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Quantum hacking: Experimental demonstration of time-shift attack against practical quantum-key-distribution systems

Physical Review A 2008年第4期78卷 042333-042333页

作者： Yi Zhao Chi-Hang Fred Fung Bing Qi Christine Chen Hoi-Kwong Lo Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada

Quantum-key-distribution (QKD) systems can send quantum signals over more than 100km standard optical fiber and are widely believed to be secure. Here, we show experimentally a technologically feasible attack—namely, the time-shift attack—against a commercial QKD system. Our result shows that, contrary to popular belief, an eavesdropper, Eve, has a non-negligible probability (∼4%) to break the security of the system. Eve’s success is due to the well-known detection efficiency loophole in the experimental testing of Bell’s inequalities. Therefore, the detection efficiency loophole plays a key role not only in fundamental physics, but also in technological applications such as QKD systems.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Quantum key distribution with an unknown and untrusted source

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Physical Review A 2008年第5期77卷 052327-052327页

作者： Yi Zhao Bing Qi Hoi-Kwong Lo Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G4

The security of a standard bidirectional “plug-and-play” quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been an open question for a long time. This is mainly because its source is equivalently controlled by an eavesdropper, which means the source is unknown and untrusted. Qualitative discussion on this subject has been made previously. In this paper, we solve this question directly by presenting the quantitative security analysis on a general class of QKD protocols whose sources are unknown and untrusted. The securities of standard Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol, weak+vacuum decoy state protocol, and one-decoy state protocol, with unknown and untrusted sources are rigorously proved. We derive rigorous lower bounds to the secure key generation rates of the above three protocols. Our numerical simulation results show that QKD with an untrusted source gives a key generation rate that is close to that with a trusted source.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Combining PMD and Stereo camera for Motion Estimation of a Mobile Robot

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2008年第2期41卷 5417-5422页

作者： C. Netramai O. Melnychuk C. Joochim H. Roth Center for Sensor Systems (ZESS). Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11 57076 Institute of Automatic Control Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Hoelderlinstr. 3 57068. University of Siegen Germany

This paper introduces an improvement to the 6D motion estimation solution by combining the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) and Stereo Camera. The main feature of the stereo camera is the higher resolution of the 2D image compared to the one from the PMD camera. Whereas the depth information derived from a PMD is usually far superior to the result from a stereo camera. This work hence proposes a combination scheme for the PMD and stereo camera in order to improve the results of the motion estimation. The combined setup was placed on a mobile robot and carried on the 6D motion estimation task using a provided artificial landmark. The robot was moved around while the combined setup simultaneously captures 3D images of the landmark from each new position. The motion was estimated based on the matching of the captured 3D images between two successive positions. The classical singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm was used to solve the matching problem. The referent points for the SVD algorithm were extracted from the landmark using a robust corner detection algorithm. The experiments were fulfilled using 1) stereo 2) PMD and 3) combination of stereo and PMD camera. The results of these three arrangements are compared and the outcome of the comparing are presented.

关键词： Stereo vision Motion estimation Mobile robots Singular value decomposition Range images PMD camera

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Fusion Based Quality control Using Intelligent Estimation and Modeling in Industrial Process control

Fusion Based Quality Control Using Intelligent Estimation an...

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Asia International Conference on Modeling & Simulation

作者： Amin Ramezani Mohamad Reza Andalibizadeh Soheil Bahrampour Hamed Ramezani Behzad Moshiri School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran School of ECE and the Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE) University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In this paper, to improve quality control system and being in the competition at a cement production line, we implemented a Local Linear Neuro-Fuzzy Model (LLNFM) and Kalman Filter Information Fusion (KFIF). We proposed a novel approach for model reference control of a cement milling circuit that has previously been studied several times. To do so, first gathered information from Distributed Sensor Network (DSN), deployed in the plant, is used to model under-control process based on the LLNFM approach. This LLNFM is used to prepare data for a KFIF system to derive the form of the control vector with the goal of driving the response of the system to that of a desired model in a noisy operating environment. The paper demonstrates the extraction of the reference models and the derivation of the control laws and the results observed justify the tracking and stability claims of the paper.

关键词： Quality control Intelligent control Industrial control Process control electrical equipment industry Production systems Milling Circuits Working environment noise Data mining

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Multiple Heterogeneous Ant Colonies with Information Exchange

Multiple Heterogeneous Ant Colonies with Information Exchang...

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Congress on Evolutionary computation

作者： Arash Arami Bijan Rahmizadeh Rofoee Caro Lucas Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE) school of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Tabriz University Tabriz Iran School of Cognitive Science Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran CIPCE school of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

The method of multiple heterogeneous ant colonies with information exchange (MHACIE) is presented in this paper with emphasis on the speed of finding the optimal solution and the corresponding computational complexity. The proposed method which is inspired by biology and psychology has a structure composed of several ant colonies. These colonies participate in solving problems in a concurrently manner and also exchange information with each other in communicational steps. Each ant colony is considered as an intelligent agent with behavioral traits. These behavioral traits play a key role in the solving procedure, in interrelation circumstances and in installation of relations. Faster solutions have been achieved using different employments of agents in the algorithm structure. Experimental results show the superiority of Multiple heterogeneous ant colonies algorithm in comparison to the standard ant colony system (ACS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms on different benchmarks. A dynamic, control engineering benchmark is also provided in order to gain a more complete evaluation of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Benchmark testing Evolution (biology) Optimization Heuristic algorithms Evolutionary computation Electronic mail Educational institutions

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Comparison of two linear models for estimating brain deformation during surgery using finite element method

Comparison of two linear models for estimating brain deforma...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Hajar Hamidian Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh Reza Faraji-Dana Masoumeh Gity Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Radiology University of Tehran Medical School Tehran Iran

This paper presents finite element computation of brain deformation during craniotomy. Two mechanical models are compared for this purpose: linear solid-mechanic model and linear elastic model. Both models assume finite deformation of the brain after opening the skull. We use a test sphere as a model of the brain, tetrahedral finite element mesh, and function optimization that optimizes the modelspsila parameters by minimizing the distance between the resulting deformation and the supposed deformation. Based on the final value of the objective function, we conclude that the accuracy of the solid mechanic model is higher than that of the elastic model. Applications of the methods to the MR images of the brain confirm this finding.

关键词： Brain modeling Brain models Mathematical model Optimization Equations Deformable models computational modeling

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Modified Wavelet Transform Features for Characterizing Different Plaque Types in IVUS Images;A Feasibility Study

Modified Wavelet Transform Features for Characterizing Diffe...

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2008 9th International Conference on Signal Processing(ICSP’2008)

作者： A.Roodaki A.Taki S.K.Setarehdan N.Navab Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Computer Aided Medical Procedures(CAMP)-TU Munich Germany

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of most cardiovascular *** intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) image processing techniques do not allow adequate and effective identification of the coronary artery *** can be improved by defining more discriminative features for each kind of artery *** this paper,the effectiveness of a modified wavelet transform feature extraction method and the Gabor filter were studied for automated characterization of the atherosclerosis plaques within the IVUS *** methods are applied on 100 IVUS images obtained from five different *** vector machine was employed in the classification *** a result an accuracy rate of about 8o% was achieved for all methods.

关键词： filter image Modified Wavelet Transform Features for Characterizing Different Plaque Types in IVUS Images A Feasibility Study Gabor Wavelet

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Design and Real Time Implementation of a Fuzzy Tuned H ∞ Estimator in a Low Cost AHRS

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2008年第2期41卷 11554-11559页

作者： Jafar Keighobadi Mansour Kabganian Mohamad J. Yazdanpanah Mechanical Engineering Department 424 Hafez Ave Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran (Tel:+98-*** Control & Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran (Tel: (+98-21) 82233020

In this paper a Fuzzy Tuned extended H ∞ (FTH ∞ ) estimator is designed and implemented in an Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS), which is specialized to vehicular applications. In AHRS, 3-axis accelerometers are allotted to measure the earth's gravity field vector and then to update the roll and pitch angles obtained from gyros’ dynamic. Therefore, the AHRS on an accelerated vehicle will be affected by large disturbances. Additionally, in ground vehicles, the measurements of 3-axis magnetometers are corrupted by both soft and hard iron time varying disturbances. The FTH ∞ estimator is an extended H ∞ *** filter in which only noise and attenuation bounds are tuned based on fuzzy linguistic if-then rules. The mentioned features make the estimator more reliable and suitable for hardware implementation. FTH ∞ estimator relies on a consistent fuzzy combination of two change detection tests; namely, likelihood ratio and averaged norm error. Real-time implementation of new attitude-heading estimator is performed on a TMS320VC5416 Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Incorporating this powerful and small size DSP with micro electro mechanical inertial and resistive magnetic sensors leads to a low cost, small size and low power consumption AHRS. Performance of the AHRS was evaluated in Monte Carlo simulations of vehicle's attitude-headings. The FTH ∞ estimator results in a superior performance compared to that of the extended H ∞ estimator in simulation and real tests.

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An EEG-based subject- and session-independent drowsiness detection

An EEG-based subject- and session-independent drowsiness det...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Chin-Teng Lin Nikhil R. Pal Chien-Yao Chuang Tzyy-Ping Jung Li-Wei Ko Sheng-Fu Liang Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Brain Research Center National Chiao Tung University Calcutta India Department of Brain Research Center National Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center National Chiao-Tung University and Institute for Neural Computation University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center National Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Brain Research Center National Chiao-Tung University and the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Monitoring and predicting human cognitive state and performance using physiological signals such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) have recently gained increasing attention in the fields of brain-computer interface and cognitive neuroscience. Most previous psychophysiological studies of cognitive changes have attempted to use the same model for all subjects. However, the relatively large individual variability in EEG dynamics relating to loss of alertness suggests that for many operators, group statistics cannot be used to accurately predict changes in cognitive states. Attempts have also been made to build a subject-dependent model for each individual based on his/her pilot data to account for individual variability. However, such methods assume the cross-session variability in EEG dynamics to be negligible, which could be problematic due to electrode displacements, environmental noises, and skin-electrode impedance. Here first we show that the EEG power in the alpha and theta bands are strongly correlated with changes in the subjectpsilas cognitive state reflected through his driving performance and hence his departure from alertness. Then under very mild and realistic assumptions we derive a model for the alert state of the person using EEG power in the alpha and theta bands. We demonstrate that deviations (computed by Mahalanobis distance) of the EEG power in the alpha and theta bands from the corresponding alert models are correlated to the changes in the driving performance. Finally, for detection of drowsiness we use a linear combination of deviations of the EEG power in the alpha band and theta band from the respective alert models that best correlates with subjectpsilas changing level of alertness, indexed by subjectpsilas behavioral response in the driving task. This approach could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the cognitive state of human operators in attention-critical settings.

关键词： Electroencephalography Brain modeling Brain models Distance measurement Correlation Spectral analysis Data models

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A study of Particle Swarm Optimization on leukocyte adhesion molecules and control strategies for smart prosthetic hand

A study of Particle Swarm Optimization on leukocyte adhesion...

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IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, SIS

作者： Cheng-Hung Chen Ken W. Bosworth Marco P. Schoen Shawn E. Bearden D. Subbaram Naidu Alba Perez Measurement and Control Engineering Research Center and the Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State University ID USA Measurement and Control Engineering Research Center and the Department of Computer Science Idaho State University ID USA Measurement and Control Engineering Research Center and the Department of Mechanical Engineering Idaho State University ID USA Idaho Biomedical Research Institute and the Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State University ID USA Measurement and Control Engineering Research Center and the Department of Electrical Engineering Idaho State University ID USA Measurement and Control Engineering ResearchCenter and the Department of Mechanical Engineering Idaho State University ID USA

Hard computing based optimization algorithms usually require a lot of computational resources and generally do not have the ability to arrive at the global optimum solution. Soft computing algorithms on the other hand negate these deficiencies, by allowing for reduced computational loads and the ability to find global optimal solutions, even for complex cost surfaces. This paper presents two numerical case studies where a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to biomedical problems. In particular, the problem of identifying the rupture force for leukocyte adhesion molecules and the problem of finding the correct control parameters of a robotic hand, are addressed. Simulation results indicate that PSO is a feasible alternative to the computational expensive hard computing algorithms.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization White blood cells Adhesives Prosthetic hand Biomedical computing Cams Blood vessels Microorganisms Immune system Humans

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