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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Corrections to “Requirements Socio-Technical Graphs for Managing Practitioners’ Traceability Questions”

引用

IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 2019年第1期6卷 190-190页

作者： Nan Niu Wentao Wang Arushi Gupta Mona Assarandarban Li Da Xu Juha Savolainen Jing-Ru C. Cheng Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA Software and Control Research and Development Danfoss Drives A/S 6300 Gråsten Denmark Information Technology Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS USA

In [1] , Li Da Xu’s main affiliation should be Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.

关键词： Research and development computer science Software Information technology

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Nonlinear adaptive switching control for a class of non-affine nonlinear systems

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2016年第9期24卷 1243-1251页

作者： Miao Huang Xin Wang Zhenlei Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes East China University of Science and Technology School of Optical–Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Center of Electrical & Electronic Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

An improved nonlinear adaptive switching control method is presented to relax the assumption on the higher order nonlinear terms of a class of discrete-time non-affine nonlinear systems. The proposed control strategy is composed of a linear adaptive controller, a neural network(NN) based nonlinear adaptive controller and a switching mechanism. An incremental model is derived to represent the considered system and an improved robust adaptive law is chosen to update the parameters of the linear adaptive controller. A new performance criterion of the switching mechanism is designed to select the proper controller. Using this control scheme, all the signals in the system are proved to be bounded. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Non-affine nonlinear systems Nonlinear adaptive switching control Incremental model

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Reactive power compensation game under prospect-theoretic framing effects

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Wang, Yunpeng Saad, Walid Sarwat, Arif I. Hong, Choong Seon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Miami Coral GablesFL United States Wireless@VT Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL United States Department of Computer Engineering Kyung Hee University Korea Republic of Dispatching Control Center State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company China

Reactive power compensation is an important challenge in current and future smart power systems. However, in the context of reactive power compensation, most existing studies assume that customers can assess their compensation value, i.e., Var unit, objectively. In this paper, customers are assumed to make decisions that pertain to reactive power coordination. In consequence, the way in which those customers evaluate the compensation value resulting from their individual decisions will impact the overall grid performance. In particular, a behavioral framework, based on the framing effect of prospect theory (PT), is developed to study the effect of both objective value and subjective evaluation in a reactive power compensation game. For example, such effect allows customers to optimize a subjective value of their utility which essentially frames the objective utility with respect to a reference point. This game enables customers to coordinate the use of their electrical devices to compensate reactive power. For the proposed game, both the objective case using expected utility theory (EUT) and the PT consideration are solved via a learning algorithm that converges to a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. In addition, several key properties of this game are derived analytically. Simulation results show that, under PT, customers are likely to make decisions that differ from those predicted by classical models. For instance, using an illustrative two-customer case, we show that a PT customer will increase the conservative strategy (achieving a high power factor) by 29% compared to a conventional customer. Similar insights are also observed for a case with three customers. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smart power grids

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Small P values may not yield robust findings:an example using REST-meta-PD

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Science Bulletin 2021年第21期66卷 2148-2152,M0003页

作者： Xi-Ze Jia Na Zhao Hao-Ming Dong Jia-Wei Sun Marek Barton Roxana Burciu Nicolas Carrière Antonio Cerasa Bo-Yu Chen Jun Chen Stephen Coombes Luc Defebvre Christine Delmaire Kathy Dujardin Fabrizio Esposito Guo-Guang Fan Federica Di Nardo Yi-Xuan Feng Brett W.Fling Saurabh Garg Moran Gilat Martin Gorges Shu-Leong Ho Fay BHorak Xiao Hu Xiao-Fei Hu Biao Huang Pei-Yu Huang Ze-Juan Jia Christina Jones Jan Kassubek Lenka Krajcovicova Ajay Kurani Jing Li Qing Li Ai-Ping Liu Bo Liu Hu Liu Wei-Guo Liu Renaud Lopes Yu-Ting Lou Wei Luo Tara Madhyastha Ni-Ni Mao Grainne McAlonan Martin J.McKeown Shirley Pang Andrea Quattrone Irena Rektorova Alessia Sarica Hui-Fang Shang James M.Shine Priyank Shukla Tomas Slavicek Xiao-Peng Song Gioacchino Tedeschi Alessandro Tessitore David Vaillancourt Jian Wang Jue Wang Z.Jane Wang Lu-Qing Wei Xia Wu Xiao-Jun Xu Lei Yan Jing Yang Wan-Qun Yang Nai-Lin Yao De-Long Zhang Jiu-Quan Zhang Min-Ming Zhang Yan-Ling Zhang Cai-Hong Zhou Chao-Gan Yan Xi-Nian Zuo Mark Hallett Tao Wu Yu-Feng Zang Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders the Affiliated HospitalHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310015China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou 311121China National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning&McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Information and Electronics Technology Jiamusi UniversityJiamusi 154007China Neuroscience Program Central European Institute of TechnologyCEITECMasaryk UniversityBrno 62500Czech Republic Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesville FL 32611USA Univ.Lille InsermCHU LilleU1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience&CognitionLille F-59000France The Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation National Research CouncilMangone CS 87050Italy Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001China Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Department of Medicine Surgery and DentistryScuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoFiscianoSA 132-84084Italy Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta 81100Italy Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020China Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Hangzhou 310020China Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6E 2M6Canada Department of Medicine(Neurology)University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1B7Canada Brain and Mind Center The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Department of Neurology Ulm UniversityUlm 89081Germany Division of Neurology Department of MedicineQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of

Thousands of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-f MRI)articles have been published on brain *** precise localization of abnormal brain activity,a voxel-level comparison is *** of the large number of voxels in the brain,multiple comparison correction(MCC)must be performed to reduce false positive rates,and a smaller P value(usually including either liberal or stringent MCC)is widely recommended[1].

关键词：帕金森病 precise correction

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Corrigendum to “Assessing sustainability of soybean supply in China: Evidence from provincial production and trade data” [J. Clean. Prod. (2020) 245 119006]

引用

Journal of Cleaner Production 2021年 297卷

作者： Fei Wu Yong Geng Yuquan Zhang Chenxing Ji Yifan Chen Lu Sun Wei Xie Tariq Ali Tsuyoshi Fujita School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang Shanghai 200240 China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Xuhui Shanghai 200030 China China Institute for Urban Governance Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Road Minhang Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.3 Yinlian Road Pudong New Area Shanghai 201306 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Irvine 92629 USA School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Minhang Shanghai 200241 China Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan Department of Environment Systems Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8563 Japan China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District Beijing 100871 China North China University of Technology No.5 Jinyuanzhuang Road Shijingshan District Beijing 100144 China

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Entanglement enhancement in multimode integrated circuits

引用

Physical Review A 2018年第6期97卷 062303-062303页

作者： Zacharie M. Léger Aharon Brodutch Amr S. Helmy The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 Kings College Road Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G4 Department of Physics University of Toronto 60 St George St Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A7 Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto 60 St George St Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A7

The faithful distribution of entanglement in continuous-variable systems is essential to many quantum information protocols. As such, entanglement distillation and enhancement schemes are a cornerstone of many applications. The photon subtraction scheme offers enhancement with a relatively simple setup and has been studied in various scenarios. Motivated by recent advances in integrated optics, particularly the ability to build stable multimode interferometers with squeezed input states, a multimodal extension to the enhancement via photon subtraction protocol is studied. States generated with multiple squeezed input states, rather than a single input source, are shown to be more sensitive to the enhancement protocol, leading to increased entanglement at the output. Numerical results show the gain in entanglement is not monotonic with the number of modes or the degree of squeezing in the additional modes. Consequently, the advantage due to having multiple squeezed input states can be maximized when the number of modes is still relatively small (e.g., four). The requirement for additional squeezing is within the current realm of implementation, making this scheme achievable with present technologies.

关键词： Entanglement manipulation Entanglement production Integrated optics Optical quantum information processing Quantum entanglement Quantum information processing with continuous variables

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Identifying Critical Components of Combined Cycle Power Plants for Implementation of Reliability-centered Maintenance

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第2期2卷 87-97页

作者： Hamed Sabouhi Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad Payman Dehghanian Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control Department of Electrical EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

Maintenance scheduling and asset management practices play an important role in power systems,specifically in power generating *** paper presents a novel riskbased framework for a criticality assessment of plant components as a means to conduct more focused maintenance *** components in power plants that influence overall system performance are identified by quantifying their failure impact on system reliability,electric safety,cost,and the *** of plant components according to the proposed risk-based method ensures that the most effective and techno-economic investment decisions are ***,in turn,helps to initiate modern maintenance approaches,such as reliability-centered maintenance(RCM).The proposed method is applied to a real combined cycle power plant(CCPP)in Iran,composed of two gas turbine power plants(GTPP)and one steam turbine power plant(STPP).The results demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the presented approach in real world practices.

关键词： Combined cycle power plant(CCPP) critical component gas turbine power plant(GTPP) reliability-centered maintenance(RCM) risk safety steam turbine power plant(STPP)

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The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Bilic, Patrick Christ, Patrick Li, Hongwei Bran Vorontsov, Eugene Ben-Cohen, Avi Kaissis, Georgios Szeskin, Adi Jacobs, Colin Mamani, Gabriel Efrain Humpire Chartrand, Gabriel Lohöfer, Fabian Holch, Julian Walter Sommer, Wieland Hofmann, Felix Hostettler, Alexandre Lev-Cohain, Naama Drozdzal, Michal Amitai, Michal Marianne Vivanti, Refael Sosna, Jacob Ezhov, Ivan Sekuboyina, Anjany Navarro, Fernando Kofler, Florian Paetzold, Johannes C. Shit, Suprosanna Hu, Xiaobin Lipková, Jana Rempfler, Markus Piraud, Marie Kirschke, Jan Wiestler, Benedikt Zhang, Zhiheng Hülsemeyer, Christian Beetz, Marcel Ettlinger, Florian Antonelli, Michela Bae, Woong Bellver, Míriam Bi, Lei Chen, Hao Chlebus, Grzegorz Dam, Erik B. Dou, Qi Fu, Chi-Wing Georgescu, Bogdan Giró-I-Nieto, Xavier Gruen, Felix Han, Xu Heng, Pheng-Ann Hesser, Jürgen Moltz, Jan Hendrik Igel, Christian Isensee, Fabian Jäger, Paul Jia, Fucang Kaluva, Krishna Chaitanya Khened, Mahendra Kim, Ildoo Kim, Jae-Hun Kim, Sungwoong Kohl, Simon Konopczynski, Tomasz Kori, Avinash Krishnamurthi, Ganapathy Li, Fan Li, Hongchao Li, Junbo Li, Xiaomeng Lowengrub, John Ma, Jun Maier-Hein, Klaus Maninis, Kevis-Kokitsi Meine, Hans Merhof, Dorit Pai, Akshay Perslev, Mathias Petersen, Jens Pont-Tuset, Jordi Qi, Jin Qi, Xiaojuan Rippel, Oliver Roth, Karsten Sarasua, Ignacio Schenk, Andrea Shen, Zengming Torres, Jordi Wachinger, Christian Wang, Chunliang Weninger, Leon Wu, Jianrong Xu, Daguang Yang, Xiaoping Yu, Simon Chun-Ho Yuan, Yading Yue, Miao Zhang, Liping Cardoso, Jorge Bakas, Spyridon Braren, Rickmer Heinemann, Volker Pal, Christopher Tang, An Kadoury, Samuel Soler, Luc van Ginneken, Bram Greenspan, Hayit Joskowicz, Leo Menze, Bjoern Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal Canada Department of Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel-Aviv University Israel Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Philips Research China Philips China Innovation Campus Shanghai China School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King0s College London London United Kingdom Institute for AI in Medicine Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Computer Science Guangdong University of Foreign Studies China Institute for diagnostic and interventional radiology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University Medical School China Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School United States School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel University of Pennsylvania PA United States Pte. Ltd. Singapore Medical Imaging and Reconstruction Lab Department of Engineering Design Indian Institute of Technology Madras India Sensetime Shanghai China Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PA United States Co. Ltd China MontréalQC Canada Department of Radiology Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine University of Montréal

In this work, we report the set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS), which was organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2017 and the International Conferences on Medical Image Computing and computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017 and 2018. The image dataset is diverse and contains primary and secondary tumors with varied sizes and appearances with various lesion-to-background levels (hyper-/hypo-dense), created in collaboration with seven hospitals and research institutions. Seventy-five submitted liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms were trained on a set of 131 computed tomography (CT) volumes and were tested on 70 unseen test images acquired from different patients. We found that not a single algorithm performed best for both liver and liver tumors in the three events. The best liver segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.963, whereas, for tumor segmentation, the best algorithms achieved Dices scores of 0.674 (ISBI 2017), 0.702 (MICCAI 2017), and 0.739 (MICCAI 2018). Retrospectively, we performed additional analysis on liver tumor detection and revealed that not all top-performing segmentation algorithms worked well for tumor detection. The best liver tumor detection method achieved a lesion-wise recall of 0.458 (ISBI 2017), 0.515 (MICCAI 2017), and 0.554 (MICCAI 2018), indicating the need for further research. LiTS remains an active benchmark and resource for research, e.g., contributing the liver-related segmentation tasks in http://***/. In addition, both data and online evaluation are accessible via ***. © 2019, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Deep learning

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Large Scale Rollout of Smart Grid Services

Large Scale Rollout of Smart Grid Services

引用

Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)

作者： Florian Kintzler Tobias Gawron-Deutsch Stephan Cejka Judith Schulte Mathias Uslar Eric MSP Veith Ewa Piatkowska Paul Smith Friederich Kupzog Henrik Sandberg Michelle S. Chong David Umsonst Marco Mittelsdorf Corporate Technology Siemens AG Austria Vienna Austria R&D Division Energy OFFIS e.V. - Institut fur Informatik Oldenburg Germany Center for Digital Safety Security AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Automatic Control KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Freiburg Germany

In the domain of energy automation, where a massive number of software-based IoT services interact with a complex dynamic system, processes for software installation and software update become more important and more complex. These processes have to ensure that the dependencies on all layers are fulfilled, including dependencies arising due to the energy system controlled by IT components being a hidden communication channel between these components. In addition, the processes have to be resilient against faults in and attacks to both the energy grid and the communication network. The ERA-Net funded project LarGo! aims at developing and testing processes for the large scale rollout of software applications in the power grid domain as well as the user domain. This article describes a work in progress and the project's roadmap to solve the technical issues. It investigates the problems that arise from the interlocking of the two networks- the power grid and the communication network. Based on this analysis a first set of requirements for a rollout process in such a Smart Grid is derived and the chosen approach to verify the resilience of the developed processes under research is described.

关键词： Smart grids Substations Software Resilience Maintenance engineering Internet of Things

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