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The role of input imaging combination and ADC threshold on segmentation of acute ischemic stroke lesion using U-Net

European Radiology 2023年第9期33卷 6157-6167页

作者： Li, Ya-Hui Lin, Shao-Chieh Chung, Hsiao-Wen Chang, Chia-Ching Peng, Hsu-Hsia Huang, Teng-Yi Shen, Wu-Chung Tsai, Chon-Haw Lo, Yu-Chien Lee, Tung-Yang Juan, Cheng-Hsuan Juan, Cheng-En Chang, Hing-Chiu Liu, Yi-Jui Juan, Chun-Jung Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital No. 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Zhubei City Hsinchu County 302 Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Management Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Neurology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung 40724 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong ERB1112 11/F William M.W. Mong Engineering Building N.T Shatin Hong Kong Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center The Chinese University of Hong Kong N.T Shatin Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Background: To evaluate the effect of the weighting of input imaging combo and ADC threshold on the performance of the U-Net and to find an optimized input imaging combo and ADC threshold in segmenting acute ischemic stroke (AIS) lesion. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled a total of 212 patients having AIS. Four combos, including ADC-ADC-ADC (AAA), DWI-ADC-ADC (DAA), DWI-DWI-ADC (DDA), and DWI-DWI-DWI (DDD), were used as input images, respectively. Three ADC thresholds including 0.6, 0.8 and 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s were applied. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to evaluate the segmentation performance of U-Nets. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests were used for comparison. A p <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The DSC significantly varied among different combos of images and different ADC thresholds. Hybrid U-Nets outperformed uniform U-Nets at ADC thresholds of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s and 0.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p <.001). The U-Net with imaging combo of DDD had segmentation performance similar to hybrid U-Nets at an ADC threshold of 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p =.062 to 1). The U-Net using the imaging combo of DAA at the ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s achieved the highest DSC in the segmentation of AIS lesion. Conclusions: The segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS varies among the input imaging combos and ADC thresholds. The U-Net is optimized by choosing the imaging combo of DAA at an ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s in segmentating AIS lesion with highest DSC. Key Points: • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among input imaging combos. • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among ADC thresholds. • U-Net is optimized using DAA with ADC = 0.6 × 10^–3mm²/s. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.

关键词： Deep Learning Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ischemic Stroke Neural Networks, computer Retrospective Study

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Optimal input states for quantifying the performance of continuous-variable unidirectional and bidirectional teleportation

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Physical Review A 2023年第6期107卷 062603-062603页

作者： Hemant K. Mishra Samad Khabbazi Oskouei Mark M. Wilde Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14850 USA Department of Mathematics Varamin-Pishva Branch Islamic Azad University Varamin 33817-7489 Iran

Continuous-variable (CV) teleportation is a fundamental protocol in quantum information science. A number of experiments have been designed to simulate ideal teleportation under realistic conditions. In this paper, we detail an analytical approach for determining optimal input states for quantifying the performance of CV unidirectional and bidirectional teleportation. The metric that we consider for quantifying performance is the energy-constrained channel fidelity between ideal teleportation and its experimental implementation, and along with this, our focus is on determining optimal input states for distinguishing the ideal process from the experimental one. We prove that, under certain energy constraints, the optimal input state in unidirectional as well as bidirectional teleportation is a finite entangled superposition of twin-Fock states saturating the energy constraint. Moreover, we also prove that, under the same constraints, the optimal states are unique; that is, there is no other optimal finite entangled superposition of twin-Fock states.

关键词： Quantum communication Quantum information theory Quantum protocols

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Enhanced pH sensing with Ce-doped YTixOy sensing membrane in high-performance electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor devices

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Materials Chemistry and Physics 2024年 311卷

作者： Singh, Kanishk Tai, Li-Chia Her, Jim-Long Pan, Tung-Ming Department of Electronics Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Division of Natural Science Center for General Education Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Division of Urology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan33305 Taiwan

Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS)-based sensors are a novel class of electronic chips designed for biochemical sensing that offer a direct electronic readout, making them part of a new generation of sensing technologies. To enhance the pH sensitivity, in this research we fabricated the CeYTixOy-based EIS sensors with different Ce concentrations (1 %, 5 %, and 10%) by the solution-processing method. The crystal orientation, surface topography, and chemical composition of the sensing film were examined by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The CeYTixOy-based EIS sensor treated with an optimal 5% Ce concentration displays a Super-Nernstian pH response of 66.59 mV/pH with an excellent linearity of 0.99. In the context of reliability, the device exhibited a smaller hysteresis voltage of 7 mV and a lower drift rate of 0.75 mV/h. This result may be attributed to the optimal Ce content in the CeYTixOy leads to the formation of redox couple Ce4+/Ce3+ resulting in less than one electron transferred per proton in the redox reaction. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cerium compounds

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State Derivative Normalization for Continuous-Time Deep Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Weigand, Jonas Beintema, Gerben I. Ulmen, Jonas Görges, Daniel Tóth, Roland Schoukens, Maarten Ruskowski, Martin Chair of Machine Tools and Control Systems RPTU Kaiserslautern The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Kaiserslautern Germany Group The Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands The Systems and Control Laboratory The Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest Hungary Institute for Electromobility RPTU Kaiserslautern Germany

The importance of proper data normalization for deep neural networks is well known. However, in continuous-time state-space model estimation, it has been observed that improper normalization of either the hidden state or hidden state derivative of the model estimate, or even of the time interval can lead to numerical and optimization challenges with deep learning based methods. This results in a reduced model quality. In this contribution, we show that these three normalization tasks are inherently coupled. Due to the existence of this coupling, we propose a solution to all three normalization challenges by introducing a normalization constant at the state derivative level. We show that the appropriate choice of the normalization constant is related to the dynamics of the to-be-identified system and we derive multiple methods of obtaining an effective normalization constant. We compare and discuss all the normalization strategies on a benchmark problem based on experimental data from a cascaded tanks system and compare our results with other methods of the identification literature. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Stabilizing control Design by Integrable Differential Passive Outputs*

Stabilizing Control Design by Integrable Differential Passiv...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Morteza Nazari Monfared Yu Kawano Michele Cucuzzella Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-hiroshima Japan Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control ENTEG Faculty of Science and Engineering (FSE) University of Groningen (UG) Nijenborgh 4 Groningen AG the Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

Differential passivity of a nonlinear system has been introduced as passivity of its variational system. Applying standard passivity-based control techniques to differentially passive systems leads to controllers for the corresponding variational systems. However, it is challenging to construct controllers for the original nonlinear systems if the differential passive outputs are non-exact differential one-forms. In this letter, our objective is to provide a systematic procedure to address this issue when differential passive outputs are integrable, i.e., when non-exact differential passive outputs can be made exact by multiplying them by suitable integrating factors. In particular, under suitable detectability assumptions, we propose one static and two dynamic state feedback stabilizing controllers, where each dynamic controller has a form of input-and output-shaping, respectively. We illustrate their effectiveness by stabilization of counter-current heat exchangers.

关键词： Heating systems State feedback Systematics control design Color Nonlinear systems Standards

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Feature Extraction of Motor Imagination EEG Signals for a Collaborative Exoskeleton Robot Based on PSD Analysis

Feature Extraction of Motor Imagination EEG Signals for a Co...

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Chinese control Conference (CCC)

作者： Yunfeng Wu Junze Li Zichen Ren Bo Lu Changzhu Zhang Peng Qi Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana United States Robotics and Microsystems Center School of Mechanicaland Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China

The integration of brain-machine interface and exoskeleton robot has been widespread application in gait correction, walking assistance, and numerous other scenarios. To effectively extract the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal features of motor imagery while wearing an exoskeleton, this study proposes a frequency band pre-determination method based on power spectral density (PSD) that enables common spatial patterns (CSP) to extract features from the frequency band with the highest energy in the EEG. The signal power spectral density of all channels is obtained at or near the average frequency of the maximum short interval frequency component energy. A second round of filtering is performed on the data, and the signal components are used as input for the subsequent feature extraction step. The CSP method extracts features from the spatial domain signal and generates feature maps. Finally, Support Vector Machines (SVM) are utilized to classify the EEG signals. Based on the pre-set gait of the exoskeleton robot and the motor imagery paradigm, feature extraction and classification of motor imagery EEG data during exoskeleton use were conducted, with an average accuracy rate of 77%. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in extracting the motor imagery EEG features during exoskeleton use.

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Unextendible entanglement of quantum channels

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Vishal Wilde, Mark M. School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States

Quantum communication relies on the existence of high quality quantum channels to exchange information. In practice, however, all communication links are affected by noise from the environment. Here we investigate the ability of quantum channels to perform quantum communication tasks by restricting the participants to use only local operations and one-way classical communication (one-way LOCC) along with the available quantum channel. In particular, a channel can be used to distill a highly entangled state between two parties, which further enables quantum or private communication. In this work, we invoke the framework of superchannels to study the distillation of a resourceful quantum state, such as a maximally entangled state or a private state, using multiple instances of a point-to-point quantum channel. We use the idea of k-extendibility to obtain a semidefinite relaxation of the set of one-way LOCC superchannels and define a class of entanglement measures for quantum channels that decrease monotonically under such superchannels;therefore these measures, dubbed collectively the "unextendible entanglement of a channel", yield upper bounds on several communication-theoretic quantities of interest in the regimes of resource distillation and zero error. We then generalize the formalism of k-extendibility to bipartite superchannels, thus obtaining functions that are monotone under two-extendible superchannels. This allows us to analyze probabilistic distillation of ebits or secret key bits from a bipartite state when using a resourceful quantum channel. Moreover, we propose semidefinite programs to evaluate several of these quantities, providing a computationally feasible method of comparison between quantum channels for resource distillation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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PDMATLAB2D: A Peridynamics MATLAB Two-dimensional Code

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Journal of Peridynamics and Nonlocal Modeling 2024年第1期6卷 149-205页

作者： Seleson, Pablo Pasetto, Marco John, Yohan Trageser, Jeremy Reeve, Samuel Temple Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box 2008 MS-6013 Oak Ridge 37831-6013 TN United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla 92093 CA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 801 Ferst Dr Atlanta 30332 GA United States Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara Harold Frank Hall Room 5119 Santa Barbara 93106 CA United States Engineering Sciences Center Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 MS-1322 Albuquerque 87185-1322 NM United States Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box 2008 MS-6085 Oak Ridge 37831-6085 TN United States

PDMATLAB2D is a meshfree peridynamics implementation in MATLAB suitable for simulation of two-dimensional fracture problems. The purpose of this code is twofold. First, it provides an entry-level peridynamics computational tool for educational and training purposes. Second, it serves as an accessible and easily modifiable computational tool for peridynamics researchers who would like to adapt the code for a multitude of peridynamics simulation scenarios. The current version of the code implements a bond-based brittle elastic peridynamic model and a critical stretch criterion for bond breaking. However, the code is designed to be extendable for other peridynamic models and computational features. In this paper, we provide an overview of the code structure and functions with illustrative examples. Due to the integrated computation and postprocessing MATLAB capabilities, PDMATLAB2D can serve as an effective testbed for testing new constitutive models and advanced numerical features for peridynamics computations. © UT-Battelle, LLC, under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. corrected publication 2024.

关键词： Fracture Meshfree Peridynamics Two-dimensional

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Security Flaws From Time-Varying Encoding in High Speed MDI QKD

Security Flaws From Time-Varying Encoding in High Speed MDI ...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Amita Gnanapandithan Hoi-Kwong Lo Li Qian Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Physics University of Toronto Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Electro-optic phase modulators are commonly used for polarization and phase encoding in quantum key distribution. Here, a novel state preparation flaw which arises during high speed electro-optic phase modulation is i... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Electrooptical modulators Modulation Modulators Phase modulation Polarization Quantum key distribution

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A fast and effective maximum power point tracking method under various weather conditions for grid-connected photovoltaic systems

A fast and effective maximum power point tracking method und...

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IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE)

作者： Karam Khairullah Mohammed Saad Mekhilef Muhyaddin Rawa Control and Mechatronics Engineering Department School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia School of Software and Electrical Engineering Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC Australia Smart Grids Research Group Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and power Systems King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department Of Electrical and computer Engineering Faculty of engineering K. A Care Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Photovoltaic systems (PV) are exposed to various weather conditions during the day and getting the maximum power of a PV system is one of its major challenges. While the conventional methods take time to track the maximum power accompanying the fluctuation around the maximum power. Consequently, several metaheuristic algorithms have been presented to overcome the fluctuating around the maximum power. On the other hand optimization methods will search into entire the PV curve to extract the maximum power. This leads to unnecessary search points during the uniform shading conditions which decrease the convergence speed towards the maximum power. In overcoming the tracking time issues as well as the capacity to distinguish between uniform and partial shading conditions, a quick and efficient tracking technique connected to the grid system was presented in this paper. The proposed system, has been tested using MATLAB/SIMULINK, which includes a boost converter to track the maximum power with a sampling time of 0.05 seconds, While a voltage source converter (VSC) is used to transfer the power generated by solar panels to the grid. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method was successfully implemented, with an average tracking time of 0.412 s for different weather conditions. Moreover, the comparison with the conventional method of perturb and observe (P& O) has been presented to evaluate the proposed method’s efficiency.

关键词： Maximum power point trackers Renewable energy sources Fluctuations Simulation Optimization methods Power electronics Solar panels

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