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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ma, Yunhan Niu, Yong Han, Zhu Ai, Bo Li, Kai Zhong, Zhangdui Wang, Ning The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of Porto Portugal The School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China

With the explosive growth of mobile data, the demand of high-speed railway (HSR) passengers for broadband wireless access services urgently needs the support of ultra-high-speed scenario broadband wireless communication. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) can achieve high data transmission rates, but it is accompanied by high propagation loss and vulnerability to blockage. To address this issue, developments of directional antennas and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enhance the robustness of the mmWave train-ground communication system. In this paper, we propose a UAV and MRs relay assistance (UMRA) algorithm to effectively overcome link blockage, which can maximize the number of transmission flows on the premise of meeting QoS requirements and channel qualities. First, we formulate a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem for UAV trajectory design and transmission scheduling in the full-duplex (FD) mode. Then, in UMRA, the relay decision algorithm and transmission scheduling algorithm based on graph theory are proposed, which make a good tradeoff between computation complexity and system performance. Extensive simulation results show that a suitable UAV position will greatly improve the performance of the UMRA algorithm and make it close to the optimal solution. Compared with the other two existing benchmark schemes, with the high channel quality requirements and large-area blockage, UMRA can greatly improve the number of completed flows and system throughput. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scheduling

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Quantum limits on noise for a class of nonlinear amplifiers

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Physical Review A 2021年第5期103卷 052415-052415页

作者： Jeffrey M. Epstein K. Birgitta Whaley Joshua Combes Berkeley Center for Quantum Information and Computation Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Rigetti Computing 775 Heinz Avenue Berkeley California 94710 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Nonlinear amplifiers such as the transistor are ubiquitous in classical technology, but their quantum analogs are not well understood. We introduce a class of nonlinear amplifiers that amplify any normal operator and add only a half quantum of vacuum noise at the output. In the large-gain limit, when used in conjunction with a noisy linear detectors, these amplifiers implement ideal measurements of the normal operator.

关键词： Quantum information processing

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Synthesis of churros-like V2Se9 nanostructures for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of oxalic acid in urine with portable point-of-care diagnostic devices

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2025年 285卷 117589页

作者： Shi, Peizheng Ye, Chen Sun, Zhuang Sun, Kaiqiang Zhao, Ningbin Pourfakhr, Mahan Cai, Tao Nishimura, Kazuhito Jiang, Nan Tsai, Hsu-Sheng Wu, Lidong Wu, Wenqi Yu, Jiancheng Fu, Li Xu, Lixin Chen, Jun Lin, Cheng-Te College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310014 China Qianwan Institute of CNITECH Ningbo315336 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Bioengineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing100141 China Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong 510260 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong 511495 China Institute of Mass Spectrometry Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry Ningbo315211 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou310018 China

The binding of oxalic acid (OA) with metal ions, particularly calcium ions, is a key factor in kidney stone formation, as it produces insoluble calcium oxalate, which crystallizes and accumulates in the kidneys. Consequently, OA in urine is commonly considered a significant biomarker for clinical diagnosis and early screening of kidney stones. This study reports churros-like V2Se9 nanostructures synthesized using a solvothermal method (high pressure and temperature) for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of OA in urine. The electrodes made of churros-like V2Se9 hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for OA recognition, demonstrated a linear range from 20 nM to 4 mM, with an extremely low detection limit of 9.7 nM. To enable fast, user friendly, and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) for OA in urine samples, we designed and developed a portable workstation integrated with smartphone for data visualization. This is the first study to utilize the V2Se9 system for highly sensitive biosensor applications, highlighting its potential to advance screening techniques for key indicators of kidney stones by incorporating novel transition metal chalcogenide nanomaterials in POCT devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Electrochemical biosensors

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Privacy-Preserving distributed average consensus in finite time using random gossip

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Manitara, Nicolaos E. Rikos, Apostolos I. Hadjicostis, Christoforos N. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KIOS Center of Excelence University of Cyprus Nicosia1678 Cyprus Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

In this paper, we develop and analyze a gossip-based average consensus algorithm that enables all of the components of a distributed system, each with some initial value, to reach (approximate) average consensus on their initial values after executing a finite number of iterations, and without having to reveal the specific value they contribute to the average calculation. We consider a fully-connected (undirected) network in which each pair of components (nodes) can be randomly selected to perform pairwise standard gossip averaging of their values, and propose an enhancement that can be followed by each node that does not want to reveal its initial value to other (curious) nodes. We assume that curious nodes try to identify the initial values of other nodes but do not interfere in the computation in any other way;however, as a worst-case assumption, curious nodes are allowed to collaborate arbitrarily and are assumed to know the privacy-preserving strategy (but not the actual parameters chosen by the nodes that want to preserve their privacy). We characterize precisely conditions on the information exchange that guarantee privacy-preservation for a specific node. The protocol also provides a criterion that allows the nodes to determine, in a distributed manner (while running the enhanced gossip protocol), when to terminate their operation because approximate average consensus has been reached, i.e., all nodes have obtained values that are within a small distance from the exact average of their initial values. © 2021, CC BY.

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A Survey for Large Language Models in Biomedicine

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Chong Li, Mengyao He, Junjun Wang, Zhongruo Darzi, Erfan Chen, Zan Ye, Jin Li, Tianbin Su, Yanzhou Ke, Jing Qu, Kaili Li, Shuxin Yu, Yi Liò, Pietro Wang, Tianyun Wang, Yu Guang Shen, Yiqing School of Medical Engineering Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province Xinxiang China Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design Xinxiang China Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai China Amazon Palo AltoCA United States Boston Children's Hospital MA United States Harvard Medical School Harvard University MA United States Toursun Synbio Shanghai China Department of Data Science & AI Faculty of IT Monash University Melbourne Australia School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University MD United States

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented natural language understanding and generation capabilities. However, existing surveys on LLMs in biomedicine often focus on specific applications or model architectures, lacking a comprehensive analysis that integrates the latest advancements across various biomedical domains. This review, based on an analysis of 484 publications sourced from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and arXiv, provides an in-depth examination of the current landscape, applications, challenges, and prospects of LLMs in biomedicine, distinguishing itself by focusing on the practical implications of these models in real-world biomedical contexts. Firstly, we explore the capabilities of LLMs in zero-shot learning across a broad spectrum of biomedical tasks, including diagnostic assistance, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, among others, with insights drawn from 137 key studies. Then, we discuss adaptation strategies of LLMs, including fine-tuning methods for both uni-modal and multi-modal LLMs to enhance their performance in specialized biomedical contexts where zero-shot fails to achieve, such as medical question answering and efficient processing of biomedical literature. Finally, we discuss the challenges that LLMs face in the biomedicine domain including data privacy concerns, limited model interpretability, issues with dataset quality, and ethics due to the sensitive nature of biomedical data, the need for highly reliable model outputs, and the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare. To address these challenges, we also identify future research directions of LLM in biomedicine including federated learning methods to preserve data privacy and integrating explainable AI methodologies to enhance the transparency of LLMs. As this field of LLM rapidly evolves, continued research and development are essential to fully harness the capabilities of LLMs in biomedicine while ensuring their respon

关键词： Federated learning

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State Permutation control in Non-Hermitian Multiqubit Systems with Suppressed Non-Adiabatic Transitions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Arkhipov, Ievgen I. Lewalle, Philippe Nori, Franco Özdemir, Şahin K. Whaley, K. Birgitta Joint Laboratory of Optics Palacký University Institute of Physics of CAS Faculty of Science Palacký University 17. listopadu 12 Olomouc771 46 Czech Republic Department of Chemistry University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Berkeley Center for Quantum Information and Computation BerkeleyCA94720 United States Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research RIKEN Saitama Wako-shi351-0198 Japan Quantum Information Physics Theory Research Team Quantum Computing Center RIKEN Wakoshi Saitama351-0198 Japan Physics Department The University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-1040 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saint Louis University St. LouisMO63103 United States

Non-Hermitian systems have been at the focus of intense research for over a decade, partly due to their nontrivial energy topology formed by intersecting Riemann manifolds with branch points known as exceptional points (EPs). This spectral property can be exploited, e.g., to achieve controlled state permutations that are necessary for implementing a wide class of classical and quantum information protocols. However, the imaginary spectra of typical non-Hermitian systems lead to instabilities and breakdown of adiabaticity, which impedes the practical use of EP-induced energy topologies in quantum information protocols that explicitly rely on symmetric state flips. On the other hand, techniques that help to suppress non-adiabatic transitions in non-Hermitian systems have also been developed, but these advances have so far been limited to single qubits. In this work, we address this long-standing problem by introducing a model of interacting qubits governed by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that hosts EPs and possesses a completely real energy spectrum. We demonstrate that such non-Hermitian Hamiltonians enable realization of permutation groups in the multi-qubit eigenspace. Our findings indicate that, contrary to previous beliefs, non-Hermiticity can be utilized to achieve controlled state permutations in time-modulated multiqubit systems, thus paving the way for the advancement and development of novel quantum information protocols. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Characterization of State-Preparation Uncertainty in Quantum Key Distribution

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第1期19卷 014048-014048页

作者： Anqi Huang Akihiro Mizutani Hoi-Kwong Lo Vadim Makarov Kiyoshi Tamaki Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People’s Republic of China Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L5 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People’s Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To achieve secure quantum key distribution, all imperfections in the source unit must be incorporated in a security proof and measured in the lab. Here we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the experimental techniques for characterizing the source phase and intensity fluctuation in commercial quantum key distribution systems. When we apply the measured phase-fluctuation intervals to the security proof that takes into account fluctuations in the state preparation, it predicts a key distribution distance of over 100km of fiber. The measured intensity fluctuation intervals are, however, so large that the proof predicts zero key, indicating a source improvement may be needed. Our characterization methods pave the way for a future certification standard.

关键词： Fluctuations & noise Optical quantum information processing Quantum cryptography Quantum engineering Quantum state engineering

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Comparing Relaxation Mechanisms in Quantum and Classical Transverse-Field Annealing

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Physical Review Applied 2021年第1期15卷 014029-014029页

作者： Tameem Albash Jeffrey Marshall Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Quantum Information and Control CQuIC University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA QuAIL NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California 94035 USA USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Mountain View California 94043 USA

Annealing schedule control provides opportunities to better understand the manner and mechanisms by which putative quantum annealers operate. By appropriately modifying the annealing schedule to include a pause (keeping the Hamiltonian fixed) for a period of time, we show that it is possible to more directly probe the dissipative dynamics of the system at intermediate points along the anneal and examine thermal relaxation rates, for example, by observing the repopulation of the ground state after the minimum spectral gap. We provide a detailed comparison of experiments from a D-Wave device, simulations of the quantum adiabatic master equation, and a classical analogue of quantum annealing, spin-vector Monte Carlo, and we observe qualitative agreement, showing that the characteristic increase in success probability when pausing is not a uniquely quantum phenomena. We find that the relaxation in our system is dominated by a single timescale, which allows us to give a simple condition for when we can expect pausing to improve the time to solution, the relevant metric for classical optimization. Finally, we also explore in simulation the role of temperature whilst pausing as a means to better distinguish quantum and classical models of quantum annealers.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum information processing Quantum master equation Quantum Monte Carlo Simulated annealing

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Compositional Synthesis of Signal Temporal Logic Tasks via Assume-Guarantee Contracts

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Siyuan Saoud, Adnane Jagtap, Pushpak Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Zamani, Majid Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Germany Computer Science Department LMU Munich Germany Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes CentraleSupélec Univ. Paris Saclay Gif sur Yvette France Robert Bosch Center for Cyber-Physical Systems in Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Computer Science Department University of Colorado Boulder United States

In this paper, we focus on the problem of compositional synthesis of controllers enforcing signal temporal logic (STL) tasks over a class of continuous-time nonlinear interconnected systems. By leveraging the idea of funnel-based control, we show that a fragment of STL specifications can be formulated as assume-guarantee contracts. A new concept of contract satisfaction is then defined to establish our compositionality result, which allows us to guarantee the satisfaction of a global contract by the interconnected system when all subsystems satisfy their local contracts. Based on this compositional framework, we then design closed-form continuous-time feedback controllers to enforce local contracts over subsystems in a decentralized manner. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our results on two numerical examples. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Continuous time systems

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Multimodal Information-Based Broad and Deep Learning Model for Emotion Understanding

Multimodal Information-Based Broad and Deep Learning Model f...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Min Li Luefeng Chen Min Wu Witold Pedrycz Kaoru Hirota School of Automation China University of Geosciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Tokyo Institute of Technology

Multimodal information-based broad and deep learning model（MIBDL） for emotion understanding is proposed, in which facial expression and body gesture are used to achieve emotional states recognition for emotion understanding. It aims to understand coexistence multimodal information in human-robot interaction by using different processing methods of deep network and broad network, which obtains the features of depth and width dimensions. Moreover, random mapping in the initial broad learning network could cause information loss and its shallow layer network is difficult to cope with complex tasks. To address this problem, we use principal component analysis to generate the nodes of the broad learning, and the stacked broad learning network is adapted to make it easier for the existing broad learning networks to cope with complex tasks by creating deep variations of the existing network. To verify the effectiveness of the proposal, experiments completed on benchmark database of spontaneous emotion expressions are developed, and experimental results show that the proposal outperforms the state-of-theart methods. According to the simulation experiments on the FABO database, by using the proposed method, the multimodal recognition rate is 17,54%, 1.24%, and 0.23% higher than those of the temporal normalized motion and appearance features（TN）,the multi-channel CNN（MCCNN）, and the hierarchical classification fusion strategy（HCFS）, respectively.

关键词： Convolution neural network broad learning emotion understanding facial expression body gesture

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