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Proceedings of the 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

作者： Christopher Flöter Sergej Geringer Guido Reina Daniel Weiskopf Timo Ropinski Visual Computing Group Ulm University Ulm Germany Visualization Research Center University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

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RESULTS FROM THE 1ST WORLDWIDE WEB USER SURVEY

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 1994年第2期27卷 243-254页

作者： PITKOW, J RECKER, M Graphics Visualization & Usability Center College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0280 USA

The explosion of World-Wide Web (WWW) across the Internet is staggering, both in terms of number of users and the amount of activity. However, to date, no reliable characterization exists of WWW users. In this paper, we report results from a survey that was posted on the Web for a month, in January of 1994. There were several goals motivating our survey. First, we wished to demonstrate a proof of concept for WWW technologies as a useful survey medium. Second, we wanted to beta-test the design and content of surveys dealing with the Web. Third, as mentioned, we hoped to begin to describe the range of Web users. In one month, we had over 4,700 respondents to our survey. Their responses helped us to begin to characterize WWW users, their reasons for using the WWW, and their opinions of WWW tools and technologies.

关键词： STATISTICS SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHICS TOOLS ADMINISTRATION

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TOWARDS AN INTELLIGENT PUBLISHING ENVIRONMENT

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 1995年第6期27卷 729-737页

作者： PITKOW, JE JONES, RK Graphics Visualization and Usability Center College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0280 USA

This paper presents an environment for publishing information on the World-Wide Web (WWW). Previous work has pointed out that the explosive growth of the WWW is in part due to the ease with which information can be made available to Web users [23]. Yet this property can have negative impacts on the ability to find appropriate information as well as on the integrity of the information published. We present a prototype environment that facilitates the publishing of documents on the Web by automatically generating meta-information about the document, communicating this to a local scalable architecture, e.g. WHOIS + +, verifying the document's HTML compliance, maintaining referential integrity within the local database, and placing the document in a Web accessible area. Additionally, maintenance and versioning facilities are provided. This paper first discusses an idealized publishing environment, then describes our implementation, followed by a discussion of salient issues and future research areas.

关键词： INTERNET TOOLS ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING HYPERLINK DATABASES

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VISUALIZING THE WORLD-WIDE-WEB WITH THE NAVIGATIONAL-VIEW-BUILDER

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 1995年第6期27卷 1075-1087页

作者： MUKHERJEA, S FOLEY, JD Graphics Visualization and Usability Center College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0280 USA

Overview diagrams are one of the best tools for orientation and navigation in hypermedia systems. However, constructing effective overview diagrams is a challenging task. This paper describes the Navigational View Builder, a tool which allows the user to interactively create useful visualizations of the information space. It uses four strategies to form effective views. These are binding, clustering, filtering and hierarchization. These strategies use a combination of structural and content analysis of the underlying space for forming the visualizations. This paper discusses these strategies and shows how they can be applied for forming visualizations for the World-Wide Web.

关键词： INFORMATION visualization OVERVIEW DIAGRAMS BINDING CLUSTERING FILTERING HIERARCHIZATION

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ES-GP: An Ensemble Surrogate-Assisted Genetic Programming Approach to Image Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2025年

作者： Fan, Qinglan Zhang, Yunfeng Yao, Xunxiang Bi, Ying Xue, Bing Zhang, Mengjie Shandong University of Finance and Economics School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Shandong Key Laboratory of Lightweight Intelligent Computing and Visualization for Digital Economy Jinan 250014 China Zhengzhou University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou 450001 China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment Luoyang 471000 China Victoria University of Wellington Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence School of Engineering and Computer Science Wellington 6140 New Zealand

Genetic Programming (GP) is a promising evolutionary machine learning technique for image classification, known for its ability to evolve flexible, effective, and interpretable models. However, the high computational cost of fitness evaluations in evolutionary learning restricts its practical applications. While Surrogate models offer efficient approximations for costly fitness evaluations, their application in GP-based image classification remains in its early stages, facing challenges such as handing flexible tree-based representations with variable lengths, designing an effective surrogate, and the limited performance of a single surrogate across various image classification tasks. To address these issues, this paper proposes an ensemble surrogate-assisted GP approach to image classification. The new approach constructs one global surrogate model to explore broad areas and three local surrogate models within specific subspaces to exploit local regions, enabling more accurate predictions of GP individuals' fitness. Moreover, a dynamic weighting strategy is developed to assign different weights to the base surrogate models in the ensemble, improving prediction accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach refines the surrogate training set1 construction method, previously limited to single-tree GP, enabling it to accelerate both single-tree and multi-tree GP 2 for image classification. Experimental results on five datasets of varying difficulty demonstrate that the new ensemble surrogate method significantly reduces the number of expensive fitness evaluations of both single-tree and multi-tree GP-based image classification methods while achieving competitive performance. The comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods also confirm its effectiveness. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Ensemble Fitness Evaluations Genetic Programming Image Classification Surrogate Models

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Asymptotically efficient parameter estimation for ordinary differential equations

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第11期60卷 2263-2286页

作者： PANG TianXiao YAN PeiSi ZHOU Harrison H. School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang University Center for Computing and Visualization Brown University Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University

Parameter estimation for ordinary differential equations arises in many fields of science and engineering. To be the best of our knowledge, traditional methods are often either computationally intensive or inaccurate for statistical inference. Ramsay et al.(2007) proposed a generalized profiling procedure. It is easily implementable and has been demonstrated to have encouraging numerical performance. However, little is known about statistical properties of this procedure. In this paper, we provide a theoretical justification of the generalized profiling procedure. Under some regularity conditions, the procedure is shown to be consistent for a broad range of tuning parameters. When the tuning parameters are sufficiently large, the procedure can be further shown to be asymptotically normal and efficient.

关键词： asymptotic efficiency consistency generalized profiling procedure ordinary differential equations splines

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A methodology for the evaluation of travel techniques for immersive virtual environments

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Virtual Reality 1998年第2期3卷 120-131页

作者： Bowman, D.A. Koller, D. Hodges, L.F. College of Computing Graphics Visualization and Usability Center Atlanta GA United States College of Computing Graphics Visualization and Usability Center Atlanta CA 30332-0280 801 Atlantic Drive United States

We present a framework for the analysis and evaluation of travel, or viewpoint motion control, techniques for use in immersive virtual environments (VEs). In previous work, we presented a taxonomy of travel techniques and a set of experiments mapping parts of the taxonomy to various performance metrics. Since these initial experiments, we have expanded the framework to allow evaluation of not only the effects of different travel techniques, but also the effects of many outside factors simultaneously. Combining this expanded framework with the measurement of multiple response variables epitomises the philosophy of testbed evaluation. This experimental philosophy leads to a deeper understanding of the interaction and the technique(s) in question, as well as to broadly generalisable results. We also present an example experiment within this expanded framework, which evaluates the user's ability to gather information while travelling through a virtual environment. Results indicate that, of the variables tested, the complexity of the environment is by far the most important factor. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.

关键词： Evaluation information gathering Interaction techniques Virtual environments

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Surrogate model for gravitational wave signals from comparable and large-mass-ratio black hole binaries

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Physical Review D 2020年第8期101卷 081502(R)-081502(R)页

作者： Nur E. M. Rifat Scott E. Field Gaurav Khanna Vijay Varma Department of Physics and Center for Scientific Computing and Visualization Research University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Massachusetts 02747 USA Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computing and Visualization Research University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Massachusetts 02747 USA Theoretical Astrophysics California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA

Gravitational wave signals from compact astrophysical sources such as those observed by LIGO and Virgo require a high-accuracy, theory-based waveform model for the analysis of the recorded signal. Current inspiral-merger-ringdown models are calibrated only up to moderate mass ratios, thereby limiting their applicability to signals from high-mass-ratio binary systems. We present EMRISur1dq1e4, a reduced-order surrogate model for gravitational waveforms of 13 500 M in duration and including several harmonic modes for nonspinning black hole binary systems with mass ratios varying from 3 to 10000, thus vastly expanding the parameter range beyond the current models. This surrogate model is trained on waveform data generated by point-particle black hole perturbation theory (ppBHPT) both for large-mass-ratio and comparable mass-ratio binaries. We observe that the gravitational waveforms generated through a simple application of ppBHPT to the comparable mass-ratio cases agree surprisingly well with those from full numerical relativity after a rescaling of the ppBHPT’s total mass parameter. This observation and the EMRISur1dq1e4 surrogate model will enable data analysis studies in the high-mass-ratio regime, including potential intermediate-mass-ratio signals from LIGO/Virgo and extreme-mass-ratio events of interest to the future space-based observatory LISA.

关键词： Classical black holes General relativity equations & solutions Gravitational wave sources

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USING THE WEB AS A SURVEY TOOL - RESULTS FROM THE 2ND WWW USER SURVEY

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 1995年第6期27卷 809-822页

作者： PITKOW, JE RECKER, MM Graphics Visualization & Usability Center College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0280 USA College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0280 USA

This paper presents the initial results from the second World-Wide Web User Survey, which was advertised and made available to the Web user population for 38 days during October and November 1994. The survey is built on our architecture and Web technologies, which together offer a number of technical and surveying advantages. In particular, our architecture supports the use of adaptive questions, and supports methods for tracking users' responses across different surveys, allowing more in-depth analyses of survey responses. The present survey was composed of three question categories: general demographic questions, browsing usage, and questions for Web information authors. In addition, we added an additional, experimental category addressing users' attitudes toward commercial use of the Web and the Internet. In just over one month, we received over 18 000 total responses to the combined surveys. To the best of our knowledge, the number of respondents and range of questions make this survey the most reliable and comprehensive characterization of WWW users to date. It will be interesting to see if and how the user trends shown in our results change as the Web gains in global access and popularity.

关键词： NEW APPLICATIONS SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHICS TOOLS

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ICEbox: Toward easy-to-use home networking

ICEbox: Toward easy-to-use home networking

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11th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 2007

作者： Jeonghwa, Yang Edwards, W. Keith Graphics Visualization and Usability Center College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9783540747994

Home networking is becoming an essential part of everyday life. However, empirical studies and consumer reports indicate that the complexities of configuring and maintaining the home network impose a high barrier for most householders. In this paper, we explore the sources of the complexity of the home network, and describe a solution we have built to address this complexity. We have developed a prototype network appliance that acts as a centralized point of control for the home network, providing device provisioning and reprovisioning, security, discovery, and monitoring. Our solution provides a simple physical UI for network control, using pointing to introduce new devices onto the network, and a physical lock to secure network access. Results of our user studies indicate that users found this appliance both useful and usable as a network configuration and management tool. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2007.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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