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ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS WITH UNIFORM AND NORMAL ERRORS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第1期105卷 66-69页

作者： SNOW, JM STUCKMAN, BE USHER, JS Jeffrey M. Snow:received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1977. He has worked at Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Since 1985 he has been at Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWCC). From 1987 to 1990 he was in charge of quality assurance configuration management and reliability for Aegis (SPY-1 and Mk-99) microwave tubes. He currently is in the Radar System Branch at NSWCC. He is a member of ASQC and ASME. His areas of interest include the use of statistics in process improvement efforts and objectively rating and rewarding suppliers for better quality. Bruce E. Stuckman:holds a Ph.D. degree in systems engineering from Oakland University where he also obtained M.S. and B.S. degrees in electrical and computer engineering. In 1992 Dr. Stuckman obtained his J.D. from the University of Louisville where he graduated cum laude. He is currently an associate in the patent and computer law department of Brooks & Kushman a law firm specializing in intellectual property and technology related causes. Prior to this he was an associate professor of both electrical engineering at the University of Louisville and a member of the Research Advisory Board of the South Central Bell Telecommunications Research Center. Dr. Stuckman is the author of over 75 published works in a variety of research areas including global optimization algorithms control systems communication and telecommunication systems and instrumentation electronics. He has served as a technical consultant to such organizations as Control Data Corporation General Electric General Motors Research Laboratories Gulf & Western AT&T Bell Laboratories ARCO Research and Technical Services and the U.S. Government and has been a frequent lecturer at national and international symposia. He is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ASNE Eta Kappa Nu Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi and Phi Kappa Phi. John S. Usher Ph.D. P.E.:is an assistant professor of industrial engineering

Accuracy requirements are usually determined as a percentage of the specification range of the measured part or process. Setting accuracy requirements in this manner results in a wide and unpredictable range of false rejection and acceptance probabilities. This causes extra costs due to either: 1) over specification of measurement systems accuracy requirements;2) time, effort, retesting, and resolution of false rejections;or 3) system degradation caused by false acceptance of out-of-specification parts. Achieving a consistent and known risk of false acceptance is only possible by considering the measured process C(pk), the process's mean in relation to the center of the specification range, and the measurement system error distribution. This paper presents a method for calculating the probabilities of false rejection and false acceptance for a normal process which is measured with, alternately, uniform and normally distributed error. It is shown that under most conditions uniform error causes 20% to 30% higher false rejection and acceptance probabilities. Thus, knowledge of measurement error distribution could provide lower total production cost.

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Backstepping Design of Robust controllers for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第13期25卷 431-436页

作者： R.A. Freeman P.V. Kokotović Centre for Control Engineering and Computation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

We present a backstepping procedure for designing non-dynamic feedback compensators for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. We assume knowledge of nonlinear growth bounds on the system uncertainties, and we require that these bounds satisfy a strict feedback condition (a condition much less restrictive than the matching condition). We develop two design procedures, one for systems whose uncertainties vanish at an equilibrium point (in which case we achieve global uniform asymptotic stability) and one for systems with more general types of uncertainties (in which case we achieve global uniform ultimate boundedness).

关键词： backstepping robust control nonlinear systems mismatched uncertainties global boundedness

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Field 24 amended in b/hAnalysis of mismatch sensitivity in a simulataneously latched CMOS sense amplifier

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 1992年第5期39卷 277-292页

作者： R. Sarpeshkar J.L. Wyatt N.C. Lu P.D. Gerber Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Computation and Neural Systems California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA IBM Research Division IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center USA IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA

A new formula for the sensitivity of a vertically matched CMOS sense amplifier, of the type used in DRAMs, to threshold voltage mismatch, parasitic capacitance mismatch, transconductance mismatch, and bitline load capacitance mismatch is derived. The mathematical methods used in the derivation of the formula are described in detail. The formula yields insight on the DRAM sensing operation. The perturbation approach used is novel and rigorous and yields an explicit closed-form solution. The formula agrees well with simulations. It is inherently slightly conservative and thus appropriate for use in design.< >

关键词： MOS devices Threshold voltage Parasitic capacitance Transconductance Differential amplifiers Random access memory Closed-form solution Signal restoration Fabrication Optimal control

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Broadcast with partial knowledge 91

Broadcast with partial knowledge

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10th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, PODC 1991

作者： Awerbuch, Baruch Cidon, Israel Kutten, Shay Mansour, Yishay Peleg, David Dept. of Mathematics and Lab. for Computer Science M.I.T CambridgeMA02139 United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center P.O. Box 704 Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technion Haifa32000 Israel Aiken Computation Laboratory Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute Rehovot76100 Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0897914392

This work concerns the problem of broadcasting a large message efficiently when each processor has partial prior knowledge about the contents of the broadcast message. The partial information held by the processors might be out of date or otherwise erroneous, and consequently, different processors may hold conflicting information. Tight bounds are established for broadcast under such conditions, and applications of the broadcast protocol to other distributed computing problems are discussed. © 1991 ACM.

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An explicit model-matching approach to lateral-axis autopilot design

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IEEE control Systems Magazine 1990年第4期10卷 22-28页

作者： K.D. Minto J.H. Chow J.W. Beseler GECorporate Research and Development Center Schenectady Control Systems Laboratory NY USA Electrical Systems and Computer Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

The application of a linear multivariable control law design methodology to an autopilot design for large transport aircraft is described. The design method is an explicit model-matching approach, whereby compensator parameters are tuned via a least-squares optimization approach to minimize the error between the desired and the actual closed-loop frequency responses. This method incorporates some recent theoretical advances, including controller parameterization and plant factorization, and has been implemented within the ISICLE software package, a MATLAB-based control design toolbox. A desirable feature of the ISICLE design software is the capability to constrain the compensator dynamic order and structure, issues motivated by the necessity for low complexity implementations in order to simplify gain scheduling and limit protection.< >

关键词： Mathematical model Design methodology Aircraft Aerospace control Design optimization Frequency Software packages computer languages control design Software design

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Evolving a neural network

Evolving a neural network

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent control (ISIC)

作者： K.J. Hintz J.J. Spofford Center of Excellence in Command Control Communications and Intelligence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Information Technology George Mason University Fairfax VA USA

Although artificial neural networks have been shown to be effective in the computation of solutions to difficult problems a general theory has not yet been developed to provide guidance in their design and implementation. Genetic algorithms have also been shown to be effective in evolving solutions to optimization problems which involve objective functions that are not 'nice'. The approach presented here is the utilization of genetic algorithms to evolve the number of neurons in an artificial neural network, the weights of their interconnects, and the interconnect structure itself. With this approach, no a priori assumptions about interconnect structure, weights, number of layers. or to which neurons the inputs or outputs are connected need to be made. A combined neural network evaluation and genetic algorithm evaluation program has been written in C on a Sun workstation. The method has been successfully applied to the 9*9 bit character recognition problem.< >

关键词： Neural networks Artificial neural networks Neurons computer networks Evolution (biology) Communication system control Artificial intelligence Intelligent control Intelligent networks Information technology

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Petri net analysis of a transfer-line protocol

Petri net analysis of a transfer-line protocol

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International Conference on computer Integrated Manufacturing

作者： B.H. Krogh W.L. Genter Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Process Control and Manufacturing Technology Division Alcoa Technical Center Alcoa Center PA USA

Petri nets are applied to the bottom-up design of a handshaking protocol for transferring parts through a sequence of workstations. The authors illustrate the application of Petri-net theory to verify properties of the complete system behavior based on the structure of the Petri-net model. It is shown that communication between local controllers is modeled by places corresponding to upstream and downstream messages. Consistency in the interconnection of the subsystem models is guaranteed by the identification of these communication places. To analyze the properties of the complete system, results on liveness and place invariants for Petri nets are applied to the Petri-net model.< >

关键词： Protocols Workstations Petri nets Power system modeling Communication system control Algorithm design and analysis computer aided manufacturing Virtual manufacturing computational modeling System performance

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An expert system prototype for secure operation guidelines for electric power system line-overloads

An expert system prototype for secure operation guidelines f...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent control (ISIC)

作者： S.J. Ranade M. Uraguchi P. Tan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA Department of Water and Power Energy Control Center Los Angeles CA USA

The development of a prototype expert system for developing strategic operating guidelines and for advising electric power system operators of control action required to ensure security with respect to line overloads is described. The heuristics of the problem map into an object-oriented architecture wherein the properties of the objects define security constraints. These properties are defined/updated through power-flow analysis. The reasoning involved in security assessment and the determination of control action is modeled by rules. The key point is that expert systems used in security analysis must necessarily be flexible and able to reorganize knowledge bases as system structure changes. Security assessment and control aspects of power-system operation are explored, and an overview of the expert-system structure is provided. The operation and use of the system are discussed, and the need for and possibility of making the system even more autonomous are considered.< >

关键词： Expert systems Prototypes Guidelines Power system security Power system modeling control systems Real time systems Power system analysis computing Power system control Power systems

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Simultaneous H2/H∞ optimal control with state feedback

Simultaneous H2/H∞ optimal control with state feedback

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： Mario A. Rotea Pramod P. Khargonekar Center for Control Sciences and Dynamical Systems University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

In this paper we consider a mixed H 2 /H ∞ -optimal control problem. It is assumed that the plant as well as the feedback controller are finite-dimensional and linear time-invariant, and that the plants state is available for feedback. More specifically, among all the state-feedback controllers that minimize the H 2 -norm of a closed loop transfer matrix, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a controller that also satisfies a prescribed H ∞ -norm bound on some other closed loop transfer matrix. When these conditions are satisfied, the solution to the above problem is also a global solution to the constrained optimization problem of minimizing an H 2 -norm performance measure subject to an H ∞ -norm constraint. We also give state-space formulae for computing the solutions. An example is given in which all solutions to the constrained optimization problem are necessarily dynamic, i.e, there is no static gain solution even though plant state is available for feedback. A conclusion of this work is that a priori assumptions on the structure of the solutions to mixed H 2 /H ∞ problems could turn out to be conserative.

关键词： Optimal control Hydrogen State feedback Sufficient conditions Performance evaluation Gain measurement Tellurium Performance gain Ice Robustness

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Trends in shop floor control: modularity, hierarchy, and decentralization

Trends in shop floor control: modularity, hierarchy, and dec...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent control (ISIC)

作者： T.L. Johnson A.D. Baker Control Systems Laboratory GE Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA Department Electrical & Computer Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

computational architectures for shop floor control in automated job shops and midvolume manufacturing facilities are evolving into three identifiable forms, which are contrasted here. The first architecture, termed the modular approach, is based on earlier monolithic MRP/order-release systems and is typified by recent CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) product offerings such as GEs CIMPLICITY. The second architecture is a hierarchical architecture, such as NIST's AMRF (National Institute of Standards and Technology's Automated Manufacturing Research Facility) system. The third architecture is a contract net architecture which is fully decentralized and may be a candidate for future CIM systems. These architectural forms may be distinguished on the basis of the partitioning principles which predominate in their design.< >

关键词： computer integrated manufacturing Hardware Power capacitors Local area networks Subcontracting Debugging Workstations Programmable control Cost function Software packages

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