz, Balázs Ström, Erik G. The Institute for Communications Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Arcisstrasse 21 MunichD-80333 Germany The German Aerospace Center Münchener Strasse 20 WesslingD-82234 Germany German Aerospace Center Münchener Strasse 20 WesslingD-82234 Germany The Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41296 Sweden The Huawei Munich Research Center Munich80992 Germany

We analyze the trade-off between the undetected error probability (i.e., the probability that the channel decoder outputs an erroneous message without detecting the error) and the total error probability in the short blocklength regime. We address the problem by developing two new finite blocklength achievability bounds, which we use to benchmark the performance of two coding schemes based on polar codes with outer cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes—also referred to as CRC-aided (CA) polar codes. The first bound is obtained by considering an outer detection code, whereas the second bound relies on a threshold test applied to the generalized information density. Similarly, in the first CA polar code scheme, we reserve a fraction of the outer CRC parity bits for error detection, whereas in the second scheme, we apply a threshold test (specifically, Forney’s optimal rule) to the output of the successive cancellation list decoder. Numerical simulations performed on the binary-input AWGN channel reveal that, in the short-blocklength regime, the threshold-based approach is superior to the CRC-based approach, both in terms of bounds and performance of CA polar code schemes. We also consider the case of decoding with noisy channel-state information, which leads to a mismatched decoding setting. Our results illustrate that, differently from the previous case, in this scenario, the CRC-based approach outperforms the threshold-based approach, which is more sensitive to the mismatch. © 1972-2012 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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CellPilot: A Unified Approach to Automatic and Interactive Segmentation in Histopathology

CellPilot: A Unified Approach to Automatic and Interactive S...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Philipp Endres Valentin Koch Julia A. Schnabel Carsten Marr School of Computation and Information Technology Technical University of Munich Germany Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health Germany School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London UK

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

Histopathology, the microscopic study of diseased tissue, is increasingly digitized, enabling improved visualization and streamlined workflows. An important task in histopathology is the segmentation of cells and glands, essential for determining shape and frequencies that can serve as indicators of disease. Deep learning tools are widely used in histopathology. However, variability in tissue appearance and cell morphology presents challenges for achieving reliable segmentation, often requiring manual correction to improve accuracy. This work introduces CellPilot, a framework that bridges the gap between automatic and interactive segmentation by providing initial automatic segmentation as well as guided interactive refinement. Our model was trained on over 675,000 masks of nine diverse cell and gland segmentation datasets, spanning 16 organs. CellPilot demonstrates superior performance compared to other interactive tools on three held-out histopathological datasets while enabling automatic segmentation. We make the model and a graphical user interface designed to assist practitioners in creating large-scale annotated datasets available as open-source, fostering the development of more robust and generalized diagnostic models. 1 1 https://***/philippendres/CellPilot

关键词： Training Image segmentation Visualization Histopathology Shape computational modeling Glands Reliability Diseases Biomedical imaging

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A Domain Adversarial Learning Framework for Major Depression Disorder Diagnosis

A Domain Adversarial Learning Framework for Major Depression...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Shaozhe Liu Leike An Ziyu Jia Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation Anhui University Hefei China China Mobile Information Technology Center Beijing China Brainnetome Center Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

The prompt recognition and timely intervention for depression are vital for attaining the most favorable therapeutic results. Notwithstanding its widespread occurrence, depression continues to be poorly understood within both clinical and research frameworks. Recent progress in deep learning methodologies, especially with the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), has significantly improved the diagnostic capabilities for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, CNNs and RNNs are limited in extracting essential brain spatial-temporal data during the classification process of MDD. Moreover, cross-subject variability poses an additional challenge in MDD classification. The proposed Domain Adversarial Learning Framework for Major Depression Disorder Diagnosis (MDD-DAL) overcomes the limitations of CNNs and RNNs by incorporating a spatial-temporal transformer architecture that can extract crucial brain spatial-temporal features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Additionally, domain adversarial learning techniques enhance the model’s generalizability across variations in EEG data from different subjects. The model is validated using an MDD diagnosis dataset, achieving outstanding classification performance that showcases its advanced diagnostic capability. Our code is publicly accessible at: https://***/shaozheliu/MDD-DAL.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks Signal processing Depression Brain modeling Transformers Feature extraction Adversarial machine learning Electroencephalography Physiology Speech processing

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A Two-Stage Solution to Quantum Process Tomography: Error Analysis and Optimal Design

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第3期71卷 1803-1823页

作者： Xiao, Shuixin Wang, Yuanlong Zhang, Jun Dong, Daoyi Mooney, Gary J. Petersen, Ian R. Yonezawa, Hidehiro University of New South Wales School of Engineering and Technology CanberraACT2600 Australia University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Australian National University School of Engineering CanberraACT2601 Australia Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing100190 China The Australian National University CIICADA Laboratory School of Engineering CanberraACT2601 Australia The University of Melbourne School of Physics ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing Saitama351-0198 Japan Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Australian Research Council CanberraACT2600 Australia

Quantum process tomography is a critical task for characterizing the dynamics of quantum systems and achieving precise quantum control. In this paper, we propose a two-stage solution for both trace-preserving and non-trace-preserving quantum process tomography. Utilizing a tensor structure, our algorithm exhibits a computational complexity of O(MLd2) where d is the dimension of the quantum system and M, L(M≥ d2, L≥ d2) represent the numbers of different input states and measurement operators, respectively. We establish an analytical error upper bound and then design the optimal input states and the optimal measurement operators, which are both based on minimizing the error upper bound and maximizing the robustness characterized by the condition number. Numerical examples and testing on IBM quantum devices are presented to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of our algorithm. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Error analysis

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Realization of zero skyrmion Hall angle by elongating skyrmions

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Physical Review B 2025年第13期111卷 134426-134426页

作者： Zhaohua Liu Shuang Li Qiyuan Zhu Xingqiang Shi Ruining Wang Jianglong Wang Hu Zhang Penglai Gong Ruqian Lian Chendong Jin Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline for Computational Physics Hebei Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 People's Republic of China

Magnetic skyrmions are considered to be potential information carriers in racetrack memory. However, the skyrmion Hall effect limits the maximum speed of skyrmions along the current direction, which hampers their further application. Here, we investigate the fundamental properties of an elongated skyrmion induced by an anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Spin-orbit torque-driven dynamics of the elongated skyrmion under various conditions, including anisotropic DMI, Gilbert damping, and current, are also performed by a combination of micromagnetic simulations and solutions of the Thiele equation. It is found that elongated skyrmions can realize a zero skyrmion Hall angle, and the gradient of Gilbert damping is an effective method to significantly control the skyrmion Hall angle. It should be noted that the rotational symmetry breaking of the elongated skyrmions results in lower thermal stability than the circular skyrmions. Our results offer the possibility of zero skyrmion Hall angle motion, which may help guide the potential application of elongated skyrmions in racetrack memory.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Real-time Optical Polarization Measurement and Characterization of Submersible Windows’ Stress under Full-Ocean-Depth Hydrostatic Pressure

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Bu, Xingying Xu, Ying Liao, Ran Zhang, Hailong Ma, Hui Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine IntelliSensing and Computation Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya572000 China

Real-time monitoring the window’s stress is crucial for assessing the status and safety of submersibles working in deep sea, in which the effective measurement and characterization are desired. This work reports a measurement system to monitor submersible windows’ stress under full-ocean-depth hydrostatic pressure. A measurement setup is designed for online collecting the Mueller matrix images of 9 scaled windows on which are exerted the hydrostatic pressure maximal to 120 MPa. Subsequently, a series of characterization parameters are extracted through the analysis of polarization and texture features. The images of polarization parameters can clearly show the phenomena such as the accumulation, redistribution, and release of window’s internal stress. And some characterization parameters can steadily characterize the stress in windows during the pressurization, depressurization and creep. Further, it is found that some characterization parameters show a bit of differences among the windows, while some are sensitive to deformation but some are sensitive to stress. The scheme of this measurement system provides a way to effectively monitor the internal stress of the windows, which helps to ensure the safety of the submersibles. © 1963-2012 IEEE All rights reserved.

关键词： Windows Sea measurements Underwater vehicles Stress measurement Pressure measurement Feature extraction Real-time systems Monitoring Internal stresses Imaging

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Meson thermalization with a hot medium in the open Schwinger model

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 1-30页

作者： Angelides, Takis Guo, Yibin Jansen, Karl Kühn, Stefan Magnifico, Giuseppe Institut für Physik Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 Berlin 12489 Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Platanenallee 6 Zeuthen 15738 Germany Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute 20 Kavafi Street Nicosia 2121 Cyprus Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Bari Bari I-70126 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Bari Bari I-70125 Italy

Quantum field theories treated as open quantum systems provide a crucial framework for studying realistic experimental scenarios, such as quarkonia traversing the quark-gluon plasma produced at the Large Hadron Collider. In such cases, capturing the complex thermalization process requires a detailed understanding of how particles evolve and interact with a hot medium. Considering the open lattice Schwinger model and using tensor network algorithms, we investigate the thermalization dynamics of mesonic particles in a hot medium, such as the Schwinger boson or the electric flux string. We simulate systems with up to 100 lattice sites, achieving accurate preservation of the electric field parity symmetry, demonstrating the algorithm’s robustness and scalability. Our results reveal that the thermalization time increases with stronger dissipation from the environment, increasing environment temperature, higher background electric field and heavier fermion masses. Further, we study the quantum mutual information between the two halves of the flux string connecting a meson’s constituent particles and analyze its relation to relevant dynamical observables. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Algorithms and Theoretical Developments Lattice Quantum Field Theory Other Lattice Field Theories Quantum Dissipative Systems

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Identification Under the Semantic Effective Secrecy Constraint

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ibrahim, Abdalla Rosenberger, Johannes Bash, Boulat A. Deppe, Christian Ferrara, Roberto Pereg, Uzi Technical University of Munich Germany TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Department of Computer Engineering Germany Electrical and Computer Engineerin Department University of Arizona United States Institute for Communications Technology Technische Universität Braunschwei Germany Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Technion Israel Institute of Technology The Technion Hellen Diller Quantum Center Haifa3200003 Israel

The problem of identification over a discrete memoryless wiretap channel is examined under the criterion of semantic effective secrecy. This secrecy criterion guarantees both the requirement of semantic secrecy and of stealthy communication. Additionally, we introduce the related problem of combining approximation-of-output statistics and transmission. We derive a capacity theorem for approximation-of-output statistics transmission codes. For a general model, we present lower and upper bounds on the capacity, showing that these bounds are tight for more capable wiretap channels. We also provide illustrative examples for more capable wiretap channels, along with examples of wiretap channel classes where a gap exists between the lower and upper bounds. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Latent semantic analysis

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Transductive Few-shot Learning via Joint Message Passing and Prototype-based Soft-label Propagation

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2025年第4期21卷

作者： Wang, Jiahui Xu, Qin Jiang, Bo Luo, Bin The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China The Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei China

The transductive Few-shot Learning (FSL) mostly employs either prototype learning or label propagation methods to generalize to new classes by using the information of all query samples. However, existing methods have several main limitations. First, the prototype methods mainly focus on support samples which fail to fully exploit the relationships of query samples. Second, existing label propagation methods are generally not effective for the class-imbalanced problem. Third, existing works usually optimize the learnable parameters during inference which significantly reduces the efficiency of existing methods. To address these limitations, this article proposes an efficient and robust method for transductive FSL problem, termed Prototype-based Soft-label Propagation (PSLP), which combines the prototype learning and label propagation together for FSL problem. In our proposed method, first, the soft-label presentation for each query sample is estimated by leveraging prototypes. Then, the soft-label propagation is conducted on the learned query-support graph and the prototype representation is rectified. Both steps are conducted progressively for boosting the performance. Moreover, to learn effective prototypes for soft-label estimation and the desirable query-support graph for soft-label propagation, we design a new joint message passing scheme to learn the sample presentation and relational graph jointly. The PSLP method is parameter-free and can be implemented very efficiently. The experiments conducted on four popular benchmarks show that our method achieves competitive results on both balanced and imbalanced settings compared to the state-of-the-art methods. The code is released at https://***/mobulan/PSLP. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Few-shot learning Transductive learning Message passing Label propagation

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All-dry pick-up and transfer method for quantum emitter arrays in hexagonal boron nitride

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Mishuk, Mohammad N. Hazra, Mouli Kumar, Anand Dannberg, Peter Çakan, Aslı Vogl, Tobias Department of Computer Engineering TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Munich80799 Germany Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena07745 Germany Jena07745 Germany

Single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride are based on fluorescent point-like defects. These defects typically have exceptional photophysical properties and therefore been the focus of extensive research due to their potential to advance photonic quantum technologies. However, achieving scalable integration of these emitters to arbitrary platforms with high yield while retaining their characteristics remains a significant challenge, particularly when the target substrate is not compatible with the fabrication method. In this work, we introduce an all-dry transfer method aimed at addressing these challenges with improved effectiveness compared to existing techniques. This polymer stamp-assisted transfer method maintains high output and preserves the fundamental characteristics of the emitters while eliminating wet chemical processes. A comprehensive post-transfer characterization verified not only the maintenance of the defining characteristic of a single photon emitter, the second-order correlation function g(2)(0), but also showed improvement by about 46%. In contrast, the lifetime, emission spectrum, and the photostability showed only negligible change, demonstrating that the characteristics of the emitters were retained during the transfer process. This transfer technique has success rate of 81.8%, determined by the proportion of single photon emitters that retain their optical and preserve physical structure post-transfer. This high success rate shows the potential to scale the integration of single photon emitters across diverse platforms. We expect that this process contributes to the applications of boron nitride defects in quantum technologies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle beams

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