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Development of hydroxyapatite-enhanced membrane for nanoplastics removal: Multiple scenarios and mechanism exploration

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 495卷

作者： Mengna Li Guohe Huang Shuguang Wang Jing Huang Zeyuan Xu Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada China-Canada Center of Energy Environment and Sustainability Research UR-SDU School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia 27100 Italy

Nanoplastics (NPs) are widespread in wastewater systems and more toxic than microplastics (MPs), necessitating effective removal techniques. Although membranes can effectively remove MPs, their efficiency and mechanisms for NPs removal require further study. A novel hydroxyapatite functionalized PVDF (HAPF) membrane was developed for NPs removal. The optimized HAPF membrane was prepared via a one-step method with 800 mg/L HAP at pH 7.3 for 8 hours. It achieved a water flux of 4376.44 LMH, 3.4 times higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane, while maintaining a polystyrene (PS) NPs rejection above 99.5 %. The HAPF membrane maintained 95 % of its pure water flux when treating wastewater with only PS NPs, but exhibited severe flux decline under varying conditions, such as surface-functionalized PS NPs, pH changes, or coexisting contaminants. Among these, the presence of MgSO 4 alongside PS NPs caused the most severe water flux reduction, with the HAPF membrane undergoing complete blocking, followed by the formation of a cake layer. XDLVO results revealed that there is an attractive interaction between the HAPF membrane and PS NPs, primarily driven by acid-base interaction. The HAPF membrane exhibited significantly lower R m and R f values than the PVDF membrane and achieved a flux recovery rate of 92.94 % over multiple fouling-cleaning cycles. Its water flux was 18.9 times that of the PVDF membrane during long-term filtration. The developed HAPF membrane holds significant potential for advanced water treatment and fouling resistance .

关键词： Hydroxyapatite functionalized PVDF (HAPF) membrane Nanoplastic removal Coexisting pollutants XDLVO theory Hermia theory

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A Partial Grading Method using Pattern Matching for Programming Assignments 8

A Partial Grading Method using Pattern Matching for Programm...

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8th International Conference on Innovation, Communication and engineering, ICICE 2019

作者： Liu, Xiao Kim, Yeoneo Cheon, Junseok Woo, Gyun Pusan National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Busan Korea Republic of Smart Control Center of Lg Electronics Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158396

The common approach of the automatic judging systems of programming assignments is compiling the submitted assignment codes to executable programs, then executing them based on pre-defined inputs and grading scores based on the outputs. The output will be evaluated as zero points if it only contains partially correct answers in most judging systems. We apply an approach based on the pattern matching that is able to evaluate the assignment code and give it a partial score if its output is partially correct. Our approach is developed based on Scala and it can be deployed on our previous automatic online programming evaluation system named neoESPA. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Pattern matching

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Resource allocation for millimeter-wave train-ground communications in high-speed railway scenarios

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Xiangfei Niu, Yong Mao, Shiwen Cai, Yunlong He, Ruisi Ai, Bo Zhong, Zhangdui Liu, Yiru State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States Department of ISEE Zhejiang University China State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

With the development of wireless communication, higher requirements arise for train-ground wireless communications in high-speed railway (HSR) scenarios. The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band with rich spectrum resources can provide users in HSR scenarios with high performance broadband multimedia services, while the full-duplex (FD) technology has become mature. In this paper, we study train-ground communication system performance in HSR scenarios with mobile relays (MRs) mounted on rooftop of train and operating in the FD mode. We formulate a nonlinear programming problem to maximize network capacity by allocation of spectrum resources. Then, we develop a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm based on the Lagrange function to solve the bandwidth allocation optimization problem for track-side base station (BS) and MRs in this mm-wave train-ground communication system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SQP algorithm can effectively achieve high network capacity for train-ground communication in HSR scenarios while being robust to the residual self-interference (SI). Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Quantum Mixed State Compiling

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ezzell, Nic Ball, Elliott M. Siddiqui, Aliza U. Wilde, Mark M. Sornborger, Andrew T. Coles, Patrick J. Holmes, Zoë Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Information Sciences Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Physics Department Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4YB United Kingdom Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Division of Computer Science and Engineering Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Quantum Science Center Oak RidgeTN37931 United States Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland

The task of learning a quantum circuit to prepare a given mixed state is a fundamental quantum subroutine. We present a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) to learn mixed states which is suitable for near-term hardware. Our algorithm represents a generalization of previous VQAs that aimed at learning preparation circuits for pure states. We consider two different ansätze for compiling the target state;the first is based on learning a purification of the state and the second on representing it as a convex combination of pure states. In both cases, the resources required to store and manipulate the compiled state grow with the rank of the approximation. Thus, by learning a lower rank approximation of the target state, our algorithm provides a means of compressing a state for more efficient processing. As a byproduct of our algorithm, one effectively learns the principal components of the target state, and hence our algorithm further provides a new method for principal component analysis. We investigate the efficacy of our algorithm through extensive numerical implementations, showing that typical random states and thermal states of many body systems may be learnt this way. Additionally, we demonstrate on quantum hardware how our algorithm can be used to study hardware noise-induced states. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Pretty good measurement for bosonic Gaussian ensembles

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mishra, Hemant K. Lami, Ludovico Mandayam, Prabha Wilde, Mark M. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee Ulm11D-89069 Germany QuSoft Science Park 123 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Korteweg–de Vries Institute for Mathematics University of Amsterdam Science Park 105-107 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Center for Quantum Information Communication and Computing IIT Madras Chennai600036 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600036 India

The pretty good measurement is a fundamental analytical tool in quantum information theory, giving a method for inferring the classical label that identifies a quantum state chosen probabilistically from an ensemble. Identifying and constructing the pretty good measurement for the class of bosonic Gaussian states is of immediate practical relevance in quantum information processing tasks. Holevo recently showed that the pretty good measurement for a bosonic Gaussian ensemble is a bosonic Gaussian measurement that attains the accessible information of the ensemble [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 66(9):5634–564, 2020]. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof of Gaussianity of the pretty good measurement for a Gaussian ensemble of multimode bosonic states, with a focus on establishing an explicit and efficiently computable Gaussian description of the measurement. We also compute an explicit form of the mean square error of the pretty good measurement, which is relevant when using it for parameter estimation. Generalizing the pretty good measurement is a quantum instrument, called the pretty good instrument. We prove that the post-measurement state of the pretty good instrument is a faithful Gaussian state if the input state is a faithful Gaussian state whose covariance matrix satisfies a certain condition. Combined with our previous finding for the pretty good measurement and provided that the same condition holds, it follows that the expected output state is a faithful Gaussian state as well. In this case, we compute an explicit Gaussian description of the post-measurement and expected output states. Our findings imply that the pretty good instrument for bosonic Gaussian ensembles is no longer merely an analytical tool, but that it can also be implemented experimentally in quantum optics laboratories. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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Differentiator-based disturbance observer 8

Differentiator-based disturbance observer

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8th IEEE Data Driven control and Learning Systems Conference, DDCLS 2019

作者： Li, Xiangyang Gao, Zhiqiang Ai, Wei Tian, Senping School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Center for Advanced Control Technologies Cleveland State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ClevelandOH44115 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728114545

The analysis of nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is first given in detail and an equivalent differentiator structure is used to explain the NDO. The design procedure of NDO is given according to this equivalent structure. Then the structure and principle of the generalized differentiator-based disturbance observer (DBDO) is given and compared with NDO in their structure and algorithm. As one of DBDO, tracking differentiator (TD) based disturbance observer is applied to compare NDO in simulations. Simulations for disturbance estimation show that both NDO and TD based disturbance observer have very effective disturbance estimation performance but the later has less design restriction. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) Differentiator-based disturbance observer (DBDO) Tracking differentiator (TD) Disturbance observer-based control (DOBC) NDO disturbance observer design process DIFFERENTIATORS

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Experiment on scalable multi-user twin-field quantum key distribution network

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhong, Xiaoqing Wang, Wenyuan Mandil, Reem Lo, Hoi-Kwong Qian, Li Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Dept. of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD) systems have shown great promise for implementing practical long-distance secure quantum communication due to its measurement-device-independent nature and its ability to offer fundamentally superior rate-loss scaling than point-to-point QKD systems. A surge of research and development effort in the last two years has produced many variants of protocols and experimental demonstrations. In terms of hardware topology, TFQKD systems interfering quantum signals from two remotely phase-locked laser sources are in essence giant Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) requiring active phase stabilization. Such configurations are inherently unsuitable for a TFQKD network, where more than one user-pair share the common quantum measurement station, because it is practically extremely difficult, if not impossible, to stabilize MZIs of largely disparate path lengths, a situation that is inevitable in a multi-user-pair TFQKD network. On the other hand, Sagnac interferometer based TFQKD systems exploiting the inherent phase stability of the Sagnac ring can implement asymmetric TFQKD, and are therefore eminently suitable for implementing a TFQKD network. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle multi-user-pair Sagnac TFQKD network where three user pairs sharing the same measurement station can perform pair-wise TFQKD through time multiplexing, with channel losses up to 58 dB, and channel loss asymmetry up to 15 dB. In some cases, the secure key rates still beat the rate-loss bounds for point-to-point repeaterless QKD systems, even in this network configuration. It is to our knowledge the first multi-user-pair TFQKD network demonstration, an important step in advancing quantum communication network technologies. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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VAE-KRNET and ITS APPLICATIONS to VARIATIONAL BAYES

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wan, Xiaoliang Wei, Shuangqing Department of Mathematics Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Division of Electrical & Computer Engineering Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States

In this work, we have proposed a generative model, called VAE-KRnet, for density estimation or approximation, which combines the canonical variational autoencoder (VAE) with our recently developed flow-based generative model, called KRnet. VAE is used as a dimension reduction technique to capture the latent space, and KRnet is used to model the distribution of the latent variable. Using a linear model between the data and the latent variable, we show that VAE-KRnet can be more effective and robust than the canonical VAE. VAE-KRnet can be used as a density model to approximate either data distribution or an arbitrary probability density function (PDF) known up to a constant. VAE-KRnet is flexible in terms of dimensionality. When the number of dimensions is relatively small, KRnet can effectively approximate the distribution in terms of the original random variable. For high-dimensional cases, we may use VAE-KRnet to incorporate dimension reduction. One important application of VAE-KRnet is the variational Bayes for the approximation of the posterior distribution. The variational Bayes approaches are usually based on the minimization of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the model and the posterior. For high-dimensional distributions, it is very challenging to construct an accurate density model due to the curse of dimensionality, where extra assumptions are often introduced for efficiency. For instance, the classical mean-field approach assumes mutual independence between dimensions, which often yields an underestimated variance due to oversimplification. To alleviate this issue, we include into the loss the maximization of the mutual information between the latent random variable and the original random variable, which helps keep more information from the region of low density such that the estimation of variance is improved. Numerical experiments have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights r

关键词： Random variables

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Wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect

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Physical Review B 2022年第7期106卷 075409-075409页

作者： Zhihao Chen Yu Chen Yaodong Wu Xinxing Zhou Handong Sun Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT) School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China

The photonic spin Hall effect is a manifestation of the spin-orbit interaction of light and can be measured by a transverse shift δ of photons with opposite spins. The precise measurement of transverse shifts can enable many spin-related applications, such as precise metrology and optical sensing. However, this transverse shift is generally small (i.e., δ/λ<10−1, where λ is the wavelength), which impedes its precise measurement. To date, proposals to generate a giant spin Hall effect (namely, with δ/λ>102) have severe limitations, particularly its occurrence only over a narrow angular cone (with a width of Δθ<1∘). Here we propose a universal scheme to realize the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect with Δθ>70∘ by exploiting the interface between free space and uniaxial epsilon-near-zero media. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the almost-perfect polarization splitting between s and p polarized waves at the designed interface. Remarkably, this almost-perfect polarization splitting does not resort to the interference effect and is insensitive to the incident angle, which then gives rise to the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect.

关键词： Light-matter interaction Photonics Spin Hall effect Spin-orbit coupling

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Estimating distinguishability measures on quantum computers

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rethinasamy, Soorya Agarwal, Rochisha Sharma, Kunal Wilde, Mark M. Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee India School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States IBM Quantum IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States

The performance of a quantum information processing protocol is ultimately judged by distinguishability measures that quantify how distinguishable the actual result of the protocol is from the ideal case. The most prominent distinguishability measures are those based on the fidelity and trace distance, due to their physical interpretations. In this paper, we propose and review several algorithms for estimating distinguishability measures based on trace distance and fidelity. The algorithms can be used for distinguishing quantum states, channels, and strategies (the last also known in the literature as "quantum combs"). The fidelity-based algorithms offer novel physical interpretations of these distinguishability measures in terms of the maximum probability with which a single prover (or competing provers) can convince a verifier to accept the outcome of an associated computation. We simulate many of these algorithms by using a variational approach with parameterized quantum circuits. We find that the simulations converge well in both the noiseless and noisy scenarios, for all examples considered. Furthermore, the noisy simulations exhibit a parameter noise resilience. Finally, we establish a strong relationship between various quantum computational complexity classes and distance estimation problems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum optics

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