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arXiv 2025年

作者： Satti, Abdul Baseer Saunderson, James Griggs, Wynita Ali, S.M. Nawazish Al Khafaf, Nameer Ahmadi, Saman Jalili, Mahdi Mareček, Jakub Shorten, Robert Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Australia Artificial Intelligence Center Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington London United Kingdom

Urban traffic congestion, exacerbated by inefficient parking management and cruising for parking, significantly hampers mobility and sustainability in smart cities. Drivers often face delays searching for parking spaces, influenced by factors such as accessibility, cost, distance, and available services such as charging facilities in the case of electric vehicles. These inefficiencies contribute to increased urban congestion, fuel consumption, and environmental impact. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a feedback control incentivisation-based system that aims to better distribute vehicles between city and suburban parking facilities offering park-and-charge/ride services. Individual driver behaviours are captured via discrete choice models incorporating factors of importance to parking location choice among drivers, such as distance to work, public transport connectivity, charging infrastructure availability, and amount of incentive offered;and are regulated through principles of ergodic control theory. The proposed framework is applied to an electric vehicle park-and-charge/-ride problem, and demonstrates how predictable long-term behaviour of the system can be guaranteed. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback control

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Source-likelihood Mapping Using POMDP in Autonomous Hydrothermal Vent Prospecting 32nd

Source-likelihood Mapping Using POMDP in Autonomous Hydrothe...

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32nd International Ocean and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2022

作者： Li, Jinlong Pang, Shuo Jiu, Haifeng Jiang, Yin Marine Design & Research Institute of China Shanghai China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University FL United States Department of Mechanics Harbin University of Commerce Harbin China China Eastern Technology Application Research and Development Center Co. LTD Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653814

Chemical signals contained in hydrothermal fluid provide the clues to infer the location of hydrothermal vent by autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). A partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is introduced to model the searching area and observation behavior in non-buoyant plume height. A POMDP-based belief state estimation method is introduced to maintain source-likelihood mapping. A real-time simulation platform is built to verify the source-likelihood mapping approach which provides a novel solution to effectively infer the vent location. The influences of memory length of flow sensor information on mapping is studied, and the length is not recommended to be very long. © 2022 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Mapping

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Legato: Virtual Reality for Physical Rehabilitation of Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Legato: Virtual Reality for Physical Rehabilitation of Patie...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Sangjun Eom Wenyi Xu Liheng Zou Ashley Frith Ernesto Escobar Gabriel Streisfeld Anna Mall Bradi Granger Maria Gorlatova Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Game Design Development and Innovation Duke University School of Literature Media and Communication Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Physical Therapy Duke University Duke Heart Center Duke University Hospital School of Nursing Duke University

ISBN: (数字)9798331514846

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525637

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) undergoing prolonged bed rest are at high risk of physical, cognitive, and psychological impairments due to immobility. While early mobilization protocols are critical for rehabilitation, the implementation is hindered by patients’ restricted mobility and the complex ICU environment. To address these challenges, we present Legato, an immersive virtual reality (VR) game designed to enhance mobility activities for ICU patients. Legato offers a calming, customizable environment with thematic styles and music tracks, while providing real-time progress tracking and adaptive difficulty levels tailored to patients’ hand movements. To evaluate its feasibility, we deployed Legato on Meta Quest 3 and conducted a pilot study with an ICU patient at Duke University hospital, demonstrating promising potential for improving rehabilitation outcomes.

关键词： Protocols Three-dimensional displays Tracking Hospitals Psychology Games Immersive experience Real-time systems Safety Monitoring

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Intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton integrated with soft bioelectronics and deep learning for intention-driven augmentation

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 856-868页

作者： Jinwoo Lee Kangkyu Kwon Ira Soltis Jared Matthews Yoon Jae Lee Hojoong Kim Lissette Romero Nathan Zavanelli Youngjin Kwon Shinjae Kwon Jimin Lee Yewon Na Sung Hoon Lee Ki Jun Yu Minoru Shinohara Frank L.Hammond Woon-Hong Yeo Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Industrial Design Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Institute for Materials Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent MachinesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The age and stroke-associated decline in musculoskeletal strength degrades the ability to perform daily human tasks using the upper ***,we introduce an intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton system that utilizes deep learning to predict human intention for strength *** embedded soft wearable sensors provide sensory feedback by collecting real-time muscle activities,which are simultaneously computed to determine the user’s intended *** deep learning predicts four upper-limb joint motions with an average accuracy of 96.2%at a 500–550 ms response rate,suggesting that the exoskeleton operates just by human *** addition,an array of soft pneumatics assists the intended movements by providing 897 newtons of force while generating a displacement of 87mm at *** intent-driven exoskeleton can reduce human muscle activities by 3.7 times on average compared to the unassisted exoskeleton.

关键词： skeleton learning utilize

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Secure and Green Rate-Splitting Multiple Access Integrated Sensing and Communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Xudong Yao, Rugui Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A. China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan430064 China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian710072 China Department of Informatics Telecommunications University of Thessaly Lamia35100 Greece Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo315100 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Western Macedonia Kozani50100 Greece

In this paper, we investigate the sensing, communication, security, and energy efficiency of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)-enabled cognitive radio networks (CRNs) in a challenging scenario where communication quality, security, and sensing accuracy are affected by interference and eavesdropping. Specifically, we analyze the communication and sensing signals of ISAC as well as the communication signal consisting of common and private streams, based on rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) of multicast network. Then, the sensing signal-to-cluster-plus-noise ratio, the security rate, the communication rate, and the security energy efficiency (SEE) are derived, respectively. To simultaneously enhance the aforementioned performance metrics, we formulate a targeted optimization framework that aims to maximizing SEE by jointly optimizing the transmit signal beamforming (BF) vectors and the echo signal BF vector to construct green interference using the echo signal, as well as common and private streams split by RSMA to refine security rate and suppress power consumption, i.e., achieving a higher SEE. Given the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, we present an alternative approach that leverages Taylor series expansion, majorization-minimization, semi-definite programming, and successive convex approximation techniques. Specifically, we decompose the original non-convex and intractable optimization problem into three simplified sub-optimization problems, which are iteratively solved using an alternating optimization strategy. Simulations provide comparisons with state-of-the-art schemes, highlighting the superiority of the proposed joint multi-BF optimization scheme based on RSMA and constructed green interference in improving system performances. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Fairness vs. Equality: RSMA-Based Multi-Target and Multi-User Integrated Sensing and Communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Xudong Yao, Rugui Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A. Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan430064 China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Western Macedonia Kozani50100 Greece Department of Informatics Telecommunications University of Thessaly Lamia35100 Greece Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo315100 China

Equality lies in undifferentiated allocation, disregarding target disparities or contextual needs, while fairness centers on differentiated compensation, explicitly addressing systemic disadvantages faced by marginalized targets. Existing works on multi-objective sensing optimization in ISAC systems have predominantly emphasized equality, but fairness concerns remain inadequately addressed. This paper investigates the tradeoff between sensing and communication in an integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system comprising multiple sensing targets and communication users. A dual-functional base station conducts downlink data transmission services based on rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) for multiple users, while sensing surrounding multiple targets. To enable effective multicast communications and ensure fair and balanced multi-target sensing and under a constrained power budget, we propose a multi-target sensing enhancement scheme incorporating fairness-aware beamforming (BF), common rate splitting, and sensing power allocation. The proposed scheme minimizes the sensing Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), while maximizing communication rate demands. Specifically, we derive closed-form expressions for both sensing CRB and communication rates. Building upon them, we formulate an optimization problem aiming to minimize the sensing CRB, while maximizing the communication rates. Considering the non-convex nature of the original optimization problem poses significant computational challenges, we transform the tradeoff optimization into a Pareto-optimal problem by employing Taylor series expansion, semi-definite relaxation, successive convex approximation, and penalty function to transform the non-convex problem and associated constraints into tractable forms. Extensive simulations validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate significant advantages of the proposed RSMA-based fairness-aware BF over non-orthogonal multiple access, space division multiple access, and ort

关键词： Taylor series

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Cyber Twin Technology for AI-Driven Real-Time Software Security in IoT Ecosystems

Cyber Twin Technology for AI-Driven Real-Time Software Secur...

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Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Krishna Chaitanya Sunkara Gulshan Dhasmana Ravi K S Nayana Yadav M Ishan Desai Rajmani Shankar Oracle Cloud Engineering Data Center Design & Modeling AL/ML Expert North Carolina USA Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun India Department of Mechanical Engineering Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Mysuru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology Mangalore India Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Parul institute of Engineering and Technology Parul University Gujarat India Faculty of Law Symbiosis Law School Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India

ISBN: (数字)9798331528348

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528355

As Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems grow more complex, ensuring real-time security has become a major challenge. Traditional security approaches are insufficient for handling dynamic and interconnected IoT networks, which are increasingly targeted by sophisticated cyber-attacks. To address these issues, new methodologies that combine real-time monitoring and adaptive security mechanisms are needed. Cyber Twin technology, an innovative extension of digital twin technology, presents a promising solution by creating AI-driven digital replicas of IoT devices and software systems for continuous security monitoring and management. This paper introduces a Cyber Twin Technology Framework for AI-driven real-time software security in IoT ecosystems. The framework employs advanced AI models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for anomaly detection and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for synthetic data generation to simulate potential attack scenarios. A dynamic reinforcement learning module is integrated to optimize threat response strategies based on evolving threat patterns. By creating real-time digital replicas of IoT components, the Cyber Twin framework continuously monitors device behaviors, identifies anomalies, and autonomously initiates mitigation actions. The system is evaluated in a simulated IoT environment with over 500 interconnected devices. Experimental results demonstrate that the Cyber Twin framework achieved a 99.2% detection accuracy in identifying cyber threats, with a false positive rate of 1.3%. The dynamic response module reduced incident response time by 35% compared to traditional methods, enhancing the system's ability to neutralize potential threats in real-time. The use of GAN-based synthetic data also enabled proactive defense strategies, reducing attack success rates by 40% during testing. The Cyber Twin Technology Framework provides a robust solution for real-time software security in complex IoT ecosystems. By leveraging A

关键词： Accuracy Ecosystems Software systems Real-time systems Threat assessment Internet of Things Security Time factors Monitoring Synthetic data

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Multi-Path Transmission of Real-Time Remote Sensing Data via Heterogeneous LEO Inter-Satellite-Links

Multi-Path Transmission of Real-Time Remote Sensing Data via...

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IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)

作者： Binquan Guo Zehui Xiong Dusit Niyato Shiwen Mao Zhu Han Schocl of Telecommunication Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC) Tianjin P. R. China Pillar of ISTD Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350363999

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364002

Real-time transmission of remote sensing data is critical for many applications. The rapid enhancement in sensing capabilities has posed challenges in sending large volumes of collected information to users on the ground in a timely manner. Deployed with inter-satellite links (ISLs), low-earth-orbit mega-constellations can facilitate the relay of remote sensing data to ground stations. However, due to scarce spectrum resources, increasing data throughput remains a challenge. Towards this, we explore multi-path transmission of real-time remote sensing data via heterogeneous ISLs, with the aim of maximizing data transmission throughput. We formulate the problem of multi-path transmission via heterogeneous ISLs as a linear program-ming problem, and find that its complexity is exacerbated when dealing with large-scale satellite networks. Therefore, we present an alternative approach using graph theory, transforming the problem into a classical maximum flow problem. This approach ensures optimal resolution of the original problem within polynomial time. Simulations conducted on the Gaofen and Starlink constellation demonstrate the performance benefits of our approach regarding both time complexity and throughput.

关键词： Satellites Low earth orbit satellites Throughput Routing Real-time systems Polynomials Transceivers Sensors Data communication Remote sensing

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Resource savings from fault-tolerant circuit design

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tan, Andrew K. Chuang, Isaac L. Department of Physics Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Using fault-tolerant constructions, computations performed with unreliable components can simulate their noiseless counterparts though the introduction of a modest amount of redundancy. Given the modest overhead required to achieve fault-tolerance, and the fact that increasing the reliability of basic components often comes at a cost, are there situations where fault-tolerance may be more economical? We present a general framework to account for this overhead cost in order to effectively compare fault-tolerant to non-fault-tolerant approaches for computation, in the limit of small logical error rates. Using this detailed accounting, we determine explicit boundaries at which fault-tolerant designs become more efficient than designs that achieve comparable reliability through direct consumption of resources. We find that the fault-tolerant construction is always preferred in the limit of high reliability in cases where the resources required to construct a basic unit grows faster than log(1/ϵ) asymptotically for small ϵ. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Towards Atomic Defect-Aware Physical design of Silicon Dangling Bond Logic on the H -Si $(100)-2\times 1$ Surface

Towards Atomic Defect-Aware Physical Design of Silicon Dangl...

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design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Marcel Walter Jeremiah Croshaw Samuel Sze Hang Ng Konrad Walus Robert Wolkow Robert Wille Chair for Design Automation Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Quantum Silicon Inc. Edmonton Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH Austria

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

Recent advancements in Silicon Dangling Bond (SiDB) fabrication have transitioned from manual to automated processes. However, sub-nanometer substrate defects remain a significant challenge, thus preventing the fabrication of functional logic. Current design automation techniques lack defect-aware strategies. This paper introduces an idea for a surface defect model based on experimentally verified defects, which can be applied to enhance the robustness of established gate libraries. Additionally, a prototypical automatic placement and routing algorithm is presented, utilizing STM data from physical experiments to obtain dot- accurate circuitry resilient to atomic surface defects. Initial evaluations on surfaces with varying defect rates demonstrate their critical impact, suggesting that fabrication processes must achieve defect rates of around 0.1 % to further advance this circuit technology.

关键词： Fabrication Logic gates Routing Silicon Robustness Libraries Integrated circuit modeling

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