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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rethinasamy, Soorya Agarwal, Rochisha Sharma, Kunal Wilde, Mark M. Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee India School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States IBM Quantum IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States

The performance of a quantum information processing protocol is ultimately judged by distinguishability measures that quantify how distinguishable the actual result of the protocol is from the ideal case. The most prominent distinguishability measures are those based on the fidelity and trace distance, due to their physical interpretations. In this paper, we propose and review several algorithms for estimating distinguishability measures based on trace distance and fidelity. The algorithms can be used for distinguishing quantum states, channels, and strategies (the last also known in the literature as "quantum combs"). The fidelity-based algorithms offer novel physical interpretations of these distinguishability measures in terms of the maximum probability with which a single prover (or competing provers) can convince a verifier to accept the outcome of an associated computation. We simulate many of these algorithms by using a variational approach with parameterized quantum circuits. We find that the simulations converge well in both the noiseless and noisy scenarios, for all examples considered. Furthermore, the noisy simulations exhibit a parameter noise resilience. Finally, we establish a strong relationship between various quantum computational complexity classes and distance estimation problems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum optics

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Changes in electric-field noise due to thermal transformation of a surface ion trap

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Berlin-Udi, Maya Matthiesen, Clemens Lloyd, P.N. Thomas Alonso, Alberto M. Noel, Crystal Saarel, Benjamin Orme, Christine A. Kim, Chang-Eun Nelson, Art J. Ray, Keith G. Lordi, Vincenzo Häffner, Hartmut Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94551 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Duke Quantum Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States

We aim to illuminate how the microscopic properties of a metal surface map to its electric-field noise characteristics. In our system, prolonged heat treatments of a metal film can induce a rise in the magnitude of the electric-field noise generated by the surface of that film. We refer to this heat-induced rise in noise magnitude as a thermal transformation. The underlying physics of this thermal transformation process is explored through a series of heating, milling, and electron treatments performed on a single surface ion trap. Between these treatments, 40Ca+ ions trapped 70 µm above the surface of the metal are used as detectors to monitor the electric-field noise at frequencies close to 1 MHz. An Auger spectrometer is used to track changes in the composition of the contaminated metal surface. With these tools we investigate contaminant deposition, chemical reactions, and atomic restructuring as possible drivers of thermal transformations. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric fields

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Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation with tissue aging and cancer development

Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation ...

引用

International Conference on Laser Optics

作者： L. M. Oliveira T. M. Gonç alves A. R. Botelho I. S. Martins H. F. Silva I. Carneiro S. Carvalho R. Henrique V. V. Tuchin ISEP Center of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology Porto Portugal Physics Department Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering (ISEP) Porto Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Porto University - School of Engineering Porto Portugal Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Dept. of Pathological Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy Polytechnic of Porto - School of Health (ESS) Porto Portugal Deptartment of Pathology Santa Luzia Hospital (ULSAM) Viana do Castelo Portugal Dept. of Pat hol. and Molecular Immunology Porto University - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar Porto Portugal Science Medical Center Saratov State University Saratov Russia Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control FRC &#x2018 Saratov Scientific Centre&#x2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saratov Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665466646

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466653

The direct calculation of the absorption coefficient spectra of various tissues from spectral measurements allowed to retrieve the contents of melanin and lipofuscin. In the rabbit brain cortex, 1.8 times higher melanin content is explained by the neuron degeneration process. Similar melanin and lipofuscin contents were found in the rabbit pancreas as a result of the tissue aging process. The conversion of 83 % of the melanin in the human normal kidney into lipofuscin in the cancer kidney indicates that lipofuscin can be considered a kidney cancer marker in humans.

关键词： Rabbits Absorption Neurons Lasers Aging Pigments Optics

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3D printing of self-powered triboelectric intelligent system with enhanced output performance for material identification via machine learning

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Huang, Bingyu Xu, Kailong Zhang, Xiaofei Zhang, Yongcheng Long, Yun-Ze Ge, Shuzhi Sam Wei, Xiangxia School of Automation Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices College of Physics Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China College of Physics Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted global attention for energy conversion from various types of mechanical energy into electricity. Traditional approaches for improving triboelectric conversion efficiency generally involved complicated preparation methods and strict structural design, which cannot fulfill the stringent requirements of material adaptability and application scenarios. In this work, a flexible TENG was developed based on zirconium-doped barium titanate (BaZrxTi1−xO3, BZT) particles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Subsequently, BZT/PDMS composites with patterned structures were fabricated by direct ink writing (DIW) based three-dimensional (3D) printing to significantly enhance the electrical performance. It was demonstrated that the TENG could deliver a maximum open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 350 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 4.9 µA with a maximum power density of 2.4 W m−2. Moreover, an effective utilization of the TENG was designed to detect the presence of humans, saving a huge amount of electrical energy. Finally, a TENG-based tactile sensor was integrated with machine learning to construct a material identification system, which was capable of recognizing different materials with a high accuracy of 98.54 %. The TENG-based tactile sensor with machine learning demonstrated a tremendous application in material perception, promoting the development of versatile sensors in the field of machine intelligence. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Liquid crystals

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Fractional-order biological system: chaos, multistability and coexisting attractors

引用

The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2021年第5期231卷 1061-1070页

作者： Debbouche, Nadjette Ouannas, Adel Momani, Shaher Cafagna, Donato Pham, Viet-Thanh Laboratory of Dynamical System and Control University of Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Larbi Ben M’hidi University Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC) College of Humanities and Sciences Ajman University Ajman UAE Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Innovation Engineering University of Salento Lecce Italy Nonlinear Systems and Applications Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of the biological system modeled by the fractional incommensurate order Van der Pol equations are investigated. The stability of the proposed fractional non-autonomous system is analyzed by varying both the fractional order derivative and system parameters. Moreover, very interesting phenomena such as symmetry, multi-stability and coexistence of attractors are discovered in the considered biological system. Numerical simulations are performed by considering the Caputo fractional derivative and results are reported by means of bifurcation diagrams, computation of the largest Lyapunov exponent, phase portraits in 2D and 3D projections.

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Kernelized support tensor train machines

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Cong Batselier, Kim Yu, Wenjian Wong, Ngai Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands BNRist Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Tensor, a multi-dimensional data structure, has been exploited recently in the machine learning community. Traditional machine learning approaches are vector- or matrix-based, and cannot handle tensorial data directly. In this paper, we propose a tensor train (TT)-based kernel technique for the first time, and apply it to the conventional support vector machine (SVM) for image classification. Specifically, we propose a kernelized support tensor train machine that accepts tensorial input and preserves the intrinsic kernel property. The main contributions are threefold. First, we propose a TT-based feature mapping procedure that maintains the TT structure in the feature space. Second, we demonstrate two ways to construct the TT-based kernel function while considering consistency with the TT inner product and preservation of information. Third, we show that it is possible to apply different kernel functions on different data modes. In principle, our method tensorizes the standard SVM on its input structure and kernel mapping scheme. Extensive experiments are performed on real-world tensor data, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme under few-sample high-dimensional inputs. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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Topological edge states at singular points in non-Hermitian plasmonic systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Yin Shen, Yuecheng Veronis, Georgios Department of Optoelectrics Information Science and Engineering School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Hunan Changsha410012 China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States

We introduce non-Hermitian plasmonic waveguide-cavity systems with topological edge states (TESs) at singular points. The compound unit cells of the structures consist of metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators side-coupled to an MDMwaveguide. We show that we can realize both a TES and an exceptional point at the same frequency when a proper amount of loss is introduced into a finite three-unit-cell structure. We also show that the finite structure can exhibit both a TES and a spectral singularity when a proper amount of gain is introduced into the structure. In addition, we show that we can simultaneously realize a unidirectional spectral singularity and a TES when proper amounts of loss and gain are introduced into the structure. We finally show that this singularity leads to extremely high sensitivity of the reflected light intensity to variations of the refractive index of the active materials in the structure. TESs at singular points could potentially contribute to the development of singularity-based plasmonic devices with enhanced performance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plasmonics

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Applications of Game Theory in Vehicular Networks: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sun, Zemin Liu, Yanheng Wang, Jian Li, Guofa Anil, Carie Li, Keqiang Guo, Xinyu Sun, Geng Tian, Daxin Cao, Dongpu College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong Shenzhen518060 China School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522237 India College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210031 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Department of Automotive Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems and Safety Control School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Waterloo Cognitive Autonomous Driving Lab University of Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada

In the Internet of things (IoT) era, vehicles and other intelligent components in an intelligent transportation system (ITS) are connected, forming vehicular networks (VNs) that provide efficient and safe traffic and ubiquitous access to various applications. However, as the number of nodes in an ITS increases, it is challenging to satisfy a varied and large number of service requests with different quality of service (QoS) and security requirements in highly dynamic VNs. Intelligent nodes in VNs can compete or cooperate for limited network resources to achieve the objective for either an individual or a group. Game theory (GT), a theoretical framework designed for strategic interactions among rational decision makers sharing scarce resources, can be used to model and analyze individual or group behaviors of communicating entities in VNs. This paper primarily surveys the recent developments of GT in solving various challenges of VNs. This survey starts with an introduction to the background of VNs. A review of GT models studied in the VNs is then introduced, including the basic concepts, classifications, and applicable vehicular issues. After discussing the requirements of VNs and the motivation of using GT, a comprehensive literature review on GT applications in dealing with the challenges of current VNs is provided. Furthermore, recent contributions of GT to VNs that are integrated with diverse emerging 5G technologies are surveyed. Finally, the lessons learned are given, and several key research challenges and possible solutions of applying GT in VNs are outlined. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality of service

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One-half reflected entropy is not a lower bound for entanglement of purification

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Couch, Josiah Nguyen, Phuc Racz, Sarah Stratis, Georgios Zhang, Yuxuan Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMA02215 United States Brandeis University WalthamMA02453 United States Theory Group Weinberg Institute Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto 60 Saint George St. TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Vector Institute MaRS Centre TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada

In recent work, Akers et al. proved that the entanglement of purification Ep(A : B) is bounded below by half of the q-Rényi reflected entropy SR(q)(A : B) for all q ≥ 2, showing that Ep(A : B) = 1/2 SR(q)(A : B) for a class of random tensor network states. Naturally, the authors raise the question of whether a similar bound holds at q = 1. Our work answers that question in the negative by finding explicit counter-examples, which we arrive at through numerical optimization. Nevertheless, this result does not preclude the possibility that restricted sets of states, such as CFT states with semi-classical gravity duals, could obey the bound in question. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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Loss-tolerant quantum key distribution with a twist

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bourassa, J. Eli Primaatmaja, Ignatius William Lim, Charles Ci Wen Lo, Hoi-Kwong Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Canada Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

The security of measurement device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) relies on a thorough characterization of one’s optical source output, especially any noise in the state preparation process. Here, we provide an extension of the loss-tolerant protocol [Phys. Rev. A 90, 052314 (2014)], a leading proof technique for analyzing the security of QKD, to MDI QKD protocols that employ mixed signal states. We first reframe the core of the proof technique, noting its generalization to treat d-dimensional signal encodings. Concentrating on the qubit signal state case, we find that the mixed states can be interpreted as providing Alice and Bob with a virtual shield system they can employ to reduce Eve’s knowledge of the secret key. We then introduce a simple semidefinite programming method for optimizing the virtual operations they can perform on the shield system to yield a higher key rate, along with an example calculation of fundamentally achievable key rates in the case of random polarization modulation error. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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