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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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The gravity collective: A search for the electromagnetic counterpart to the neutron star-black hole merger GW190814

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Kilpatrick, Charles D. Coulter, David A. Arcavi, Iair Brink, Thomas G. Dimitriadis, Georgios Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Howell, D. Andrew Jones, David O. Makler, Martin Piro, Anthony L. Rojas-Bravo, César Sand, David J. Swift, Jonathan J. Tucker, Douglas Zheng, Weikang Allam, Sahar S. Annis, James T. Antilen, Juanita Bachmann, Tristan G. Bloom, Joshua S. Bom, Clecio R. Bostroem, K. Azalee Brout, Dillon Burke, Jamison Butler, Robert E. Butner, Melissa Campillay, Abdo Clever, Karoli E. Conselice, Christopher J. Cooke, Jeff Dage, Kristen C. de Carvalho, Reinaldo R. Jaeger, Thomas D.E. Desai, Shantanu Garcia, Alyssa Garcia-Bellido, Juan Gill, Mandeep S.S. Girish, Nachiket Hallakoun, Na'Ama Herner, Kenneth Hiramatsu, Daichi Holz, Daniel E. Huber, Grace Kawash, Adam M. McCully, Curtis Medallon, Sophia A. Metzger, Brian D. Modak, Shaunak Morgan, Robert Muñoz, Ricardo R. Muñoz-Elgueta, Nahir Murakami, Yukei S. Olivares, Felipe E. Palmese, Antonella Patra, Kishore Pereira, Maria E.S. Pessi, Thallis L. Pineda-Garcia, J. Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Rembold, Sandro Barboza Rest, Armin Rodríguez, Ósmar Santana-Silva, Luidhy Sherman, Nora F. Siebert, Matthew R. Smith, Carli Smith, J. Allyn Soares-Santos, Marcelle Stacey, Holland Stahl, Benjamin E. Strader, Jay Strasburger, Erika Sunseri, James Tinyanont, Samaporn Tucker, Brad E. Ulloa, Natalie Valenti, Stefano Vasylyev, Sergiy Wiesner, Matthew P. Zhang, Keto D. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States The School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Dr Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States International Center for Advanced Studies & Instituto de Ciencias Físicas ECyT-UNSAM & CONICET Buenos Aires1650 Argentina Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 Rio de Janeiro RJCEP 22290-180 Brazil The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Thacher Observatory Thacher School 5025 Thacher Rd. OjaiCA93023 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Camino El Observatorio 1515 Las Condes Santiago Chile Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 50B-4206 BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodovia Mário Covas lote J2 quadra J Itaguaí RJCEP 23810-000 Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Astronomy Indiana University 727 E. Third St. BloomingtonIN47405 United States Dep

We present optical follow-up imaging obtained with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Nickel Telescope, Swope Telescope, and Thacher Telescope of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave (GW) signal from the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger GW190814. We searched the GW190814 localization region (19 deg2 for the 90th percentile best localization), covering a total of 51 deg2 and 94.6% of the two-dimensional localization region. Analyzing the properties of 189 transients that we consider as candidate counterparts to the NSBH merger, including their localizations, discovery times from merger, optical spectra, likely host-galaxy redshifts, and photometric evolution, we conclude that none of these objects are likely to be associated with GW190814. Based on this finding, we consider the likely optical properties of an electromagnetic counterpart to GW190814, including possible kilonovae and short gamma-ray burst afterglows. Using the joint limits from our follow-up imaging, we conclude that a counterpart with an rband decline rate of 0.68 mag day−1, similar to the kilonova AT 2017gfo, could peak at an absolute magnitude of at most −17.8 mag (50% confidence). Our data are not constraining for "red" kilonovae and rule out "blue" kilonovae with M > 0.5 M* (30% confidence). We strongly rule out all known types of short gamma-ray burst afterglows with viewing angles ◦ assuming an initial jet opening angle of ∼ 5.2◦ and explosion energies and circumburst densities similar to afterglows explored in the literature. Finally, we explore the possibility that GW190814 merged in the disk of an active galactic nucleus, of which we find four in the localization region, but we do not find any candidate counterparts among these sources. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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COSMOS2020: A panchromatic view of the universe to z ∼ 10 from two complementary catalogs

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Weaver, John R. Kauffmann, O.B. Ilbert, O. McCracken, H.J. Moneti, A. Toft, S. Brammer, G. Shuntov, M. Davidzon, I. Hsieh, B.C. Laigle, C. Anastasiou, A. Jespersen, C.K. Vinther, J. Capak, P. Casey, C.M. McPartland, C.J.R. Milvang-Jensen, B. Mobasher, B. Sanders, D.B. Zalesky, L. Arnouts, S. Aussel, H. Dunlop, J.S. Faisst, A. Franx, M. Furtak, L.J. Fynbo, J.P.U. Gould, K.M.L. Greve, T.R. Gwyn, S. Kartaltepe, J.S. Kashino, D. Koekemoer, A.M. Kokorev, V. Le Fèvre, O. Lilly, S. Masters, D. Magdis, G. Mehta, V. Peng, Y. Riechers, D.A. Salvato, M. Sawicki, M. Scarlata, C. Scoville, N. Shirley, R. Sneppen, A. Smolčić, V. Steinhardt, C. Stern, D. Tanaka, M. Taniguchi, Y. Teplitz, H.I. Vaccari, M. Wang, W.-H. Zamorani, G. Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 128 Copenhagen2200 Denmark Aix Marseille Univ CNRS LAM Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille Marseille France Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 7095 CNRS Sorbonne Université 98 bis boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Institute of Astrophysics & Astronomy Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan The University of Texas at Austin 2515 Speedway Blvd Stop C1400 AustinTX78712 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Riverside 900 University Avenue RiversideCA92521 United States AIM UMR 7158 CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Institute for Astronomy University of Edinburgh Royal Observatory EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Infrared Processing and Analysis Center California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd PasadenaCA91125 United States Leiden Observatory Leiden University P.O.Box 9513 LeidenNL-2300 AA Netherlands DTU-Space Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej 327 Kgs. LyngbyDK2800 Denmark Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Place LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics National Research Council of Canada 5071 West Saanich Rd. VictoriaBCV9E 2E7 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Institute of Technology 84 Lomb Memorial Drive RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Physics ETH Zürich Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 Zurich8093 Switzerland Institute for Advanced Research Nagoya University Furocho Chikusa Aichi Nagoya464-8602 Japan Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr. BaltimoreMD21218 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive PasadenaCA91109 United States Institute for Astronomy Astrophysics Space Applications and Remo

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) has become a cornerstone of extragalactic astronomy. Since the last public catalog in 2015, a wealth of new imaging and spectroscopic data has been collected in the COSMOS field. This paper describes the collection, processing, and analysis of this new imaging data to produce a new reference photometric redshift catalog. Source detection and multi-wavelength photometry is performed for 1.7 million sources across the 2 deg2 of the COSMOS field, ∼966 000 of which are measured with all available broad-band data using both traditional aperture photometric methods and a new profile-fitting photometric extraction tool, The Farmer, which we have developed. A detailed comparison of the two resulting photometric catalogs is presented. Photometric redshifts are computed for all sources in each catalog utilizing two independent photometric redshift codes. Finally, a comparison is made between the performance of the photometric methodologies and of the redshift codes to demonstrate an exceptional degree of self-consistency in the resulting photometric redshifts. The i © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Photometry

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A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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Nature 2023年第7977期621卷 E7-E26页

作者： Masahiro Kanai Christine Stevens Benjamin M. Neale Mark Daly Andrea Ganna Amy Trankiem Mary K. Balaconis Samuli Ripatti Lindo Nkambul Mark J. Daly Sam Bryant Matthew Solomonson Shea J. Andrews Mattia Cordioli Juha Karjalainen Juha Mehtonen Matti Pirinen Andrea Corbetta Bradley Jermy Kati Donner Katja Kivinen Aarno Palotie Mari Kaunisto Kumar Veerapen Konrad J. Karczewski Alicia R. Martin Elizabeth G. Atkinson Kristin Tsuo Nikolas Baya Rahul Gupta Raymond K. Walters Duncan S. Palmer Gopal Sarma Nathan Cheng Wenhan Lu Claire Churchhouse Jacqueline I. Goldstein Daniel King Wei Zhou Cotton Seed Hilary Finucane F. Kyle Satterstrom Gita A. Pathak Akiko Iwasaki Karolina Chwialkowska Karolina Chwiałkowska Brooke N. Wolford Hajar Fauzan Ahmad Shea Andrews Kathrin Aprile von Hohenstaufen Puoti Palwende R. Boua Guillaume Butler-Laporte Celia M. T. Greenwood Bartha M. Knoppers Mark Lathrop Carmen L. Cadilla Francesca Colombo Nicole Dueker Chloe Kirk Atanu Kumar Dutta Yasser M. El-Sherbiny Jehan J. El-Jawhari Doaa Shahin Ahmed Elzeiny Tamer A. Mansour Madonna M. Eltoukhy Attia A. S. Mohamed Sahar Esmaeeli Annika Faucon Israel Fernández Cadenas Israel Fernandez-Cadenas Laia Llucià-Carol Natalia Cullell Elena Muiño Jara Cárcel-Márquez Margherita Francescatto Laurent Francioli Lindokuhle Nkambule Jatin Arora Soumya Raychaudhuri Caroline Cusick Lude Franke Macarena Fuentes Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo David Gómez Cabrero Emi N. Harry Philip Jansen József L. Szentpéteri Réka Várnai Elżbieta Kaja Athanasios Kousathanas Dorote Pasko Mark J. Caulfield Alex Stuckey Christopher A. Odhams Susan Walker Daniel Rhodes Richard H. Scott Loukas Moutsianas Afshan Siddiq Peter Goddard Sally Donovan Tala Zainy Fiona Maleady-Crowe Linda Todd Shahla Salehi Greg Elgar Georgia Chan Prabhu Arumugam Christine Patch Augusto Rendon Tom A. Fowler Jose E. Krieger Sanjay K. Patel Audrey Lemaçon Sophie Limou Pietro Lió Eirini Marouli Charles Hinds Minttu M. Marttila Carolina Medina-Gómez Isabelle Migeotte Soumyajit Mondal Andrés Moreno-Estrada Leire Moya Tomok Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Analytic & Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research & Program in Medical and Population Genetics Cambridge UK Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Univerisity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT USA Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven CT USA Yale University New Haven CT USA Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Malaysia Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Genolier Innovation Network and Hub Swiss Medical Network Genolier Healthcare Campus Genolier Switzerland Immediate Independent Multidisciplinary Med & Biotech Research Association Milan Italy Clinical Research Unit of Nanor

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Advances in understanding high-mass X-ray binaries with INTEGRAL and Future Directions

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kretschmar, Peter Fürst, Felix Sidoli, Lara Bozzo, Enrico Alfonso-Garzón, Julia Bodaghee, Arash Chaty, Sylvain Chernyakova, Masha Ferrigno, Carlo Manousakis, Antonios Negueruela, Ignacio Postnov, Konstantin Paizis, Adamantia Reig, Pablo Rodes-Roca, José Joaquín Tsygankov, Sergey Bird, Antony J. né Kühnel, Matthias Bissinger Blay, Pere Caballero, Isabel Coe, Malcolm J. Domingo, Albert Doroshenko, Victor Ducci, Lorenzo Falanga, Maurizio Grebenev, Sergei A. Grinberg, Victoria Hemphill, Paul Kreykenbohm, Ingo née Fritz, Sonja Kreykenbohm Li, Jian Lutovinov, Alexander A. Martínez-Núñez, Silvia Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel Masetti, Nicola McBride, Vanessa A. Neronov, Andrii Pottschmidt, Katja Rodriguez, Jérôme Romano, Patrizia Rothschild, Richard E. Santangelo, Andrea Sguera, Vito Staubert, Rüdiger Tomsick, John A. Torrejón, José Miguel Torres, Diego F. Walter, Roland Wilms, Jörn Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Zhang, Shu E-28692 Spain E-28692 Spain INAF - IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Via A. Corti 12 MilanoI-20133 Italy Department of Astronomy ISDC University of Geneva Chemin d'Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland E-28692 Spain Department of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy Georgia College and State University MilledgevilleGA31061 United States AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université de Paris Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75006 France School of Physical Sciences and CfAR Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Department of Applied Physics & Astronomy University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Physics University of Alicante AlicanteE-03080 Spain Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University Moscow119234 Russia Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia Institute of Astrophysics Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Heraklion Crete71110 Greece University of Crete Physics Department Institute of Theoretical & Computational Physics Heraklion Crete70013 Greece Department of Physics Systems Engineering and Signal Theory University of Alicante AlicanteE-03690 Spain University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies University of Alicante AlicanteE-03690 Spain Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Space Research Institute The Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya Str. 84/32 Moscow117997 Russia School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Erwin-Rommel-Strae 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU C/Pintor Sorolla 21 Valencia46002 Spain E-28692 Spain Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Universität Tübingen Sand 1 Tübingen

High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Milky Way, as well as in nearby Galaxies. Thanks to their highly variable emissions and complex phenomenology, they have attracted the interest of the high energy astrophysical community since the dawn of X-ray Astronomy. In more recent years, they have challenged our comprehension of physical processes in many more energy bands, ranging from the infrared to very high energies. In this review, we provide a broad but concise summary of the physical processes dominating the emission from high mass X-ray binaries across virtually the whole electromagnetic spectrum. These comprise the interaction of stellar winds with the high gravitational and magnetic fields of compact objects, the behaviour of matter under extreme magnetic and gravity conditions, and the perturbation of the massive star evolutionary processes by presence in a binary system. We highlight the role of the INTEGRAL mission in the discovery of many of the most interesting objects in the high mass X-ray binary class and its contribution in reviving the interest for these sources over the past two decades. We show how the INTEGRAL discoveries have not only contributed to significantly increase the number of high mass X-ray binaries known, thus advancing our understanding of the population as a whole, but also have opened new windows of investigation that stimulated the multi-wavelength approach nowadays common in most astrophysical research fields. We conclude the review by providing an overview of future facilities being planned from the X-ray to the very high energy domain that will hopefully help us in finding an answer to the many questions left open after more than 18 years of INTEGRAL scientific observations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Radiation-coupled front-tracking simulations for laser-driven shock experiments

Radiation-coupled front-tracking simulations for laser-drive...

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作者： Zhang, Yongmin Drake, R. Paul Glimm, James Grove, John W. Sharp, David H. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics University at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11974-3600 United States University of Michigan 2455 Hayward St. Ann Arbor MI 48105 United States Center for Data Intensive Computing Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11793-6000 United States Continuum Dynamics Group Computer and Computational Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 United States Complex Systems Group Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 United States

The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical algorithm to track the preheat interface motion driven by radiation transfer in high-intensity laser experiments. Our front-tracking algorithm is coupled to a radiation process through an inter-package coupling by connecting the output from a radhydro code HYADES to the input of FronTier code of front tracking. Our coupled algorithm is validated by comparing simulation results from both codes in both low and high radiation cases. Significant interface motion and deformation of the harmonic perturbation due to radiation preheat are observed in high radiation heat case. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Algorithms

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