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Measurement of the iron spectrum in cosmic rays from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n with the calorimetric electron telescope on the international space station

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, Caterina Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. Ebisawa, K. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Link, J. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. de Nolfo, G.A. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ospina, N. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo Pisa3-56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV/n to 2 TeV/n our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index −2.60 ± 0.03. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron

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Orbital Collapse in Exotic Atoms and Its Effect on Dynamics

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第19期134卷 193001-193001页

作者： X. M. Tong K. Tőkési D. Kato T. Okumura S. Okada T. Azuma Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI) 4026 Debrecen Hungary National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Chubu University Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan WPI-QUP International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Oho 1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan

We study the energy structures of muonic Ar atoms and find the muon orbital collapses at a critical angular momentum lc using density-functional theory (DFT). The lc may provide an upper limit for the muon-captured states in muon-Ar collisions. We confirm the existence of this upper limit by calculating the state-specified capture probability using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) and the classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method with the single-active-particle approximation. Modifying the mapping between the classical orbital energy and the principal quantum number led to a reasonable agreement in the state-specified muon capture probabilities obtained by the TDSE and CTMC methods. We propose a simple method to estimate lc for exotic noble atoms from atomic model potentials. The estimated values agree with those calculated by DFT.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Efficient pairwise tomography: Reconstructing multiplex quantum networks in many-body systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： García-Pérez, Guillermo Rossi, Matteo A.C. Sokolov, Boris Borrelli, Elsi-Mari Maniscalco, Sabrina QTF Centre of Excellence Turku Centre for Quantum Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turun YliopistoFI-20014 Finland Complex Systems Research Group Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Turku Turun YliopistoFI-20014 Finland Corporate Research ABB Switzerland Ltd. Baden Switzerland QTF Centre of Excellence Center for Quantum Engineering Department of Applied Physics Aalto University School of Science AaltoFIN-00076 Finland

We introduce the concept of pairwise tomography networks to characterise quantum properties in many-body systems and demonstrate an efficient protocol to measure them experimentally. Pairwise tomography networks are generators of multiplex networks where each layer represents the graph of a relevant quantifier such as, e.g., concurrence, quantum discord, purity, quantum mutual information, or classical correlations. We propose a measurement scheme to perform two-qubit tomography of all pairs showing exponential improvement in the number of qubits N with respect to previously existing methods. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach by employing it in diverse domains playing a key role in quantum technologies, namely, Dicke states, decoherence models, and critical spin chains. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tomography

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99% beta factor and directional coupling of quantum dots to fast light in photonic crystal waveguides determined by spectral imaging

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Physical Review B 2019年第3期100卷 035311-035311页

作者： L. Scarpelli B. Lang F. Masia D. M. Beggs E. A. Muljarov A. B. Young R. Oulton M. Kamp S. Höfling C. Schneider W. Langbein School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technology Labs School of Physics and Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Nanoscience and Quantum Information Building Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1FD United Kingdom Technische Physik Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97474 Würzburg Germany

Spontaneous emission from excitonic transitions in InAs/GaAs quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal waveguides at 5 K into nonguided and guided modes is determined by direct spectral imaging. This enables measurement of the absolute coupling efficiency into the guided modes, the beta factor, directly, without assumptions on decay rates used previously. Notably, we found beta factors above 90% over a wide spectral range of 40 meV in the fast light regime, reaching a maximum of (99±1)%. We measure the directional emission of the circularly polarized transitions in a magnetic field into counterpropagating guided modes, to deduce the mode circularity at the quantum dot sites. We find that points of high directionality, up to 97%, correlate with a reduced beta factor, consistent with their positions away from the mode field antinode. By comparison with calibrated finite-difference time-domain simulations, we use the emission energy, mode circularity, and beta factor to estimate the quantum dot position inside the photonic crystal waveguide unit cell.

关键词： Angular momentum of light Carrier dynamics Cavity quantum electrodynamics Classical optics Diffusion Excitons Integrated optics Light propagation, transmission & absorption Luminescence Nanoantennas Nanophotonics Optoelectronics Photonic crystals Photonics Polarization of light quantum description of light-matter interaction Semiconductor quantum optics Topological effects in photonic systems

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Exceptional points-based optical amplifiers

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhong, Q. Ozdemir, S.K. Eisfeld, A. Metelmann, A. El-Ganainy, R. Department of Physics and Henes Center for Quantum Phenomena Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 Dresden01187 Germany Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States

The finite gain-bandwidth product is a fundamental figure of merit that restricts the operation of standard optical amplifiers. In microcavity setups, this becomes a serious problem due to the narrow bandwidth of the device. Here we introduce a new design paradigm based on exceptional points, that relaxes this limitation and allows for building a new generation of optical amplifiers that exhibits better gain-bandwidth scaling relations. Importantly, our results can be extended to other physical systems such as acoustics and microwaves. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical switches

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All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy

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Communications physics 2025年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Eugenio Ferrari Martin Beye Hiroki Ueda Joan Vila-Comamala Christian David Simon Gerber Ludmila M. Diniz Leroy Eugenio Paris Bill Pedrini Benedikt Roesner Marie Christine Zdora Urs Staub Cristian Svetina Danny Fainozzi Taito Osaka Ichiro Inoue Yuichi Inubushi Kensuke Tono Makina Yabashi Jumpei Yamada Filippo Bencivenga Alessandro Gessini Riccardo Mincigrucci Claudio Masciovecchio Majed Chergui Max Burian Pietro Carrara Riccardo Cucini Andrii Goloborodko Ales Hrabec Valerio Scagnoli Jérémy R. Rouxel Carles Serrat Kohei Yamamoto Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany PSI Center for Accelerator Science and Engineering Villigen Switzerland Fysikum Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden PSI Center for Photon Science Villigen Switzerland DECTRIS Ltd Baden-Daettwil Switzerland Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanociencia Calle Faraday 9 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain European XFEL Schenefeld Germany Institute of Applied physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland RIKEN SPring-8 Center Sayo-gun Hyogo Japan Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo-gun Hyogo Japan Research Center for Precision Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka Japan Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. Trieste Italy Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) ISIC Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM) Unità di Trieste Basovizza TS Italy PWGP Labs Bucha Kyiv Region Ukraine PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences Villigen Switzerland Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems Department of Materials ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA Department of Physics Polytechnic University of Catalonia Terrassa (Barcelona) Spain Institute for Molecular Science Okazaki Aichi Japan NanoTerasu center National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Sendai Miyagi Japan

Optical-domain transient grating (TG) spectroscopy is the ideal tool to investigate transport phenomena in gases, liquids and solids, but it is limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG has represented a major leap forward to access the mesoscopic scales. Hard X-ray TGs open access in principle to the nanoscale. Hard X-ray TGs were recently generated using the Talbot effect and probed by optical pulses, but these hinder exploiting the advantages of the nanoscale gratings. Here, we present an all-X-ray TG study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our experiment was performed on an amorphous film of an FeGd alloy and on a thin silicon single crystal. The results show a manifestation of the TG induced by the X-ray pump and probe pulses in the form of Talbot carpets, as well as temporal evolution of the grating in crystalline silicon showing coherent optical phonons. Ultrafast all-X-ray TG spectroscopy has the potential to study fundamental excitations with femtosecond time resolution and nanometer spatial sensitivity.

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Nonlinear dynamics of Aharonov-Bohm cages

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Physical Review A 2019年第4期100卷 043829-043829页

作者： Marco Di Liberto Sebabrata Mukherjee Nathan Goldman Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 231 Campus Plaine B-1050 Brussels Belgium Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

The interplay of π-flux and lattice geometry can yield full localization of quantum dynamics in lattice systems, a striking interference phenomenon known as Aharonov-Bohm caging. At the single-particle level, this full-localization effect is attributed to the collapse of Bloch bands into a set of perfectly flat (dispersionless) bands. While interparticle interactions generally break the cages, not much is known regarding the fate of Aharonov-Bohm caging in the presence of classical nonlinearities, as captured by a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This scenario is relevant to recent experimental realizations of photonic Aharonov-Bohm cages, using classical light propagating in arrays of coupled waveguides. In this article, we demonstrate that caging always occurs in this nonlinear setting, as long as the nonlinearities remain local. As a central result, we identify special caged solutions that are accompanied by a breathing dynamics of the field intensity that we describe in terms of an effective two-mode model reminiscent of a bosonic Josephson junction. Also, motivated by a formal similarity with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation describing interacting bosons, we explore the quantum regime of Aharonov-Bohm caging using small ensembles of interacting particles, and reveal quasicaged collapse-revival dynamics. The results stemming from this work open an interesting route towards the characterization of nonlinear dynamics in interacting flat-band systems.

关键词： Bose-Einstein condensates Cold gases in optical lattices quantum simulation Waveguide arrays

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Gate-Sensing Charge Pockets in the Semiconductor-Qubit Environment

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Physical Review Applied 2019年第6期11卷 064027-064027页

作者： X.G. Croot S.J. Pauka M.C. Jarratt H. Lu A.C. Gossard J.D. Watson G.C. Gardner S. Fallahi M.J. Manfra D.J. Reilly ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems School of Physics The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Microsoft Quantum Purdue Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA School of Materials Engineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Microsoft Quantum Sydney The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Dispersive gate sensing (DGS) uses radio-frequency (rf) reflectometry to locally probe the quantum capacitance of a gate electrode. Applying DGS to heterostructure-based qubit devices, we report the repeated observation of anomalous signals that we attribute to pockets of charge in the potential landscape likely under, and surrounding, the surface gates that define quantum-dot qubits. Interestingly, these charge pockets appear to evade detection with conventional charge sensors but manifest strongly in the response of the gate sensor. Configuring a quantum point contact (QPC) as a highly localized heat source, we show how these charge pockets likely form close to the end of the gate electrodes, in close proximity to gate-defined qubits. The presence of uncontrolled charge may lead to offsets in gate voltage and further contribute to charge noise that produces decoherence in semiconductor qubits.

关键词： Coulomb blockade Metrology Noise quantum information with solid state qubits III-V semiconductors Point contacts quantum dots Two-dimensional electron gas

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Flat bands and mechanical deformation effects in the moiré superlattice of MoS2-WSe2Heterobilayers

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Waters, Dacen Nie, Yifan Lüpke, Felix Pan, Yi Fölsch, Stefan -ChuanLin, Yu Jariwala, Bhakti Zhang, Kehao Wang, Chong Lv, Hongyan Cho, Kyeongjae Xiao, Di Robinson, Joshua A. Feenstra, Randall M. Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas DallasTX75080 United States Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd BerkeleyCA94720 United States Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 Berlin10117 Germany Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831-6487 United States

It has recently been shown that quantum-confined states can appear in epitaxially grown van der Waals material heterobilayers without a rotational misalignment (θ=0°), associated with flat bands in the Brillouin zone of the moire pattern formed due to the lattice mismatch of the two layers. Peaks in the local density of states and confinement in a MoS2/WSe2system was qualitatively described only considering local stacking arrangements, which cause band edge energies to vary spatially. In this work, we report the presence of large in-plane strain variation across the moire unit cell of a θ=0° MoS2/WSe2heterobilayer, and show that inclusion of strain variation and out-of-plane displacement in density functional theory calculations greatly improves their agreement with the experimental data. We further explore the role of twist-angle by showing experimental data for a twisted MoS2/WSe2heterobilayer structure with twist angle of θ=15°, that exhibits a moire pattern but no confinement. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molybdenum compounds

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Hybridization between the ligand p band and Fe-3d orbitals in the p-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Takeda, Takahito Suzuki, Masahiro Anh, Le Duc Tu, Nguyen Thanh Schmitt, Thorsten Yoshida, Satoshi Sakano, Masato Ishizaka, Kyoko Takeda, Yukiharu Fijimori, Shin-ichi Seki, Munetoshi Tabata, Hitoshi Fujimori, Atsushi Strocov, Vladimir N. Tanaka, Masaaki Kobayashi, Masaki Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute of Engineering Innovation University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Physics Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy 280 Au Duong Vuong Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City748242 Viet Nam Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSICH-5232 Switzerland Quantum-Phase Electronics Center Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Unit Japan Atomic Energy Agency Sayo-gun Hyogo679-5148 Japan Center for Spintronics Research Network University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Applied Physics Waseda University Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan

(Ga,Fe)Sb is a promising ferromagnetic semiconductor for practical spintronic device applications because its Curie temperature (TC) is above room temperature. However, the origin of ferromagnetism with high TC remains to be elucidated. Here, we use soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) to investigate the valence-band (VB) structure of (Ga0.95,Fe0.05)Sb including the Fe-3d impurity band (IB), to unveil the mechanism of ferromagnetism in (Ga,Fe)Sb. We find that the VB dispersion in (Ga0.95,Fe0.05)Sb observed by SX-ARPES is similar to that of GaSb, indicating that the doped Fe atoms hardly affect the band dispersion. The Fe-3d resonant ARPES spectra demonstrate that the Fe-3d IB crosses the Fermi level (EF) and hybridizes with the VB of GaSb. These observations indicate that the VB structure of (Ga0.95,Fe0.05)Sb is consistent with that of the IB model which is based on double-exchange interaction between the localized 3d electrons of the magnetic impurities. The results indicate that the ferromagnetism in (Ga,Fe)Sb is formed by the hybridization of the Fe-3d IB with the ligand p band of GaSb. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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