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Nuclear spin metrology with nitrogen vacancy center in diamond for axion dark matter detection

Physical Review D 2025年第7期111卷 075028-075028页

作者： So Chigusa Masashi Hazumi Ernst David Herbschleb Yuichiro Matsuzaki Norikazu Mizuochi Kazunori Nakayama Theoretical Physics Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP) High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS) KEK Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU WPI) UTIAS The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Miura District Kanagawa 240-0115 Hayama Japan Department of Physics and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics National Central University Zhongli District Taoyuan City Taiwan Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji-city Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo university 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan

We present a method to directly detect the axion dark matter using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds. In particular, we use metrology leveraging the nuclear spin of nitrogen to detect axion-nucleus couplings. This is achieved through protocols designed for dark matter searches, which introduce a novel approach of quantum sensing techniques based on the nitrogen vacancy center. Although the coupling strength of the magnetic fields with nuclear spins is three orders of magnitude smaller than that with electron spins for conventional magnetometry, the axion interaction strength with nuclear spins is the same order of magnitude as that with electron spins. Furthermore, we can take advantage of the long coherence time by using the nuclear spins for the axion dark matter detection. Our method has the potential to be sensitive to a broad frequency range ≲100 Hz corresponding to the axion mass ma≲4×10−13 eV. We present the detection limit of our method for both the axion-neutron and the axion-proton couplings and discuss its significance in comparison with other proposed ideas. We also show that the sensitivities of the NV center sensor to various spin species will open up new directions for constructing protocols that can mitigate magnetic noise effects.

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Competing effects of temperature and mechanical stress on polar vortex transition in oxide superlattices

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Physical Review B 2024年第19期110卷 195417-195417页

作者： Pan Chen Xu Hou Jiandi Zhang Congbing Tan Peng Gao Yan Liang Xuezeng Tian Lei Liao Xu-Sheng Yang Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China Department of Engineering Mechanics Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518060 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University of Science and Technology 411201 Hunan Xiangtan China

The interplay of different forms of energies in oxide superlattices, such as elastic, electrostatic, and gradient energies, can result in a stable long-range ordered polar vortex structure at room temperature. However, the role between these energies in determining the vortex structure still remains largely elusive due to the intricate interplay. By using a comprehensive in situ TEM apparatus and a prototype system, PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice, we demonstrate that the vortex structure undergoes a first-order transition at the temperature around 653 K, while the application of in-plane mechanical stress at such a high temperature results in the reemergence of vortex structure. Cryogenic cooling to 94 K raises the stability of vortices, which would be destabilized by loading of out-of-plane mechanical stress. The results can be reproduced and well interpreted by phase-field simulations. These findings not only reveal the competing role of the temperature and mechanical stress at atomic scale but also demonstrate a feasible way to operate the vortex-based nanodevices working in harsh environments.

关键词： Electric polarization Ferroelectricity Electron diffraction Electron microscopy Liquid nitrogen cooling Phase-field modeling Scanning probe microscopy

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Complexity-Constrained quantum Thermodynamics

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PRX quantum 2025年第1期6卷 010346-010346页

作者： Anthony Munson Naga Bhavya Teja Kothakonda Jonas Haferkamp Nicole Yunger Halpern Jens Eisert Philippe Faist Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST and University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Grup d’Informació Quàntica Departament de Física Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Massachusetts 02134 USA Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

quantum complexity measures the difficulty of realizing a quantum process, such as preparing a state or implementing a unitary. We present an approach to quantifying the thermodynamic resources required to implement a process if the process’s complexity is restricted. We focus on the prototypical task of information erasure, or Landauer erasure, wherein an n-qubit memory is reset to the all-zero state. We show that the minimum thermodynamic work required to reset an arbitrary state in our model, via a complexity-constrained process, is quantified by the state’s complexity entropy. The complexity entropy therefore quantifies a trade-off between the work cost and complexity cost of resetting a state. If the qubits have a nontrivial (but product) Hamiltonian, the optimal work cost is determined by the complexity relative entropy. The complexity entropy quantifies the amount of randomness a system appears to have to a computationally limited observer. Similarly, the complexity relative entropy quantifies such an observer’s ability to distinguish two states. We prove elementary properties of the complexity (relative) entropy. In a random circuit—a simple model for quantum chaotic dynamics—the complexity entropy transitions from zero to its maximal value around the time corresponding to the observer’s computational-power limit. Also, we identify information-theoretic applications of the complexity entropy. The complexity entropy quantifies the resources required for data compression if the compression algorithm must use a restricted number of gates. We further introduce a complexity conditional entropy, which arises naturally in a complexity-constrained variant of information-theoretic decoupling. Assuming that this entropy obeys a conjectured chain rule, we show that the entropy bounds the number of qubits that one can decouple from a reference system, as judged by a computationally bounded referee. Overall, our framework extends the resource-theoretic approach to thermo

关键词： Qubits

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Reducing classical communication costs in multiplexed quantum repeaters using hardware-aware quasi-local policies

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Haldar, Stav Barge, Pratik J. Cheng, Xiang Chang, Kai-Chi Kirby, Brian T. Khatri, Sumeet Wong, Chee Wei Lee, Hwang Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD20783 United States Tulane University New OrleansLA70118 United States Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany

Future quantum networks will have nodes equipped with multiple quantum memories, allowing for multiplexing and entanglement distillation strategies in order to increase fidelities and reduce waiting times for end-to-end entanglement distribution. In this work, we introduce quasi-local policies for multiplexed quantum repeater chains. In fully-local policies, nodes make decisions based only on knowledge of their own states. In our quasi-local policies, nodes have increased knowledge of the state of the repeater chain, but not necessarily full, global knowledge. Our policies exploit the observation that for most decisions the nodes have to make, they only need to have information about the connected region of the chain they belong to, and not the entire chain. In this way, we not only obtain improved performance over local policies, but we reduce the classical communication (CC) costs inherent to global-knowledge policies. Our policies also outperform the well-known and widely studied nested purification and doubling swapping policy in practically relevant parameter regimes. We also carefully examine the role of entanglement distillation. Via analytical and numerical results, we identify the parameter regimes in which distillation makes sense and is useful. In these regimes, we also address the question: "Should we distill before swapping, or vice versa?" Finally, to provide further practical guidance, we propose an experimental implementation of a multiplexing-based repeater chain, and experimentally demonstrate the key element, a high-dimensional biphoton frequency comb. We then evaluate the anticipated performance of our multiplexing-based policies in such a real-world network through simulation results for two concrete memory platforms, namely rare-earth ions and diamond vacancies. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Distillation

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Integrated tunable twisted single photon source

Integrated tunable twisted single photon source

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Haoqi Zhao Yichen Ma Zihe Gao Na Liu Tianwei Wu Shuang Wu Xilin Feng James Hone Stefan Strauf Liang Feng Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Physics Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA Center for Quantum Science and Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New York New York USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

Twisted single photons, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an unbounded dimension, could address the growing demand for high-dimensional quantum information encoding and transmission. By hybrid integration of two-dimensional semiconductor WSe2 with a spin-orbit-coupled microring resonator, we demonstrate an integrated tunable twisted single photon source with the ability to precisely define and switch between highly pure spin-OAM states.

关键词： Electron beam lithography Magnetic fields Photon polarization quantum information quantum key distribution Whispering gallery modes

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Non-Hermitian Chiral Heat Transport

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第26期130卷 266303-266303页

作者： Guoqiang Xu Xue Zhou Ying Li Qitao Cao Weijin Chen Yunfeng Xiao Lan Yang Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge 117583 Republic of Singapore School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University100871 Beijing China Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA

Exceptional point (EP) has been captivated as a concept of interpreting eigenvalue degeneracy and eigenstate exchange in non-Hermitian physics. The chirality in the vicinity of EP is intrinsically preserved and usually immune to external bias or perturbation, resulting in the robustness of asymmetric backscattering and directional emission in classical wave fields. Despite recent progress in non-Hermitian thermal diffusion, all state-of-the-art approaches fail to exhibit chiral states or directional robustness in heat transport. Here we report the first discovery of chiral heat transport, which is manifested only in the vicinity of EP but suppressed at the EP of a thermal system. The chiral heat transport demonstrates significant robustness against drastically varying advections and thermal perturbations imposed. Our results reveal the chirality in heat transport process and provide a novel strategy for manipulating mass, charge, and diffusive light.

关键词： Diffusion Heat transfer Metamaterials Non-Hermitean systems

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quantum Geometry and Flat Band Bose-Einstein Condensation

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第17期127卷 170404-170404页

作者： Aleksi Julku Georg M. Bruun Päivi Törmä Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 15100 00076 Aalto Finland Center for Complex Quantum Systems Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 120 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China

We study the properties of a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a flat band lattice system by using the multiband Bogoliubov theory and discover fundamental connections to the underlying quantum geometry. In a flat band, the speed of sound and the quantum depletion of the condensate are dictated by the quantum geometry, and a finite quantum distance between the condensed and other states guarantees stability of the BEC. Our results reveal that a suitable quantum geometry allows one to reach the strong quantum correlation regime even with weak interactions.

关键词： Bose-Einstein condensates Geometric & topological phases Band structure methods Bose-Hubbard model Lattice models in condensed matter

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Robustness of controlled Hamiltonian approaches to unitary quantum gates

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Physical Review A 2023年第2期108卷 022423-022423页

作者： Eoin Carolan Barış Çakmak Steve Campbell School of Physics University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland College of Engineering and Natural Sciences Bahçeşehir University Beşiktaş Istanbul Turkey TUBITAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences 41470 Gebze Turkey Department of Physics Farmingdale State College SUNY Farmingdale New York 11735 USA Trinity Quantum Alliance Unit 16 Trinity Technology and Enterprise Centre Pearse Street Dublin 2 D02YN67 Ireland Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany

We examine the effectiveness and resilience of achieving quantum gates employing three approaches stemming from quantum control methods: counterdiabatic driving, Floquet engineering, and inverse engineering. We critically analyze their performance in terms of the gate infidelity, the associated resource overhead based on energetic cost, the susceptibility to timekeeping errors, and the degradation under environmental noise. Despite significant differences in the dynamical path taken, we find a broadly consistent behavior across the three approaches in terms of the efficacy of implementing the target gate and the resource overhead. Furthermore, we establish that the functional form of the control fields plays a crucial role in determining how faithfully a gate operation is achieved. Our results are demonstrated for single-qubit gates, with particular focus on the Hadamard gate, and we discuss the extension to N-qubit operations.

关键词： Open quantum systems & decoherence quantum computation quantum control quantum information processing quantum information theory quantum protocols quantum state transfer

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High-Purity Entanglement of Hot Propagating Modes Using Nonreciprocity

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PRX quantum 2023年第2期4卷 020344-020344页

作者： L. Orr Saeed A. Khan N. Buchholz S. Kotler A. Metelmann Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin Berlin 14195 Germany Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany

Distributed quantum information processing and communication protocols demand the ability to generate entanglement among propagating modes. However, thermal fluctuations can severely limit the fidelity and purity of propagating entangled states, especially for low-frequency modes relevant for radio-frequency (rf) signals. Here, we propose nonreciprocity as a resource to render continuous-variable entanglement of propagating modes robust against thermal fluctuations. By utilizing a cold-engineered reservoir, we break the symmetry of reciprocity in a standard two-mode squeezing interaction between a low- and a high-frequency mode and show that the rerouting of thermal fluctuations allows the generation of flying entangled states with high purity. Our approach requires only pairwise Gaussian interactions and is thus ideal for parametric circuit-QED implementations.

关键词： quantum correlations in quantum information quantum engineering quantum entanglement quantum information processing with continuous variables quantum networks quantum cavities Superconducting devices

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quantum metric nonlinear Hall effect in a topological antiferromagnetic heterostructure

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2023年第6654期381卷 181-186页

作者： Anyuan Gao Yu-Fei Liu Jian-Xiang Qiu Barun Ghosh Thaís V Trevisan Yugo Onishi Chaowei Hu Tiema Qian Hung-Ju Tien Shao-Wen Chen Mengqi Huang Damien Bérubé Houchen Li Christian Tzschaschel Thao Dinh Zhe Sun Sheng-Chin Ho Shang-Wei Lien Bahadur Singh Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi David C Bell Hsin Lin Tay-Rong Chang Chunhui Rita Du Arun Bansil Liang Fu Ni Ni Peter P Orth Qiong Ma Su-Yang Xu Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Department of Physics Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA. Ames National Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan. Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA. Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA. Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Colaba Mumbai India. International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Center for Nanoscale Systems Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan. Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology (QFort) Tainan 701 Taiwan. Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Canada.

quantum geometry in condensed-matter physics has two components: the real part quantum metric and the imaginary part Berry curvature. Whereas the effects of Berry curvature have been observed through phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional electron gases and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in ferromagnets, the quantum metric has rarely been explored. Here, we report a nonlinear Hall effect induced by the quantum metric dipole by interfacing even-layered MnBiTe with black phosphorus. The quantum metric nonlinear Hall effect switches direction upon reversing the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spins and exhibits distinct scaling that is independent of the scattering time. Our results open the door to discovering quantum metric responses predicted theoretically and pave the way for applications that bridge nonlinear electronics with AFM spintronics.

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