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Quantum advantage for differential equation analysis

Physical Review A 2022年第2期105卷 022415-022415页

作者： Bobak Toussi Kiani Giacomo De Palma Dirk Englund William Kaminsky Milad Marvian Seth Lloyd Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Giacomo De Palma Scuola Normale Superiore 56126 Pisa Italy QuEra Computing Boston Massachusetts 02143 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Quantum Information and Control University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA

Quantum algorithms for differential equation solving, data processing, and machine learning potentially offer an exponential speedup over all known classical algorithms. However, there also exist obstacles to obtaining this potential speedup in useful problem instances. The essential obstacle for quantum differential equation solving is that outputting useful information may require difficult postprocessing, and the essential obstacle for quantum data processing and machine learning is that inputting the data is a difficult task just by itself. In this study, we demonstrate that, when combined, these difficulties solve one another. We show how the output of quantum differential equation solving can serve as the input for quantum data processing and machine learning, allowing dynamical analysis in terms of principal components, power spectra, and wavelet decompositions. To illustrate this, we consider continuous-time Markov processes on epidemiological and social networks. These quantum algorithms provide an exponential advantage over existing classical Monte Carlo methods.

关键词： Machine learning Quantum algorithms Quantum computation Markovian processes Numerical techniques

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Multi-Objective Complementary control

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Jiapeng Chen, Xiang Tan, Ying Zhou, Kemin The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue WindsorONN9B 3P4 Canada The Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC3010 Australia The Center for Advanced Control and Smart Operations Nanjing University Jiangsu Suzhou215163 China

This paper proposes a novel multi-objective control framework for linear time-invariant systems in which performance and robustness can be achieved in a complementary way instead of a trade-off. In particular, a state-space solution is first established for a new stabilizing control structure consisting of two independently designed controllers coordinated with a Youla-type operator Q. It is then shown by performance analysis that these two independently designed controllers operate in a naturally complementary way for a tracking control system, due to the coordination function of Q driven by the residual signal of a Luenberger observer. Moreover, it is pointed out that Q could be further optimized with an additional gain factor to achieve improved performance, through a data-driven methodology for a measured cost function. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost functions

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Defining, measuring, and modeling passenger's in-vehicle experience and acceptance of automated vehicles

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bhide, Neeraja Hashimoto, Nanami Dokurno, Kazimierz Van der Hoorn, Chris Hoogendoorn-Lanser, Sascha Nordhoff, Sina Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Cognitive Robotics Delft University of Technology Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Netherlands Department Transport & Planning Delft University of Technology Netherlands

Automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) has been measured mostly subjectively by questionnaires and interviews, with a main focus on drivers inside automated vehicles (AVs). To ensure that AVs are widely accepted by the public, ensuring the acceptance by both drivers and passengers is key. The in-vehicle experience of passengers will determine the extent to which AVs will be accepted by passengers. A comprehensive understanding of potential assessment methods to measure the passenger experience in AVs is needed to improve the in-vehicle experience of passengers and thereby the acceptance. The present work provides an overview of assessment methods that were used to measure a driver's behavior, and cognitive and emotional states during (automated) driving. The results of the review have shown that these assessment methods can be classified by type of data-collection method (e.g., questionnaires, interviews, direct input devices, sensors), object of their measurement (i.e., perception, behavior, state), time of measurement, and degree of objectivity of the data collected. A conceptual model synthesizes the results of the literature review, formulating relationships between the factors constituting the in-vehicle experience and AVA acceptance. It is theorized that the in-vehicle experience influences the intention to use, with intention to use serving as predictor of actual use. The model also formulates relationships between actual use and well-being. A combined approach of using both subjective and objective assessment methods is needed to provide more accurate estimates for AVA, and advance the uptake and use of AVs. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Vehicles

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I Can Read Your Mind: control Mechanism Secrecy of Networked Dynamical Systems under Inference Attacks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： He, Jianping Li, Yushan Cai, Lin Guan, Xinping The Dept. of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai China The Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria BC Canada

Recent years have witnessed the fast advance of security research for networked dynamical system (NDS). Considering the latest inference attacks that enable stealthy and precise attacks into NDSs with observation-based learning, this article focuses on a new security aspect, i.e., how to protect control mechanism secrets from inference attacks, including state information, interaction structure and control laws. We call this security property as control mechanism secrecy, which provides protection of the vulnerabilities in the control process and fills the defense gap that traditional cyber security cannot handle. Since the knowledge of control mechanism defines the capabilities to implement attacks, ensuring control mechanism secrecy needs to go beyond the conventional data privacy to cover both transmissible data and intrinsic models in NDSs. The prime goal of this article is to summarize recent results of both inference attacks on control mechanism secrets and countermeasures. We first introduce the basic inference attack methods on the state and structure of NDSs, respectively, along with their inference performance bounds. Then, the corresponding countermeasures and performance metrics are given to illustrate how to preserve the control mechanism secrecy. Necessary conditions are derived to guide the secrecy design. Finally, thorough discussions on the control laws and open issues are presented, beckoning future investigation on reliable countermeasure design and tradeoffs between the secrecy and control performance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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GNN-Based Beamforming for Sum-Rate Maximization in MU-MISO Networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yuhang Lu, Yang Ai, Bo Dobre, Octavia A. Ding, Zhiguo Niyato, Dusit School of Computer and Information Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety the School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University St. John’sNLA1C 5S7 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore

The advantages of graph neural networks (GNNs) in leveraging the graph topology of wireless networks have drawn increasing attentions. This paper studies the GNN-based learning approach for the sum-rate maximization in multiple-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) networks subject to the users’ individual data rate requirements and the power budget of the base station. By modeling the MU-MISO network as a graph, a GNN-based architecture named CRGAT is proposed to directly map the channel state information to the beamforming vectors. The attention-enabled aggregation and the residual-assisted combination are adopted to enhance the learning capability and avoid the oversmoothing issue. Furthermore, a novel activation function is proposed for the constraint due to the limited power budget at the base station. The CRGAT is trained in an unsupervised learning manner with two proposed loss functions. An evaluation method is proposed for the learning-based approach, based on which the effectiveness of the proposed CRGAT is validated in comparison with several convex optimization and learning based approaches. Numerical results are provided to reveal the advantages of the CRGAT including the millisecond-level response with limited optimality performance loss, the scalability to different number of users and power budgets, and the adaptability to different system settings. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

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Port-Hamiltonian Modeling of Hydraulics in 4th Generation District Heating Networks

Port-Hamiltonian Modeling of Hydraulics in 4th Generation Di...

引用

IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Felix Strehle Juan E. Machado Michele Cucuzzella Albertus J. Malan Jacquelien M.A. Scherpen Sören Hohmann Institute of Control Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control ENTEG Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen AG Groningen the Netherlands Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665467612

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467629

In this paper, we use elements of graph theory and port-Hamiltonian systems to develop a modular dynamic model describing the hydraulic behavior of 4th generation district heating networks. In contrast with earlier generation networks with a single or few heat sources and pumps, newer installations will prominently feature distributed heat generation units, bringing about a number of challenges for the control and stable operation of these systems, e.g., flow reversals and interactions among pumps controllers, which may lead to severe oscillations. We focus thus on flexible system setups with an arbitrary number of distributed heat sources and end-users interconnected through a meshed, multi-layer distribution network of pipes. Moreover, differently from related works on the topic, we incorporate dynamic models for the pumps in the system and explicitly account for the presence of pressure holding units. By inferring suitable (power-preserving) interconnection ports, we provide a number of claims about the passivity properties of the overall, interconnected system, which proves to be highly beneficial in the design of decentralized control schemes and stability analyses.

关键词： Heating systems Heat pumps Decentralized control Hydraulic systems Interconnected systems Distribution networks Stability analysis

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On the conceptualization of total disturbance and its profound implications

引用

Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 221-223页

作者： Sen CHEN Wenyan BAI Yu HU Yi HUANG Zhiqiang GAO Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute Center for Advanced Control Technologies Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceCleveland State University

Dear editor,How to deal with uncertainties and/or disturbances is a central issue pushing the development of both control science and control technology. Among various approaches, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been successfully implemented in various industrial practices because of its uniqueness in concepts, simplicity

关键词： ESO On the conceptualization of total disturbance and its profound implications

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Minimum jointly structural input and output selection for strongly connected networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Ramos, Guilherme Pedro Aguiar, A. Pequito, Sérgio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Portugal Delft University of Technology Delft Center for Systems and Control Netherlands

In this paper, given a linear time-invariant strongly connected network, we study the problem of determining the minimum number of state variables that need to be simultaneously actuated and measured to ensure structural controllability and observability, respectively. This problem is fundamental in the design of multi-agent systems, where there are economic constraints in the decision of which agents to equip with a more costly on-board system that will allow the agent to have both actuation and sensing capabilities. Despite the combinatorial nature of this problem, we present a solution that couples the design of both structural controllability and structural observability counterparts to address it with polynomial-time complexity. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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A scalable distributed dynamical systems approach to compute the strongly connected components and diameter of networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Reed, Emily A. Ramos, Guilherme Bogdan, Paul Pequito, Sérgio Ming Hsieh Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Southern California United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Portugal Delft University of Technology Delft Center for Systems and Control

Finding strongly connected components (SCCs) and the diameter of a directed network play a key role in a variety of discrete optimization problems, and subsequently, machine learning and control theory problems. On the one hand, SCCs are used in solving the 2-satisfiability problem, which has applications in clustering, scheduling, and visualization. On the other hand, the diameter has applications in network learning and discovery problems enabling efficient internet routing and searches, as well as identifying faults in the power grid. In this paper, we leverage consensus-based principles to find the SCCs in a scalable and distributed fashion with a computational complexity of O (Ddmax in-degree ) , where D is the (finite) diameter of the network and dmax in-degree is the maximum in-degree of the network. Additionally, we prove that our algorithm terminates in D + 1 iterations, which allows us to retrieve the diameter of the network. We illustrate the performance of our algorithm on several random networks, including Erdos-Rényi, Barabási- Albert, and Watts-Strogatz networks. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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Multimodal Emotion Recognition Based on Multi-Scale Facial Features and Cross-Modal Attention

Multimodal Emotion Recognition Based on Multi-Scale Facial F...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Chengao Bao Luefeng Chen Min Li Min Wu Witold Pedrycz Kaoru Hirota School of Automation China University of Geosciences Wuhan China the Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems School of Automation and the Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521950

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521967

A multi-modal emotion recognition method based on facial multi-scale features and cross-modal attention (MS-FCA) network is proposed. The MSFCA model improves the traditional single-branch ViT network into a two-branch ViT architecture by using classification tokens in each branch to interact with picture embeddings in the other branch, which facilitates effective interactions between different scales of information. Subsequently, audio features are extracted using ResNet18 network. The cross-modal attention mechanism is used to obtain the weight matrices between different modal features, making full use of inter-modal correlation and effectively fusing visual and audio features for more accurate emotion recognition. Two datasets are used for the experiments: eNTERFACE'05 and REDVESS dataset. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method on the eNTERFACE'05 and REDVESS datasets is 85.42% and 83.84% respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Emotion recognition Visualization Accuracy Service robots Semantics Human-robot interaction Speech recognition Feature extraction Data mining Facial features

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