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Multiview Integration Network for Multitask Robotic Surgical Scene Analysis

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Shen, Wenting Wang, Yaonan Liu, Min Wang, Jiazheng Ding, Renjie Zhang, Zhe Meijering, Erik Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base for Biomedical Image Processing Hunan Changsha410082 China University of New South Wales School of Computer Science and Engineering SydneyNSW2052 Australia

Surgical scene analysis holds a pivotal role in robot-assisted surgery. However, existing methods often suffer from single or little views, leading to erroneous scene analysis conclusions. To address these issues, a novel Multiview Integration Network (MVINet) is proposed, which comprehensively analyzes the surgical scene by integrating effective information from multiple views, including global, local, dynamic, and static views. As a multitask scene analysis network, MVINet could simultaneously perform semantic segmentation of surgical instruments and detection of instrument-tissue interaction. By designing a unique Global-Local Spatial Feature Memory module (G-LSFM), the joint information from globally and locally analyzed views following graph analysis simultaneously enhances the accuracy of multitask scene analysis. The Dynamic-Static Visual Feature Memory module (D-SVFM) introduces an innovative approach by simultaneously incorporating temporal feature from consecutive frames and static feature from single frame into the node features of the interaction reasoning network. The multiscale perspective of both features further enhances the ability of the module to analyze the complex scenes. Experimental results on a public and a private dataset demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods for two crucial tasks in surgical scene analysis. In the instrument segmentation task, MVINet outperforms the second-best method by 1.73% and 0.55% in terms of mIoU scores. For the interaction detection task, MVINet surpasses the second-best method by 10.14% and 5.47% in mAP scores. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Nonreciprocal thermal radiation in ultrathin magnetized epsilon-near-zero semiconductors

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Mengqi Xia, Shuang Wan, Wenjian Qin, Jun Li, Hua Zhao, Changying Bi, Lei Qiu, Cheng-Wei Institute of Engineering Thermophysics MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin-Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai2000509 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing1000049 China

Spectral/angular emissivity e and absorptivity α of an object are widely believed to be identical by Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation in reciprocal systems, but this introduces an intrinsic and inevitable energy loss for energy conversion and harvesting devices. So far, experimental evidences of breaking this well-known balance are still absent, and previous theoretical proposals are restricted to narrow single-band nonreciprocal radiation. Here we observe for the first time, to our knowledge, the violation of Kirchhoff's law using ultrathin (0.6 has been experimentally demonstrated under a moderate external magnetic field. Moreover, based on magnetized ENZ building blocks supporting asymmetrically radiative Berreman and surface ENZ modes, we show versatile shaping of nonreciprocal thermal radiation: single-band, dual-band, and broadband nonreciprocal emission spectra at different wavebands. Our findings of breaking Kirchhoff's law will advance the conventional understanding of emission and absorption processes of natural objects, and lay a solid foundation for more comprehensive studies in designing various nonreciprocal thermal emitters. The reported recipe of diversely shaping nonreciprocal emission will also breed new possibilities in renovating next-generation nonreciprocal energy devices in the areas of solar cells, thermophotovoltaic, radiative cooling, etc. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Optimal scheduling for electric-heat-gas systems: Harnessing nonlinear thermoelectricity of hydrogen fuel cells

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Renewable Energy 2025年 253卷

作者： Hao Fu Fang Kong Xiao Wu Kwang Y. Lee Feng Wu School of Electrical and Power Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 211100 China National Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Control and Safety School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baylor University One Bear Place #97356 Waco TX 76798-7356 USA Department of Convergence IT Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea

Hydrogen fuel cell, having features of high efficiency and zero carbon emission, has shown great application potential in integrated energy systems. To this end, a novel optimal scheduling strategy of electric-heat-gas (EHG) integrated energy system considering the heat and power coupling characters of hydrogen fuel cell is proposed in this paper. However, the intricate thermoelectric coupling characteristics of fuel cells need to be investigated to develop the refined scheduling modes. Based on the constructed mechanism model of hydrogen fuel cell, the thermoelectric coupling characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration is analyzed among the feasible region, and further linearized as a series of constraints in the scheduling model. Considering the carbon trading cost, energy purchase cost and wind curtailment cost, the scheduling model of the EHG integrated energy system is developed. The results show that consideration of nonlinear thermoelectric coupling characteristics has improved the scheduling accuracy, which is more desirable in real projects. Using the established scheduling strategy, the available renewable resources can be fully absorbed. The carbon emissions and the total cost are significantly reduced, by 25.8 % and 16 %, respectively. Studies also indicate that the proposed optimal scheduling significantly enhances the operational flexibility and economic effect of the system.

关键词： Dielectric heating

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A Survey for Large Language Models in Biomedicine

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Chong Li, Mengyao He, Junjun Wang, Zhongruo Darzi, Erfan Chen, Zan Ye, Jin Li, Tianbin Su, Yanzhou Ke, Jing Qu, Kaili Li, Shuxin Yu, Yi Liò, Pietro Wang, Tianyun Wang, Yu Guang Shen, Yiqing School of Medical Engineering Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province Xinxiang China Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design Xinxiang China Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai China Amazon Palo AltoCA United States Boston Children's Hospital MA United States Harvard Medical School Harvard University MA United States Toursun Synbio Shanghai China Department of Data Science & AI Faculty of IT Monash University Melbourne Australia School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University MD United States

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented natural language understanding and generation capabilities. However, existing surveys on LLMs in biomedicine often focus on specific applications or model architectures, lacking a comprehensive analysis that integrates the latest advancements across various biomedical domains. This review, based on an analysis of 484 publications sourced from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and arXiv, provides an in-depth examination of the current landscape, applications, challenges, and prospects of LLMs in biomedicine, distinguishing itself by focusing on the practical implications of these models in real-world biomedical contexts. Firstly, we explore the capabilities of LLMs in zero-shot learning across a broad spectrum of biomedical tasks, including diagnostic assistance, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, among others, with insights drawn from 137 key studies. Then, we discuss adaptation strategies of LLMs, including fine-tuning methods for both uni-modal and multi-modal LLMs to enhance their performance in specialized biomedical contexts where zero-shot fails to achieve, such as medical question answering and efficient processing of biomedical literature. Finally, we discuss the challenges that LLMs face in the biomedicine domain including data privacy concerns, limited model interpretability, issues with dataset quality, and ethics due to the sensitive nature of biomedical data, the need for highly reliable model outputs, and the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare. To address these challenges, we also identify future research directions of LLM in biomedicine including federated learning methods to preserve data privacy and integrating explainable AI methodologies to enhance the transparency of LLMs. As this field of LLM rapidly evolves, continued research and development are essential to fully harness the capabilities of LLMs in biomedicine while ensuring their respon

关键词： Federated learning

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SSD-KD: A Self-supervised Diverse Knowledge Distillation Method for Lightweight Skin Lesion Classification Using Dermoscopic Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Yongwei Wang, Yuheng Lee, Tim K. Miao, Chunyan Wang, Z. Jane Joint NTU-WeBank Research Center on Fintech Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Photomedicine Institute Vancouver Coast Health Research Institute VancouverBC Canada Cancer Control Research Program Bc Cancer VancouverBC Canada School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy, affecting a large population and causing a heavy economic burdenworldwide. Over the last fewyears, computer-aided diagnosis has been rapidly developed and make great progress in healthcare and medical practices due to the advances in artificial intelligence, particularly with the adoption of convolutional neural networks. However, most studies in skin cancer detection keep pursuing high prediction accuracies without considering the limitation of computing resources on portable devices. In this case, the knowledge distillation (KD) method has been proven as an efficient tool to help improve the adaptability of lightweight models under limited resources, meanwhile keeping a high-level representation capability. To bridge the gap, this study specifically proposes a novel method, termed SSD-KD, that unifies diverse knowledge into a generic KD framework for skin diseases classification. Our method models an intra-instance relational feature representation and integrates it with existing KD research. A dual relational knowledge distillation architecture is self-supervisedly trained while the weighted softened outputs are also exploited to enable the student model to capture richer knowledge from the teacher model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct experiments on ISIC 2019, a large-scale open-accessed benchmark of skin diseases dermoscopic images. Experiments show that our distilled lightweight model can achieve an accuracy as high as 85% for the classification tasks of 8 different skin diseases with minimal parameters and computing requirements. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of our intra- and inter-instance relational knowledge integration strategy. Compared with state-of-the-art knowledge distillation techniques, the proposed method demonstrates improved performances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep knowledge distillation application for multi-diseases cl

关键词： Dermatology

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Comparing Relaxation Mechanisms in Quantum and Classical Transverse-Field Annealing

引用

Physical Review Applied 2021年第1期15卷 014029-014029页

作者： Tameem Albash Jeffrey Marshall Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Quantum Information and Control CQuIC University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA QuAIL NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California 94035 USA USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Mountain View California 94043 USA

Annealing schedule control provides opportunities to better understand the manner and mechanisms by which putative quantum annealers operate. By appropriately modifying the annealing schedule to include a pause (keeping the Hamiltonian fixed) for a period of time, we show that it is possible to more directly probe the dissipative dynamics of the system at intermediate points along the anneal and examine thermal relaxation rates, for example, by observing the repopulation of the ground state after the minimum spectral gap. We provide a detailed comparison of experiments from a D-Wave device, simulations of the quantum adiabatic master equation, and a classical analogue of quantum annealing, spin-vector Monte Carlo, and we observe qualitative agreement, showing that the characteristic increase in success probability when pausing is not a uniquely quantum phenomena. We find that the relaxation in our system is dominated by a single timescale, which allows us to give a simple condition for when we can expect pausing to improve the time to solution, the relevant metric for classical optimization. Finally, we also explore in simulation the role of temperature whilst pausing as a means to better distinguish quantum and classical models of quantum annealers.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum information processing Quantum master equation Quantum Monte Carlo Simulated annealing

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Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks and Edge Computing for Rapid Acoustic Monitoring

引用

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 64-74页

作者： Zhengguo Sheng Saskia Pfersich Alice Eldridge Jianshan Zhou Daxin Tian Victor C.M.Leung the Department of Engineering and Design University of Sussex Infineon Technologies AG the Department of Music University of Sussex Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing (BDBC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems & Safety ControlSchool of Transportation Science and EngineeringBeihang University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia

Passive acoustic monitoring is emerging as a promising solution to the urgent, global need for new biodiversity assessment methods. The ecological relevance of the soundscape is increasingly recognised, and the affordability of robust hardware for remote audio recording is stimulating international interest in the potential for acoustic methods for biodiversity *** scale of the data involved requires automated methods,however, the development of acoustic sensor networks capable of sampling the soundscape across time and space and relaying the data to an accessible storage location remains a significant technical challenge, with power management at its core. Recording and transmitting large quantities of audio data is power intensive,hampering long-term deployment in remote, off-grid locations of key ecological interest. Rather than transmitting heavy audio data, in this paper, we propose a low-cost and energy efficient wireless acoustic sensor network integrated with edge computing structure for remote acoustic monitoring and in situ *** and computation of acoustic indices are carried out directly on edge devices built from low noise primo condenser microphones and Teensy microcontrollers, using internal FFT hardware support. Resultant indices are transmitted over a ZigBee-based wireless mesh network to a destination *** tests of audio quality, indices computation and power consumption demonstrate acoustic equivalence and significant power savings over current solutions.

关键词： Acoustic sensor networks edge computing energy efficiency

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eSTEMIA – Education in Science, Technology, engineering, Mathematics, Informatics and Arts

eSTEMIA – Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, Ma...

引用

International Symposium on Advanced Topics in electrical engineering (ATEE)

作者： Laurenţiu Dan Milici Mihaela Pavăl Mariana Rodica Milici Eusebiu Toader Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University Ştefan cel Mare of Suceava Integrated Center for Research Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control University Ştefan cel Mare of Suceava

The paper presents a new transdisciplinary educational concept based on creative thinking, recommended for teaching science, technology and engineering.

关键词： electrical engineering Ethics Education Neurons Mathematics Generators Information technology

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Characterization of State-Preparation Uncertainty in Quantum Key Distribution

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第1期19卷 014048-014048页

作者： Anqi Huang Akihiro Mizutani Hoi-Kwong Lo Vadim Makarov Kiyoshi Tamaki Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People’s Republic of China Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L5 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People’s Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To achieve secure quantum key distribution, all imperfections in the source unit must be incorporated in a security proof and measured in the lab. Here we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the experimental techniques for characterizing the source phase and intensity fluctuation in commercial quantum key distribution systems. When we apply the measured phase-fluctuation intervals to the security proof that takes into account fluctuations in the state preparation, it predicts a key distribution distance of over 100km of fiber. The measured intensity fluctuation intervals are, however, so large that the proof predicts zero key, indicating a source improvement may be needed. Our characterization methods pave the way for a future certification standard.

关键词： Fluctuations & noise Optical quantum information processing Quantum cryptography Quantum engineering Quantum state engineering

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Circulant shift-based beamforming for secure communication with low-resolution phased arrays

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Patel, Kartik Myers, Nitin Jonathan Heath, Robert W. Wireless Networking and Communications Group The University of Texas at Austin United States Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University United States

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology can achieve high-speed communication due to the large available spectrum. Furthermore, the use of directional beams in mmWave system provides a natural defense against physical layer security attacks. In practice, however, the beams are imperfect due to mmWave hardware limitations such as the low-resolution of the phase shifters. These imperfections in the beam pattern introduce an energy leakage that can be exploited by an eavesdropper. To defend against such eavesdropping attacks, we propose a directional modulation-based defense technique where the transmitter applies random circulant shifts of a beamformer. We show that the use of random circulant shifts together with appropriate phase adjustment induces artificial phase noise (APN) in the directions different from that of the target receiver. Our method corrupts the phase at the eavesdropper without affecting the communication link of the target receiver. We also experimentally verify the APN induced due to circulant shifts, using channel measurements from a 2-bit mmWave phased array testbed. Using simulations, we study the performance of the proposed defense technique against a greedy eavesdropping strategy in a vehicle-to-infrastructure scenario. The proposed technique achieves better defense than the antenna subset modulation, without compromising on the communication link with the target receiver. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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